448 lines
20 KiB
XML
448 lines
20 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
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<refentry id="emsandbox">
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<refentryinfo>
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<productname>emsandbox</productname>
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<productnumber/>
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</refentryinfo>
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<refmeta>
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<refentrytitle>emsandbox</refentrytitle>
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<manvolnum>1</manvolnum>
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<refmiscinfo class="source">EMDEBIAN-TOOLS</refmiscinfo>
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<refmiscinfo class="manual">EMDEBIAN-TOOLS</refmiscinfo>
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</refmeta>
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<refnamediv id="name">
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<refname>emsandbox</refname>
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<refpurpose>create Emdebian root filesystems</refpurpose>
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</refnamediv>
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<refsynopsisdiv>
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<cmdsynopsis>
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<command>emsandbox</command>
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<group>
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<arg>-a</arg>
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<arg>--arch </arg>
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<replaceable> ARCHITECTURE</replaceable>
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</group>
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<group>
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<arg>--create</arg>
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<arg>create</arg>
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</group>
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<group>
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<group>
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<arg>-s</arg>
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<arg>--script</arg>
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</group>
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<replaceable> FILENAME</replaceable>
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</group>
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<group>
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<arg>-S</arg>
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<arg>--suite</arg>
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<replaceable> NAME</replaceable>
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</group>
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<group>
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<arg>--machine-path</arg>
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<replaceable>PATH</replaceable>
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</group>
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<group>
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<arg>-m</arg>
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<arg>--machine</arg>
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<replaceable> NAME</replaceable>
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<group>
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<arg>-v</arg>
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<arg>--variant</arg>
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<replaceable> NAME</replaceable>
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</group>
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</group>
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</cmdsynopsis>
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</refsynopsisdiv>
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<refsect1 id="shell">
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<title>SHELL INTERPRETERS</title>
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<para><command>emsandbox</command> is bash code and uses
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<command>embootstrap</command> which is bash code and also sources
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pbuilder code which is also bash code. <command>debootstrap</command>
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re-executes itself with the default shell and then tries to source the
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suite script which fails because the re-executed copy of debootstrap is
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now running under the default shell, not bash.
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</para>
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<para>This problem can show up as a failure within <command>debootstrap</command>
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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I: Retrieving zlib1g
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I: Validating zlib1g
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</programlisting>
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<para>The next line should be:</para>
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<programlisting>
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I: Extracting base-passwd...
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</programlisting>
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<para>Unfortunately, this is a result of the default shell
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interpreter in Debian being changed after the scripts were written
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and it is a non-trivial problem. It is not possible for
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<command>embootstrap</command> could migrate to cdebootstrap currently.
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</para>
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<para>The only current solution is to change your default shell to
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/bin/bash inside the environment running <command>emsandbox</command>.
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="description">
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<title>DESCRIPTION</title>
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<para><command>emsandbox</command> supports customised generation of
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basic root filesystems from cross-built Emdebian packages, ready for
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unpacking and configuring on an embedded device.
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</para>
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<para>Note that <filename>emsandbox</filename> does not support all the
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options available to <filename>debootstrap</filename>. Some of the
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debootstrap options that are supported are implemented as machine
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specific configuration files in your Emdebian work directory.
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(See <option>--machine</option> and <option>--variant</option>.)
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</para>
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<para><filename>emsandbox</filename> is a wrapper for debootstrap to prepare
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an Emdebian root filesystem, using Emdebian packages and a native chroot
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via 'debootstrap --foreign' and code from pbuilder.
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</para>
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<para>The Emdebian rootfs, as generated by <command>emsandbox</command>
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is not fully configured - packages are unpacked and certain support
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files are created but none of the packages are configured (not even
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the pre-install scripts). This last stage is the only process that
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<emphasis>must</emphasis> be run on the actual device
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<emphasis>before the first boot</emphasis>, using the <command>emsecondstage</command>
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script which requires a working <command>chroot</command> environment.
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Typically, <command>emsecondstage</command> is run from some kind of
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minimal bootloader environment that has sufficient support for mounting
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subsystems like proc and filesystems like the root filesystem partition
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and can chroot into the root filesystem. This method means that the
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majority of the work of creating the root filesystem can be done on
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the build machine.
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</para>
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<para>The tarball created by <command>emsandbox</command> should be
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copied onto the target device and unpacked using:
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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# cd /mnt/target/dir
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# tar -xzpf emdebian-arm.tgz
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</programlisting>
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<para>Immediately after unpacking, start the package configuration
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by running <command>./emsecondstage</command> on the target device.
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(Configuration involves running the cross-built binaries and is the
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only part of the process that must be run on the target device.)
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</para>
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<para><command>emsecondstage</command> should <emphasis>always</emphasis>
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be run from the directory into which it was installed.
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</para>
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<programlisting>
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# ./emsecondstage
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</programlisting>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="commands">
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<title>COMMANDS</title>
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<variablelist remap="TP">
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>--create</option>|<option>create</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Runs <command>debootstrap</command> <option>--foreign</option>
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with a modified suite rule set to create a basic Emdebian rootfs.
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</para>
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<para>Checks for an existing chroot and exits if one is found.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-h</option>|<option>--help</option></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>print the usage message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>--version</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>print the usage message and exit.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="options">
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<title>OPTIONS</title>
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<variablelist remap="TP">
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-a</option>|<option>--arch</option><replaceable> ARCHITECTURE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Override the <command>dpkg-cross</command> default architecture
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for this operation on the chroot.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-s</option>|<option>--script</option><replaceable> FILENAME</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Override the default package selection and installation
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script with a customised debootstrap suite script (written in shell
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and compatible with whichever shell interpreter is to be installed
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on the target).
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</para>
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<para>Some customised scripts are provided with emdebian-tools. The
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default uses the standard Emdebian 'busybox' package with 'dpkg' and
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'apt'. Replacement scripts need to be full debootstrap suite shell
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scripts that specify how to complete the first and second stage
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installations.
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</para>
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<para>Customised scripts packages with <emphasis>emdebian-tools</emphasis>
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include scripts for a root filesystem including libgtk2.0-0 and a complete
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GPE root filesystem.</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>--machine-path</option>
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<replaceable> PATH</replaceable>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Override the default path to machine and variant configuration. By
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default, emsandbox uses <filename>${WORK}/machine</filename> where
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<userinput>$WORK</userinput> is the working directory specified
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to <emphasis>emdebian-tools</emphasis> in the debconf configuration.
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The specified path must already exist and contain the relevant
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<filename>packages.conf</filename> configuration as well as the
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<filename>setup.sh</filename> and <filename>config.sh</filename> shell
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scripts (which may be empty).
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-m</option>|<option>--machine</option><replaceable> MACHINE</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Load machine specific configuration data from your Emdebian
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working directory. If no variant is specified, config is read from
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<filename>$WORK/machine/$MACHINE/default/</filename> where $WORK
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is the work directory specified in debconf for emdebian-tools.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-v</option>|<option>--variant</option><replaceable> VARIANT</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Load variant specific configuration data from your Emdebian
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working directory. Requires <option>--machine</option>. Configuration
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data is read from <filename>$WORK/machine/$MACHINE/$VARIANT/</filename> where $WORK
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is the work directory specified in debconf for emdebian-tools.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term><option>-S</option>|<option>--suite</option><replaceable> NAME</replaceable></term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Override the default suite [unstable] and specify another
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supported suite. Note that if the Emdebian repository is used,
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the suite chosen <emphasis>must</emphasis> be a normal
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Emdebian/Debian suite name from 'unstable, testing or sid', or
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a Debian release codename for a release including or later
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than lenny. No other suite name is supported in Emdebian.
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</para>
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<para>The selected suite is set in the root filesystem as the
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default suite for apt to use when looking for updates.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="machinevariants">
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<title>Machine variants</title>
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<para><command>emsandbox</command> supports a set of customisation routines
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for each combination of machine and variant, allowing the rootfs to be customised
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to specific variants of a specific machine. Configuration data is stored in the
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<filename>machine</filename> subdirectory of your Emdebian work directory.
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Using the <option>-m</option> option to <command>emsandbox</command> loads
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<filename>packages.conf</filename> from the <filename>$WORK/machine/$MACHINE/default</filename>
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subdirectory prior to starting debootstrap. Once the first stage install is complete,
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<command>emsandbox</command> calls <filename>setup.sh</filename> from the same
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directory, passing the location and architecture of the tarball, so that other
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fine tuning can take place prior to creating the tarball. At this stage, any
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operations inside the rootfs must not try to execute any binaries within the
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rootfs. Immediately before creating the tarball, <filename>config.sh</filename>
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is copied into the <filename>/machine/$MACHINE/default/</filename> directory
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of the rootfs, ready to be called when <command>emsecondstage</command> has
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completed the second stage of the debootstrap process.
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</para>
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<para>Skeleton versions of <filename>packages.conf</filename>,
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<filename>setup.sh</filename> and <filename>config.sh</filename> are available
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in <filename>/usr/share/emdebian-tools/machine/</filename>.
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</para>
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<para><filename>packages.conf</filename> is intended to be the principal place
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for adjusting the emsandbox tarball to suit the needs of specific machine variants.
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<filename>setup.sh</filename> and <filename>config.sh</filename> can fine tune
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the results but in order to avoid reinventing the wheel, if more than a few
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machines need similar adjustments to the same files, future versions of
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<filename>packages.conf</filename> will collate those into a single
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configuration parameter available to all.
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</para>
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<para><filename>packages.conf</filename> supports:</para>
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<variablelist>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>INCLUDE</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Add a comma separated list of package names to the list of packages
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added to the tarball and installed in the second stage. Currently, debootstrap
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has problems with multiple repositories so either upload this package to the
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same repository as your other packages or create an apt-proxy that can serve
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as a local repository, set it in <option>PROXY</option> and specify a usable
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mirror for the device in <option>MIRROR</option>.</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: empty</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>SCRIPT</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overrides the default emsandbox suite-script that debootstrap uses to
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determine the base and required packages and the all important sequence in which
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the packages can be installed. SCRIPT can be overridden on the emsandbox command line.
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</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: <filename>/usr/share/emdebian-tools/emdebian.crossd</filename></para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>MIRROR</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overrides the default emsandbox mirror. This repository will be set in
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<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename> and will also be used by debootstrap to obtain
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all packages for the tarball unless <option>PROXY</option> is also set.
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</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: http://www.emdebian.org/crush/</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>PROXY</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Specifies a separate repository to pass to debootstrap that may be local or
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otherwise not intended for use once the tarball is installed. Use <option>MIRROR</option>
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to set the same value in debootstrap and <filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>.
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If <option>PROXY</option> is specified without <option>MIRROR</option>, the default
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emsandbox MIRROR (http://buildd.emdebian.org/emdebian/) will be written into
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<filename>/etc/apt/sources.list</filename>.</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: empty</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>TARBALL_NAME</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Overrides the default name (emdebian-$ARCH) of the tarball. Do not specify a path here,
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just a filename with the .tgz suffix.</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: emdebian-$ARCH.tgz where $ARCH is specified to emsandbox or as the dpkg-cross
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default architecture.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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<varlistentry>
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<term>
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<option>SUITE</option>
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</term>
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<listitem>
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<para>Override the default suite [unstable] and specify another
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supported suite. Note that if the Emdebian repository is used,
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the suite chosen <emphasis>must</emphasis> be a normal
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Emdebian/Debian suite name from 'unstable, testing or sid', or
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a Debian release codename for a release including or later
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than lenny. No other suite name is supported in Emdebian.
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</para>
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<para>The selected suite is set in the root filesystem as the
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default suite for apt to use when looking for updates.
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</para>
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<para>Not recommended to be changed.
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</para>
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<para>DEFAULT: unstable
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</varlistentry>
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</variablelist>
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<para>Due to limitations in the current debootstrap support, the only way
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of adding packages to the first stage is by providing a customised suite
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script. Even if emsandbox migrates to using a tool from Stag to overcome
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shortcomings in debootstrap, support for packages.conf, setup.sh and config.sh
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will remain.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="automation">
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<title>Automating rootfs builds</title>
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<para>Providing you are trying to build a root filesystem for an
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architecture supported within Debian, <emphasis>emdebian-tools</emphasis>
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can help you automate the package builds.
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See <filename>em_autobuild</filename> (1)</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="shell">
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<title>SHELL variables</title>
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<para>Note that the Debian chroot program from coreutils expects you
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to want the same shell outside the chroot as you want to use inside
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the chroot. The typical Debian default shell in <filename>/etc/passwd</filename>
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is bash which is not present in the Emdebian rootfs so <command>chroot</command>
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needs the <option>/bin/sh</option> option.</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="files">
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<title>FILES</title>
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<para>Most <emphasis>emdebian-tools</emphasis> use configuration data from
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<filename>apt-cross</filename> and <filename>dpkg-cross</filename>.
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<command>emsource</command> and <command>emsandbox </command> also support
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configuration using <filename>debconf</filename> to set a subversion username
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and default working directory (which must be writable) for unpacking source
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downloads. Default debconf values can be overridden with user-specific
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values using <filename>~/.apt-cross/emsource</filename> or
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<filename>~/.apt-cross/emsandbox</filename> respectively.
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</para>
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<refsect2>
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<title>/etc/emsandbox.conf</title>
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<para>System-wide configuration file handled by <command>debconf</command>
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controlling unpacking source archives to a default working
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directory. Can also include a subversion username setting, intended for
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single-user installations. <filename>/etc/emsandbox.conf</filename>
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settings can be overridden on a per-user basis by copying the current
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file to <filename>~/.apt-cross/emsandbox</filename> and editing the
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values.</para>
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<para>Two variables can be set (see also <filename>/etc/emsandbox.conf</filename>):
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</para>
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<itemizedlist>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis>workingdir</emphasis>: A simple default
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location for <command>emsandbox</command> to create a source tree to
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download and unpack prebuilt binary packages. If left blank, a
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new top level directory tree is used but this is intended for chroot
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support only.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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<listitem>
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<para><emphasis>targetsuite</emphasis>: Emdebian follows Debian by
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defaulting to building against unstable. This setting determines the
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versions of libraries and packages linked against the cross-built emdebian
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packages.
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</para>
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</listitem>
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</itemizedlist>
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</refsect2>
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<refsect2>
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<title>~/.apt-cross/emsandbox</title>
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<para>User-specific version of <filename>/etc/emsandbox.conf</filename>,
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supporting the same variables to provide user-specific overrides.
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</para>
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</refsect2>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1>
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<title>Author</title>
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<para><command>emsandbox</command> was written
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by Neil Williams <email>codehelp@debian.org</email>.
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</para>
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<para>This manual page was written by Neil Williams
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<email>codehelp@debian.org</email>
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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<refsect1 id="seealso">
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<title>SEE ALSO</title>
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<para>See also <filename>apt-cross</filename> (1), <filename>em_make</filename> (1),
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<filename>dpkg-cross</filename> (1), <emphasis>emdebian-tools</emphasis> (1).
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</para>
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</refsect1>
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</refentry>
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