multistrap/em_multistrap

#!/usr/bin/perl

# Copyright (C) 2009  Neil Williams <codehelp@debian.org>
#
# This package is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
# it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
# the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or
# (at your option) any later version.
#
# This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
# but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
# MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
# GNU General Public License for more details.
#
# You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
# along with this program.  If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

use IO::File;
use Config::Auto;
use File::Basename;
use Parse::Debian::Packages;
use strict;
use warnings;
use vars qw/ $progname $ourversion $dstrap $extra 
 @archives $deb $cachedir $config_str %packages $retval $str $retries
 $dir $include $arch $foreign $suite $url $unpack
 @e $sourcesname $libdir $dpkgdir @debootstrap %suites $mirror $etcdir
 $repo @dirs @touch %sources $section %keys $host $key $value $type
 $file $config $tidy $noauth $keyring %keyrings /;
$progname = basename($0);
$ourversion = "0.0.5";
$unpack = "true";

while( @ARGV ) {
	$_= shift( @ARGV );
	last if m/^--$/;
	if (!/^-/) {
		unshift(@ARGV,$_);
		last;
	}
	elsif (/^(-\?|-h|--help|--version)$/) {
	&usageversion();
		exit( 0 );
	}
	elsif (/^(-f|--file)$/) {
		$file = shift(@ARGV);
	}
	elsif (/^(-a|--arch)$/) {
		$arch = shift(@ARGV);
	}
	elsif (/^(-d|--dir)$/) {
		$dir = shift(@ARGV);
		$dir .= ($dir =~ m:/$:) ? '' : "/";
	}
	elsif (/^(--tidy-up)$/) {
		$tidy++;
	}
	elsif (/^(--no-auth)$/) {
		$noauth++;
	}
	else {
		die "$progname: Unknown option $_.\n";
	}
}
die ("Need a configuration file - use $progname -f\n")
	if (not defined $file);
$config = Config::Auto::parse("$file");
%keys=();
foreach $key (%$config)
{
	$type = lc($key) if (ref $key ne "HASH");
	$value = $key if (ref $key eq "HASH");
	$keys{$type} = $value;
}
%sources=();
%packages=();
%suites=();
%keyrings=();
foreach $section (sort keys %keys)
{
	if ($section eq "general")
	{
		$arch = $keys{$section}{'arch'} if (not defined $arch);
		$dir = $keys{$section}{'directory'} if (not defined $dir);
		# support the original value but replace by new value.
		$unpack = lc($keys{$section}{'unpack'})
			if (defined $keys{$section}{'forceunpack'});
		$unpack = lc($keys{$section}{'unpack'})
			if (defined $keys{$section}{'unpack'});
		$tidy++ if ((defined $keys{$section}{'cleanup'}) and
			($keys{$section}{'cleanup'} eq "true"));
		$noauth++ if ((defined $keys{$section}{'noauth'}) and
			($keys{$section}{'noauth'} eq "true"));
		@debootstrap = split(' ', lc($keys{$section}{'debootstrap'}));
	}
	else
	{
		$sources{$section}=$keys{$section}{'source'};
		$packages{$section}=$keys{$section}{'packages'};
		$suites{$section}=$keys{$section}{'suite'};
		$keyrings{$section}=$keys{$section}{'keyring'};
	}
}
print "$progname $ourversion using $file\n";
$host = `dpkg-architecture -qDEB_BUILD_ARCH`;
chomp ($host);
$foreign++ if ($host ne $arch);
print "$progname building '$arch' multistrap on '$host'\n";
$cachedir = "var/cache/apt/"; # archives
$libdir = "var/lib/apt/";     # lists
$etcdir = "etc/apt/";         # sources
$dpkgdir = "var/lib/dpkg/";   # state

mkdir ("$dir") if (not -d "$dir");
system ("mkdir -p ${dir}${cachedir}");
system ("mkdir -p ${dir}${libdir}");
system ("mkdir -p ${dir}${dpkgdir}");
system ("mkdir -p ${dir}etc/apt/sources.list.d/");
@dirs = qw/ alternatives info parts updates/;
@touch = qw/ diversions statoverride status lock/;
foreach my $dpkgd (@dirs) {
	if (not -d "${dir}${dpkgdir}$dpkgd") {
		mkdir "${dir}${dpkgdir}$dpkgd";
	}
}
foreach my $file (@touch) {
	utime(time, time, "${dir}${dpkgdir}/$file") or (
		open(F, ">${dir}${dpkgdir}/$file") && close F );
}
utime(time, time, "${dir}etc/shells") or 
	(open(F, ">${dir}etc/shells") && close F );

if (not -d "${dir}etc/network") {
	mkdir "${dir}etc/network";
}

if (not -d "${dir}dev") {
	mkdir "${dir}dev";
}

unlink ("${dir}etc/apt/sources.list.d/multistrap.sources.list")
	if (-f "${dir}etc/apt/sources.list.d/multistrap.sources.list");
unlink ("${dir}etc/apt/sources.list")
	if (-f "${dir}etc/apt/sources.list");

foreach $repo (sort keys %suites)
{
	if (not -e "${dir}${cachedir}") {
		mkdir "${dir}${cachedir}";
	}
	if (not -e "$dir/${libdir}lists") {
		mkdir "$dir/${libdir}lists";
	}
	if (not -e "$dir/${libdir}lists/partial") {
		mkdir "$dir/${libdir}lists/partial";
	}
	if (not -e "$dir/${cachedir}archives") {
		mkdir "$dir/${cachedir}archives";
	}
	if (not -e "$dir/${cachedir}archives/partial") {
		mkdir "$dir/${cachedir}archives/partial";
	}
	if (-d "${dir}etc/apt/")
	{
		open (SOURCES, ">>${dir}etc/apt/sources.list.d/multistrap.sources.list") 
			or die "Cannot open sources list $!";
		$mirror = $sources{$repo};
		$suite = $suites{$repo};
		print SOURCES<<END;
deb $mirror $suite main
deb-src $mirror $suite main
END
		close SOURCES;
	}
}
my $k;
foreach my $pkg (values %keyrings)
{
	next if (not defined $pkg);
	my $status = `dpkg -s $pkg`;
	next if $status =~ /Status: install ok installed/;
	$k .= "$pkg ";
}
if (defined $k)
{
	my $e=`printenv`;
	my $str = ($e =~ /\nUSER=root\n/) ? "" : "sudo ";
	$str = (-f "/usr/bin/sudo") ? "$str" : "";
	print "I: Installing $k\n";
	system ("$str apt-get install $k");
}

$config_str = '';
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Architecture=$arch";
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Get::AllowUnauthenticated=true"
	if (defined $noauth);
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Get::Download-Only=true";
$config_str .= " -o Apt::Install-Recommends=false";
$config_str .= " -o Dir=$dir";
$config_str .= " -o Dir::Etc=${dir}${etcdir}";
$sourcesname = "sources.list.d/multistrap.sources.list";
$config_str .= " -o Dir::Etc::SourceList=${dir}${etcdir}$sourcesname";
$config_str .= " -o Dir::State=${dir}${libdir}";
$config_str .= " -o Dir::State::Status=${dir}${dpkgdir}/status";
$config_str .= " -o Dir::Cache=${dir}${cachedir}";
system ("apt-get $config_str update");
$str = join (' ', values %packages) . " ";
chomp($str);
$str .= join (' ', values %keyrings) . " "; 
chomp($str);
my $required = &get_required_debs;
$str .= join (' ', @$required);
chomp($str);
print "apt-get -y $config_str install $str\n";
$retval = system ("apt-get -y $config_str install $str");
die ("apt download failed. Exit value: ".($retval/256)."\n")
	if ($retval != 0);

&force_unpack if ($unpack eq "true");
system ("touch ${dir}${libdir}lists/lock");
&native if (not defined ($foreign));
(not defined $tidy) ? system ("apt-get $config_str update") : &tidy_apt;
print "\nMultistrap system installed successfully in $dir.\n\n";
exit 0;

sub force_unpack
{
	my %unpack=();
	opendir (DEBS, "${dir}${cachedir}archives/")
		or die ("Cannot read apt archives directory.\n");
	@archives=grep(/.*\.deb$/, readdir DEBS);
	closedir (DEBS);
	print "I: Calculating obsolete packages\n";
	foreach $deb (sort @archives)
	{
		my $version = `dpkg -f ${dir}${cachedir}archives/$deb Version`;
		my $package = `dpkg -f ${dir}${cachedir}archives/$deb Package`;
		chomp ($version);
		chomp ($package);
		if (exists $unpack{$package})
		{
			my $test=system("dpkg --compare-versions $unpack{$package} '<<' $version");
			$test /= 256;
			# unlink version in $unpack if 0
			# unlink $deb (current one) if 1
			if ($test == 0)
			{
				my $old = $deb;
				$old =~ s/$version/$unpack{$package}/;
				print "I: Removing $old\n";
				unlink "${dir}${cachedir}archives/$old";
				next;
			}
			else
			{
				print "I: Removing $deb\n";
				unlink "${dir}${cachedir}archives/$deb";
			}
		}
		$unpack{$package}=$version;
	}
	open (LOCK, ">${dir}${libdir}lists/lock");
	close (LOCK);
	opendir (DEBS, "${dir}${cachedir}archives/")
		or die ("Cannot read apt archives directory.\n");
	@archives=grep(/.*\.deb$/, readdir DEBS);
	closedir (DEBS);
	my $old = `pwd`;
	chomp ($old);
	chdir ("${dir}");
	foreach $deb (sort @archives)
	{
		print "I: Extracting $deb...\n";
		system ("ar -p \"./${cachedir}archives/$deb\" data.tar.gz | zcat | tar -xf -");
		my $ver=`dpkg -f ./${cachedir}archives/$deb Version`;
		my $pkg=`dpkg -f ./${cachedir}archives/$deb Package`;
		chomp ($ver);
		chomp ($pkg);
		mkdir ("./tmp");
		my $tmpdir = `mktemp -p ./tmp -d -t multistrap.XXXXXX`;
		chomp ($tmpdir);
		mkdir ("./${tmpdir}/listing");
		system ("ar -p \"./${cachedir}archives/$deb\" data.tar.gz > ./${tmpdir}/listing/data.tar.gz");
		my $datatar = `tar -tzf ./${tmpdir}/listing/data.tar.gz`;
		my @lines = split("\n", $datatar);
		open (LIST, ">>./${dpkgdir}info/${pkg}.list");
		foreach my $l (@lines)
		{
			chomp ($l);
			$l =~ s:^\.::;
			$l =~ s:^/$:/\.:;
			$l =~ s:/$::;
			print LIST "$l\n";
		}
		close (LIST);
		system ("rm -rf ./${tmpdir}/listing");
		system ("dpkg -e ./${cachedir}archives/$deb ${tmpdir}/");
		opendir (MAINT, "./${tmpdir}");
		my @maint=grep(!m:\.\.?:, readdir (MAINT));
		closedir (MAINT);
		open (AVAIL, ">>./${dpkgdir}available");
		open (STATUS, ">>./${dpkgdir}status");
		foreach my $mscript (@maint)
		{
			rename "./${tmpdir}/$mscript", "./${dpkgdir}info/$pkg.$mscript";
			if ( $mscript eq "control" )
			{
				open (MSCRIPT, "./${dpkgdir}info/$pkg.$mscript");
				my @scr=<MSCRIPT>;
				close (MSCRIPT);
				my @avail = grep(!/^$/, @scr);
				print AVAIL @avail;
				print STATUS @avail;
				print AVAIL "\n";
				print STATUS "Status: install ok unpacked\n";
				unlink ("./${dpkgdir}info/$mscript");
			}
		}
		close (AVAIL);
		if ( -f "./${dpkgdir}info/$pkg.conffiles")
		{
			print STATUS "Conffiles:\n";
			print " -> Processing conffiles for $pkg\n";
			open (CONF, "./${dpkgdir}info/$pkg.conffiles");
			my @lines=<CONF>;
			close (CONF);
			foreach my $line (@lines)
			{
				chomp ($line);
				my $md5=`md5sum ./$line | cut -d" " -f1`;
				chomp ($md5);
				print STATUS " $line $md5\n";
			}
		}
		print STATUS "\n";
		close (STATUS);
		system ("rm -rf ./${tmpdir}");
	}
	chdir ("$old");
	print "I: Unpacking complete.\n";
}

sub tidy_apt
{
	print "I: Tidying up apt cache and list data.\n";
	unlink ("${dir}etc/apt/sources.list")
		if (-f "${dir}etc/apt/sources.list");
	opendir (DEBS, "${dir}${libdir}lists/")
		or die ("Cannot read apt lists directory.\n");
	my @lists=grep(!m:\.\.?$:, readdir DEBS);
	closedir (DEBS);
	foreach my $file (@lists)
	{
		next if (-d $file);
		unlink ("${dir}${libdir}lists/$file");
	}
	opendir (DEBS, "${dir}${cachedir}/")
		or die ("Cannot read apt cache directory/.\n");
	my @files=grep(!m:\.\.?$:, readdir DEBS);
	closedir (DEBS);
	foreach my $file (@files)
	{
		next if (-d $file);
		next unless ($file =~ /\.bin$/);
		unlink ("${dir}${cachedir}$file");
	}
	if ($unpack eq "true")
	{
		opendir (DEBS, "${dir}${cachedir}/archives/")
			or die ("Cannot read apt archives directory/.\n");
		my @files=grep(!m:\.\.?$:, readdir DEBS);
		closedir (DEBS);
		foreach my $file (@files)
		{
			next if (-d $file);
			next unless ($file =~ /\.deb$/);
			unlink ("${dir}${cachedir}archives/$file");
		}
	}
}

# if native arch, do a few tasks just because we can and probably should.
sub native
{
	print "I: Native mode - configuring unpacked packages . . .\n";
	my $e=`printenv`;
	my $str = ($e =~ /\nUSER=root\n/) ? "" : "sudo";
	$str = (-f "/usr/bin/sudo") ? "$str" : "";
	system ("$str chroot $dir dpkg --configure -a");
}

sub get_required_debs
{
	# emulate required="$(get_debs Priority: required)"
	# from debootstrap/functions
	# needs to be run after the first apt-get install so that
	# Packages files exist
	my @required=();
	my @debs=();
	opendir (PKGS, "${dir}${libdir}lists/")
		or die ("Cannot open ${dir}${libdir}lists/ directory. $!\n");
	my @lists=grep(/_Packages$/, readdir (PKGS));
	closedir (PKGS);
	foreach my $strap (@debootstrap)
	{
		my $s = lc($strap);
		foreach my $l (@lists)
		{
			next unless ($l =~ /$s/);
			push (@required, $l);
		}
	}
	foreach my $file (@required)
	{
		my $fh = IO::File->new("${dir}${libdir}lists/$file");
		my $parser = Parse::Debian::Packages->new( $fh );
		while (my %package = $parser->next)
		{
			next unless $package{'Priority'} eq "required";
			push @debs, $package{'Package'};
		}
	}
	return \@debs;
}

sub usageversion {
	print(STDERR <<END)
$progname version $ourversion

Usage:
 $progname [-a ARCH] [-d DIR] -f CONFIG_FILE
 $progname -?|-h|--help|--version

Command:
 -f|--file CONFIG_FILE:  path the the multistrap configuration file.

Options:
 -a|--arch ARCHITECTURE: override the configuration file architecture.
 -d|--dir PATH:          override the configuration file directory.
    --no-auth:           do not use Secure Apt for any repositories
    --tidy-up:           remove apt cache data and downloaded archives.
 -?|-h|--help:           print this usage message and exit
 --version:              print this usage message and exit

$progname extends debootstrap to provide support for multiple
repositories, using a configuration file to specify the relevant suites,
architecture, extra packages and the mirror to use for each repository.

Example configuration:
[General]
arch=armel
directory=/opt/multistrap/
# same as --tidy-up option if set to true
cleanup=true
# same as --no-auth option if set to true
# keyring packages listed in each debootstrap will
# still be installed.
noauth=false
# extract all downloaded archives (default is true)
unpack=true
# the order of sections is not important.
# the debootstrap option determines which repository
# is used to calculate the list of Priority: required packages.
debootstrap=Debian

[Debian]
packages=
source=http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian
keyring=debian-archive-keyring
suite=lenny

This will result in a completely normal debootstrap of Debian lenny from
the specified mirror, for armel in /opt/multistrap/.

'Architecture' and 'directory' can be overridden on the command line.

Specify a package to extend the debootstap to include that package and
all dependencies. Dependencies will be calculated by apt so as to use
only the most recent suitable version from all configured repositories.

General settings:

'directory' specifies the top level directory where the debootstrap
will be created - it is not packed into a .tgz once complete.

END
        || die "$progname: failed to write usage: $!\n";
}

=pod

=head1 Name

em_multistrap - extends debootstrap for multiple repository support

=head1 Synopsis

 em_multistrap [-a ARCH] [-d DIR] -f CONFIG_FILE
 em_multistrap -?|-h|--help|--version

=head1 Options

(These options can also be set in the configuration file.)

--tidy-up - remove apt cache data, downloaded Packages files and
the apt package cache. Same as cleanup=true.

--no-auth - allow the use of unauthenticated repositories. Same
as noauth=true

=head1 Description

em_multistrap provides a debootstrap-like method based on apt and
extended to provide support for multiple repositories, using a
configuration file to specify the relevant suites, architecture,
extra packages and the mirror to use for each debootstrap.

The aim is to create a complete debootstrap with all packages
installed and configured, instead of just the base system.

Example configuration:

 [General]
 arch=armel
 directory=/opt/multistrap/
 # same as --tidy-up option if set to true
 cleanup=true
 # same as --no-auth option if set to true
 # keyring packages listed in each debootstrap will
 # still be installed.
 noauth=false
 # extract all downloaded archives (default is true)
 unpack=true
 # the order of sections is not important.
 # the debootstrap option determines which repository
 # is used to calculate the list of Priority: required packages.
 debootstrap=Debian
 
 [Debian]
 packages=
 source=http://ftp.uk.debian.org/debian
 keyring=debian-archive-keyring
 suite=lenny

This will result in a completely normal debootstrap of Debian lenny from
the specified mirror, for armel in '/opt/multistrap/'.

Specify a package to extend the multistrap to include that package and
all dependencies.

Specify more debootstraps by adding new sections. Section names are used
in the debootstrap general option.

Section names are case-insensitive.

e.g. change

 debootstrap=Debian

to

 debootstrap=Grip
 
then add the new section for Grip:
 
 [Grip]
 packages=locales
 keyring=emdebian-archive-keyring
 source=http://www.emdebian.org/grip
 suite=lenny

Setting Grip instead of Debian in the debootstrap option, as above,
will provide a base system from Emdebian Grip 1.0 and locate any
missing dependencies in Debian 5.0 Lenny, allowing you to add any
package(s) you need from Debian that are not yet in Emdebian Grip.

All dependencies are resolved only by apt, using all configured
repositories, to use only the most recent and most suitable
dependencies. Note that multistrap turns off Install-Recommends
so if the multistrap needs a package that is only a Recommended
dependency, the recommended package needs to be specified in the
packages line explicitly.

'Architecture' and 'directory' can be overridden on the command line.
Other general options have command line options, except debootstrap
itself.

=head1 General settings:

'directory' specifies the top level directory where the debootstrap
will be created - it is not packed into a .tgz once complete.

As with debootstrap, em_multistrap will continue after errors.

em_multistrap does not currently implement the machine:variant support
used in Emdebian but the build directory is not packed up at the
end of the run so other scripts can be used to implement customisations.

=head1 Secure Apt

To use authenticated apt repositories, multistrap either needs to be
able to install an appropriate keyring package from the existing apt
sources *outside the multistrap environment* or have the relevant keys
already configured using apt-key *on the host system*.

If relevant packages exist, specify them in the 'keyring' option for
each repository. em_multistrap will then check that apt has already
installed this package so that the repository can be authenticated
before any packages are downloaded from it.

Note that *all* repositories to be used with multistrap must be
authenticated or apt will fail. Similarly, secure apt can only be
disabled for all repositories (by using the --no-auth command line
option or setting the general noauth option in the configuration
file), even if only one repository does not have a suitable keyring
available. Not all packages need keyring packages, if you configure
apt-key appropriately.

The keyring package(s) will also be installed inside the multistrap
environment to match the installed apt sources for the multistrap.

All configuration of apt-key needs to be done for the machine
running multistrap itself.

=head1 State

multistrap is stateless - if the directory exists, it will simply
proceed as normal and apt will try to pick up where it left off.

=head1 Native mode - multistrap

em_multistrap was not intended for native support, it was developed for
cross architecture support. In order for multiple repositories to be
used, em_multistrap only unpacks the packages selected by apt.

In native mode, various post-multistrap operations are likely to be
needed that debootstrap would do for you:

 1. copy /etc/hosts into the chroot
 2. clean the environment to unset LANGUAGE, LC_ALL and LANG
    to silence nuisance perl warnings that obscure other errors

(An alternative to unset the localisation variables is to add
locales to your multistrap configuration file in the 'packages'
option.

Eventually, multistrap will either replace em_multistrap or call
em_multistrap with --arch and take over native duties.

=cut