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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
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use strict;
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use warnings;
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our $VERSION = '1.4.3';
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our $VERSION = '1.5.0';
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use English;
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use Getopt::Long;
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@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ use Socket;
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use Time::HiRes;
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use Math::BigInt;
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use Text::ParseWords;
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use Digest::SHA;
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use version;
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## no critic (InputOutput::RequireBriefOpen)
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@ -66,13 +67,16 @@ use version;
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*MS_BIND = \0x1000;
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*MS_REC = \0x4000;
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*MNT_DETACH = \2;
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# uuid_t NameSpace_DNS in rfc4122
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*UUID_NS_DNS = \'6ba7b810-9dad-11d1-80b4-00c04fd430c8';
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our (
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$CLONE_NEWNS, $CLONE_NEWUTS,
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$CLONE_NEWIPC, $CLONE_NEWUSER,
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$CLONE_NEWPID, $CLONE_NEWNET,
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$_LINUX_CAPABILITY_VERSION_3, $CAP_SYS_ADMIN,
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$PR_CAPBSET_READ, $MS_BIND,
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$MS_REC, $MNT_DETACH
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$MS_REC, $MNT_DETACH,
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$UUID_NS_DNS
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);
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#<<<
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@ -215,11 +219,12 @@ sub minor {
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}
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sub can_execute {
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my $tool = shift;
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my $pid = open my $fh, '-|' // return 0;
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my $tool = shift;
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my $verbose = shift // '--version';
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my $pid = open my $fh, '-|' // return 0;
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if ($pid == 0) {
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open(STDERR, '>&', STDOUT) or die;
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exec {$tool} $tool, '--version' or die;
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exec {$tool} $tool, $verbose or die;
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}
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chomp(
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my $content = do { local $/; <$fh> }
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@ -303,6 +308,28 @@ sub shellescape {
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return "'$string'";
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}
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sub create_v5_uuid {
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use bytes;
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my $ns_uuid = shift;
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my $name = shift;
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my $version = 0x50;
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# convert the namespace uuid to binary
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$ns_uuid =~ tr/-//d;
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$ns_uuid = pack 'H*', $ns_uuid;
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# concatenate namespace and name and take sha1
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my $digest = Digest::SHA->new(1);
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$digest->add($ns_uuid);
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$digest->add($name);
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# only the first 16 bytes matter
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my $uuid = substr($digest->digest(), 0, 16);
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# set the version
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substr $uuid, 6, 1, chr(ord(substr($uuid, 6, 1)) & 0x0f | $version);
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substr $uuid, 8, 1, chr(ord(substr $uuid, 8, 1) & 0x3f | 0x80);
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# convert binary back to uuid formatting
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return join '-', map { unpack 'H*', $_ }
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map { substr $uuid, 0, $_, '' } (4, 2, 2, 2, 6);
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}
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sub test_unshare_userns {
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my $verbose = shift;
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@ -4380,15 +4407,16 @@ sub guess_sources_format {
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}
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sub approx_disk_usage {
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my $directory = shift;
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my $directory = shift;
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my $block_size = shift;
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info "approximating disk usage...";
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# the "du" utility reports different results depending on the underlying
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# filesystem, see https://bugs.debian.org/650077 for a discussion
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#
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# we use code similar to the one used by dpkg-gencontrol instead
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#
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# Regular files are measured in number of 1024 byte blocks. All other
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# entries are assumed to take one block of space.
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# Regular files are measured in number of $block_size byte blocks. All
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# other entries are assumed to take one block of space.
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#
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# We ignore /dev because depending on the mode, the directory might be
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# populated or not and we want consistent disk usage results independent
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@ -4412,8 +4440,8 @@ sub approx_disk_usage {
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return if exists $hardlink{"$dev:$ino"};
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# Track hardlinks to avoid repeated additions.
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$hardlink{"$dev:$ino"} = 1 if $nlink > 1;
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# add file size in 1024 byte blocks, rounded up
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$installed_size += int(((-s _) + 1024) / 1024);
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# add file size in $block_size byte blocks, rounded up
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$installed_size += int(((-s _) + $block_size) / $block_size);
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} else {
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# all other entries are assumed to only take up one block
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$installed_size += 1;
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@ -4805,7 +4833,7 @@ sub main() {
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$options->{format} = 'directory';
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}
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my @valid_formats
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= ('auto', 'directory', 'tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'null');
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= ('auto', 'directory', 'tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4', 'null');
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if (none { $_ eq $options->{format} } @valid_formats) {
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error "invalid format. Choose from " . (join ', ', @valid_formats);
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}
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@ -5670,6 +5698,30 @@ sub main() {
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if ($exitstatus != 0) {
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error "genext2fs failed with exit status: $exitstatus";
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}
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} elsif ($options->{target} =~ /\.ext4$/) {
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$options->{format} = 'ext4';
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# check if the installed version of e2fsprogs supports tarballs on
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# stdin
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(undef, my $filename) = tempfile(
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"mmdebstrap.ext4.XXXXXXXXXXXX",
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OPEN => 0,
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TMPDIR => 1
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);
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# creating file to suppress message "Creating regular file ..."
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{ open my $fh, '>', $filename; }
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open my $fh, '|-', 'mke2fs', '-q', '-F', '-o', 'Linux', '-T',
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'ext4', '-b', '4096', '-d', '-', $filename,
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'16384' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
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# write 10240 null-bytes to mke2fs -- this represents an empty
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# tar archive
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print $fh ("\0" x 10240)
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or error "cannot write to mke2fs process";
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close $fh;
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my $exitstatus = $?;
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unlink $filename // die "cannot unlink $filename";
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if ($exitstatus != 0) {
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error "mke2fs failed with exit status: $exitstatus";
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}
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} else {
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$options->{format} = 'directory';
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}
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@ -5687,21 +5739,30 @@ sub main() {
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info "ignoring target $options->{target} with null format";
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}
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my $blocksize = -1;
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if ($options->{format} eq 'ext2') {
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if (!can_execute 'genext2fs') {
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error "need genext2fs for ext2 format";
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}
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$blocksize = 1024;
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'ext4') {
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if (!can_execute 'mke2fs', '-V') {
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error "need mke2fs for ext4 format";
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}
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$blocksize = 4096;
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'squashfs') {
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if (!can_execute 'tar2sqfs') {
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error "need tar2sqfs binary from the squashfs-tools-ng package";
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}
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$blocksize = 1048576;
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}
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'null')) {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4', 'null')) {
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if ($options->{format} ne 'null') {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('extract', 'custom')
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and $options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
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info "creating a tarball or squashfs image or ext2 image in"
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info "creating a tarball, squashfs, ext2 or ext4 image in"
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. " fakechroot mode might fail in extract and"
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. " custom variants because there might be no tar inside the"
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. " chroot";
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@ -5885,7 +5946,7 @@ sub main() {
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# If both the above assertion change, we can stop creating /dev entries as
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# well.
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my $devtar = '';
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2')) {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4')) {
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foreach my $file (@devfiles) {
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my ($fname, $mode, $type, $linkname, $devmajor, $devminor)
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= @{$file};
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@ -5954,6 +6015,9 @@ sub main() {
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push @taropts, '--xattrs', '--xattrs-exclude=system.*';
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq "ext2") {
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warning "genext2fs does not support extended attributes";
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warning "ext2 does not support sub-second precision timestamps";
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warning "ext2 does not support timestamps beyond 2038 January 18";
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warning "ext2 inode size of 128 prevents removing these limitations";
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} else {
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push @taropts, '--xattrs';
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}
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@ -6001,8 +6065,9 @@ sub main() {
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close $childsock;
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close $nblkreader;
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if (!$options->{dryrun} && $options->{format} eq 'ext2') {
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my $numblocks = approx_disk_usage($options->{root});
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if (!$options->{dryrun} && any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('ext2', 'ext4')) {
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my $numblocks = approx_disk_usage($options->{root}, $blocksize);
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print $nblkwriter "$numblocks\n";
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$nblkwriter->flush();
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}
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@ -6010,8 +6075,8 @@ sub main() {
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if ($options->{dryrun}) {
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info "simulate creating tarball...";
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2'))
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{
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4')) {
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info "creating tarball...";
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# redirect tar output to the writing end of the pipe so
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@ -6132,7 +6197,8 @@ sub main() {
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my $numblocks = 0;
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close $nblkwriter;
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if (!$options->{dryrun} && $options->{format} eq 'ext2') {
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if (!$options->{dryrun} && any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('ext2', 'ext4')) {
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$numblocks = <$nblkreader>;
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if (defined $numblocks) {
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chomp $numblocks;
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@ -6151,9 +6217,11 @@ sub main() {
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# nothing to do
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('directory', 'null')) {
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# nothing to do
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'ext2' && $numblocks <= 0) {
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} elsif ((any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('ext2', 'ext4'))
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&& $numblocks <= 0) {
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# nothing to do because of invalid $numblocks
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2')) {
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4')) {
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# we use eval() so that error() doesn't take this process down and
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# thus leaves the setup() process without a parent
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eval {
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@ -6162,16 +6230,16 @@ sub main() {
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error "cannot copy to standard output: $!";
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}
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} else {
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if ( $options->{format} eq 'squashfs'
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or $options->{format} eq 'ext2'
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or defined $tar_compressor) {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4')
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or defined $tar_compressor) {
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my @argv = ();
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if ($options->{format} eq 'squashfs') {
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push @argv, 'tar2sqfs',
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'--quiet', '--no-skip', '--force',
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'--exportable',
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'--compressor', 'xz',
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'--block-size', '1048576',
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'--block-size', $blocksize,
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$options->{target};
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'ext2') {
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if ($numblocks <= 0) {
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@ -6179,6 +6247,26 @@ sub main() {
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}
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push @argv, 'genext2fs', '-B', 1024, '-b', $numblocks,
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'-i', '16384', '-a', '-', $options->{target};
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'ext4') {
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if ($numblocks <= 0) {
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error "invalid number of blocks: $numblocks";
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}
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push @argv, 'mke2fs', '-q', '-F', '-o', 'Linux', '-T',
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'ext4';
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if (exists $ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}) {
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# if SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH was set, make the image
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# reproducible by setting a fixed uuid and
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# hash_seed
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my $uuid = create_v5_uuid(
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create_v5_uuid(
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$UUID_NS_DNS, "mister-muffin.de"
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),
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$mtime
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);
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push @argv, '-U', $uuid, '-E', "hash_seed=$uuid";
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}
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push @argv, '-b', $blocksize, '-d', '-',
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$options->{target}, $numblocks;
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'tar') {
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push @argv, @{$tar_compressor};
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} else {
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@ -6200,8 +6288,8 @@ sub main() {
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or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
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# redirect stdout to file or /dev/null
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if ( $options->{format} eq 'squashfs'
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or $options->{format} eq 'ext2') {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4')) {
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open(STDOUT, '>', '/dev/null')
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or error "cannot open /dev/null for writing: $!";
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} elsif ($options->{format} eq 'tar') {
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@ -6282,7 +6370,7 @@ sub main() {
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if (any { $_ eq $options->{format} } ('directory')) {
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# nothing to do
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} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{format} }
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('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'null')) {
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('tar', 'squashfs', 'ext2', 'ext4', 'null')) {
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if (!-e $options->{root}) {
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error "$options->{root} does not exist";
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}
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@ -6381,12 +6469,12 @@ can be disabled by choosing the empty string for I<SUITE>. See the section
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B<VARIANTS> for more information.
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The I<TARGET> option may either be the path to a directory, the path to a
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tarball filename, the path to a squashfs image, the path to an ext2 image, a
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FIFO, a character special device, or C<->. The I<TARGET> option is optional if
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no I<MIRROR> option is provided. If I<TARGET> is missing or if I<TARGET> is
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C<->, an uncompressed tarball will be sent to standard output. Without the
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B<--format> option, I<TARGET> will be used to choose the format. See the
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section B<FORMATS> for more information.
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tarball filename, the path to a squashfs image, the path to an ext2 or ext4
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image, a FIFO, a character special device, or C<->. The I<TARGET> option is
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optional if no I<MIRROR> option is provided. If I<TARGET> is missing or if
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I<TARGET> is C<->, an uncompressed tarball will be sent to standard output.
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Without the B<--format> option, I<TARGET> will be used to choose the format.
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|
See the section B<FORMATS> for more information.
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The I<MIRROR> option may either be provided as a URI, in apt one-line format,
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|
as a path to a file in apt's one-line or deb822-format, or C<->. If no
|
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@ -6463,8 +6551,8 @@ information.
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|
|
=item B<--format>=I<name>
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|
|
Choose the output format. Valid format I<name>s are B<auto>, B<directory>,
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|
B<tar>, B<squashfs>, B<ext2> and B<null>. The default format is B<auto>. See
|
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|
|
|
the section B<FORMATS> for more information.
|
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|
|
B<tar>, B<squashfs>, B<ext2>, B<ext4> and B<null>. The default format is
|
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|
|
|
B<auto>. See the section B<FORMATS> for more information.
|
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|
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|
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|
|
=item B<--aptopt>=I<option>|I<file>
|
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|
|
@ -7043,6 +7131,7 @@ I<TARGET> equals C<->, or if I<TARGET> is a named pipe (fifo) or if I<TARGET>
|
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|
|
is a character special file, then the B<tar> format will be chosen. If
|
|
|
|
|
I<TARGET> ends with C<.squashfs> or C<.sqfs>, then the B<squashfs> format will
|
|
|
|
|
be chosen. If I<TARGET> ends with C<.ext2> then the B<ext2> format will be
|
|
|
|
|
chosen. If I<TARGET> ends with C<.ext4> then the B<ext4> format will be
|
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|
|
chosen. If none of these conditions apply, the B<directory> format will be
|
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|
|
|
chosen.
|
|
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|
|
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|
|
@ -7092,8 +7181,24 @@ with this format because C<genext2fs> can only write to a regular file. If you
|
|
|
|
|
need your ext2 image be named C<->, then just explicitly pass the relative path
|
|
|
|
|
to it like F<./->. To convert the result to an ext3 image, use C<tune2fs -O
|
|
|
|
|
has_journal TARGET> and to convert it to ext4, use C<tune2fs -O
|
|
|
|
|
extents,uninit_bg,dir_index,has_journal TARGET>. Since C<genext2fs> does not
|
|
|
|
|
support extended attributes, the resulting image will not contain them.
|
|
|
|
|
extents,uninit_bg,dir_index,has_journal TARGET>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
B<CAUTION>: the ext2 format does not support timestamps beyond 2038 January 19,
|
|
|
|
|
does not support sub-second precision timestamps and does not support extended
|
|
|
|
|
attributes. Its inode size of 128 prevents adding these features with tune2fs
|
|
|
|
|
later on.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item B<ext4>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
A temporary chroot directory will be created in C<$TMPDIR> or F</tmp> if
|
|
|
|
|
C<$TMPDIR> is not set. A tarball of that directory will be piped to the
|
|
|
|
|
C<mke2fs> utility, which will create an ext4 image that will be approximately
|
|
|
|
|
90% full in I<TARGET>. The special I<TARGET> C<-> does not work with this
|
|
|
|
|
format because C<mke2fs> can only write to a regular file. If you need your
|
|
|
|
|
ext4 image be named C<->, then just explicitly pass the relative path to it
|
|
|
|
|
like F<./->. If C<SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH> is set, the filesystem UUID and hash_seed
|
|
|
|
|
will be set to a UUID derived from SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH to create reproducible
|
|
|
|
|
images.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item B<null>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -7190,7 +7295,12 @@ B<--skip=tar-in/mknod>.
|
|
|
|
|
=item B<tar-out> I<pathinside> I<outside.tar>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Packs the path I<pathinside> from inside the chroot into a tarball, placing it
|
|
|
|
|
into a certain location I<outside.tar> outside the chroot.
|
|
|
|
|
into a certain location I<outside.tar> outside the chroot. To emulate behaviour
|
|
|
|
|
of C<cp> and to provide control over the path which gets put into the tarball,
|
|
|
|
|
a C<chdir()> is performed to the C<dirname()> of I<pathinside> and then the
|
|
|
|
|
C<basename()> of I<pathinside> is packaged as a tarball. For example, if
|
|
|
|
|
I<pathinside> is C</boot/.> then first a C<chdir()> into C</boot> will be
|
|
|
|
|
performed before packing up the contents of C<.> inside C</boot>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=item B<download> I<fileinside> I<fileoutside>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
@ -7402,8 +7512,8 @@ Performs cleanup tasks, unless B<--skip=cleanup> is used:
|
|
|
|
|
=item B<output>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
For formats other than B<directory>, pack up the temporary chroot directory
|
|
|
|
|
into a tarball, ext2 image or squashfs image and delete the temporary chroot
|
|
|
|
|
directory.
|
|
|
|
|
into a tarball, ext2 image, ext4 image or squashfs image and delete the
|
|
|
|
|
temporary chroot directory.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
If B<--skip=output/dev> is added, the resulting chroot will not contain the
|
|
|
|
|
device nodes, directories and symlinks that B<debootstrap> creates but just
|
|
|
|
|
@ -7738,7 +7848,7 @@ Limitations in comparison to debootstrap:
|
|
|
|
|
=item * Some debootstrap options don't exist, namely:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I<--second-stage>, I<--exclude>, I<--resolve-deps>, I<--force-check-gpg>,
|
|
|
|
|
I<--merged-usr> and I<--no-merged-usr>
|
|
|
|
|
I<--merged-usr>, I<--no-merged-usr> and I<--cache-dir>.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Johannes Schauer Marin Rodrigues