<!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - INTRO! - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="intro"> During the trench warfare<br>of World War I, peace broke out. <br><br> It was Christmas 1914. Despite strict orders not to chill<br> with the enemy, British and German soldiers left their trenches,<br> and gathered to bury their dead, exchange gifts, and sing. This wasn't unique. Even long before Christmas, soldiers already had an unspoken system of "live and let live" -- a small peace in a Great War. <br><br> Meanwhile, the West is now at peace, and yet, we distrust our governments, media, and <i>each other</i> more and more. So, we gotta ask: <b> Why, even in the best of times, do friends become enemies? But also why, even in the worst of times, why do enemies become friends? </b> <br><br> These are complex questions, but a simple idea from game<br> theory can help shed some light! So, to understand<br>our epidemic of distrust... </p> <p id="intro_button"> ...let's play a game. → </p> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - ONE OFF! - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="oneoff_0_top"> <b>THE GAME OF TRUST:</b> <br> There's a machine. If one player puts a coin in the machine, the <i>other</i> player gets three coins. A player can either choose to <b>COOPERATE</b> (put in one coin), or <b>CHEAT</b> (keep their coin). </p> <p id="oneoff_0_btm"> But there's a problem. Think about it: if the other player CHEATS, what should you do? </p> <p id="oneoff_1_cheated"> Fair enough – if the other player won't cooperate, why should you? </p> <p id="oneoff_1_cooperated"> Alas, turning the other cheek just gets you slapped on that cheek. </p> <p id="oneoff_1_top"> Cooperating while the other person cheats means you lose a coin while they get three. (-1 vs +3) However, both of you cheating means you both neither gain nor lose anything. (0 vs 0) Therefore, you should <b>CHEAT</b>. </p> <p id="oneoff_1_btm"> But if the other player <b>COOPERATES</b>, what should you do now? </p> <p id="oneoff_2_cheated"> Wow, that's mean. And also the correct answer! </p> <p id="oneoff_2_cooperated"> Yeah, seems like the right thing to do... but is it the *correct* thing to do? </p> <p id="oneoff_2_top"> Because, if you both cooperate, you both lose one coin and gain three (+2 vs +2). But you can do <i>even better</i> – if you cheat while they cooperate, <i>you</i> can gain three coins at no cost, while they lose a coin. (+3 vs -1) Therefore, you should <i>still</i> <b>CHEAT</b>. </p> <p id="oneoff_2_btm"> blah blah blah blah. But what if... </p> <p id="oneoff_button_next"> ...we play more than once? → </p> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - SANDBOX! - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="sandbox_population"> Start off with this distribution of players: </p> <p id="sandbox_payoffs"> The payoffs in a one-on-one game are: </p> <p id="sandbox_reset_payoffs"> reset payoffs </p> <!-- When translating the following, keep the "[N]", with square brackets, as a placeholder for the number. Some of these need double-translations, one for the plural version, one for the singular version. --> <p id="sandbox_rules_1"> Play [N] rounds per one-on-one game </p> <p id="sandbox_rules_1_single"> Play [N] round per one-on-one game </p> <p id="sandbox_rules_2"> After each tournament, eliminate the bottom [N] players & reproduce the top [N] players </p> <p id="sandbox_rules_2_single"> After each tournament, eliminate the bottom [N] player & reproduce the top [N] player </p> <p id="sandbox_rules_3"> In each round of a one-on-one game, there's a [N]% chance a player makes a mistake </p> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - THE PLAYERS - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="label_tft"> Copycat </p> <p id="label_short_tft"> copycat </p> <p id="label_all_d"> Always Cheat </p> <p id="label_short_all_d"> cheater </p> <p id="label_all_c"> Always Cooperate </p> <p id="label_short_all_c"> cooperater </p> <p id="label_grudge"> Grudger </p> <p id="label_short_grudge"> grudger </p> <p id="label_prober"> Detective </p> <p id="label_short_prober"> detective </p> <p id="label_tf2t"> Copykitten </p> <p id="label_short_tf2t"> copykitten </p> <p id="label_pavlov"> Simpleton </p> <p id="label_short_pavlov"> simpleton </p> <p id="label_random"> Lol So Random </p> <p id="label_short_random"> random </p> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - SMALL LABELS! - - - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="label_cooperate"> cooperate </p> <p id="label_cheat"> cheat </p> <p id="label_play"> play </p> <p id="label_stop"> stop </p> <p id="label_step"> step </p> <p id="label_reset"> reset </p> <p id="label_population"> population </p> <p id="label_payoffs"> payoffs </p> <p id="label_rules"> rules </p> <p id="label_play_tournament"> 1) play tournament </p> <p id="label_eliminate_bottom_5"> 2) eliminate bottom 5 </p> <p id="label_reproduce_top_5"> 3) reproduce top 5 </p> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <!-- - - - NAVIGATING CHAPTERS - - - --> <!-- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - --> <p id="chapter_intro"> 0. Introduction </p> <p id="chapter_oneoff"> 1. One Game </p> <p id="chapter_iterated"> 2. Repeated Game </p> <p id="chapter_tournament"> 3. One Tournament </p> <p id="chapter_evolution"> 4. Repeated Tournament </p> <p id="chapter_noise"> 5. Making Mistaeks </p> <p id="chapter_sandbox"> 6. Sandbox </p> <p id="chapter_conclusion"> 7. Conclusion </p> <p id="chapter_credits"> X. Credits </p>