@ -3581,18 +3581,18 @@ B<required>. See the section B<VARIANTS> for more information.
=item B<--mode>=I<name>
Choose how to perform the chroot operation and create a filesystem with
ownership information different from the current user. Valid mode I<name>s are B<auto>,
B<sudo>, B<root>, B<unshare>, B<fakeroot>, B<fakechroot> and B<proot>. The
default mode is B<auto>. See the section B<MODES> for more information.
ownership information different from the current user. Valid mode I<name>s are
B<auto>, B<sudo>, B<root>, B<unshare>, B<fakeroot>, B<fakechroot> and B<proot>.
The default mode is B<auto>. See the section B<MODES> for more information.
=item B<--aptopt>=I<option>|I<file>
Pass arbitrary I<option>s to apt. Will be added to
F</etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap> inside the chroot. Can be specified
multiple times. Each I<option> will be appended to 99mmdebstrap. A semicolon will
be added at the end of the option if necessary. If the command line argument
is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended to 99mmdebstrap
verbatim.
multiple times. Each I<option> will be appended to 99mmdebstrap. A semicolon
will be added at the end of the option if necessary. If the command line
argument is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended to
99mmdebstrap verbatim.
Example: This is necessary for allowing old timestamps from snapshot.debian.org
@ -3618,7 +3618,8 @@ Example: For situations in which the apt sandbox user cannot access the chroot
Example: Minimizing the number of packages installed from experimental
--aptopt='APT::Solver "aspcud"'
--aptopt='APT::Solver::aspcud::Preferences "-count(solution,APT-Release:=/a=experimental/),-removed,-changed,-new"'
--aptopt='APT::Solver::aspcud::Preferences
"-count(solution,APT-Release:=/a=experimental/),-removed,-changed,-new"'
=item B<--keyring>=I<file>|I<directory>
@ -3653,8 +3654,8 @@ pointing to F</usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg>.
Pass arbitrary I<option>s to dpkg. Will be added to
F</etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap> inside the chroot. Can be specified
multiple times. Each I<option> will be appended to 99mmdebstrap. If the command
line argument is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended to
99mmdebstrap verbatim.
line argument is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended
to 99mmdebstrap verbatim.
Example: Exclude paths to reduce chroot size
@ -3729,13 +3730,17 @@ information.
Example: Setup merged-/usr via symlinks
--setup-hook='for d in bin sbin lib; do ln -s usr/$d "$1/$d"; mkdir -p "$1/usr/$d"; done'
--setup-hook='for d in bin sbin lib; do ln -s usr/$d "$1/$d";
mkdir -p "$1/usr/$d"; done'
Example: Setup chroot for installing a sub-essential busybox-based chroot with
--variant=custom --include=dpkg,busybox,libc-bin,base-files,base-passwd,debianutils
--variant=custom
--include=dpkg,busybox,libc-bin,base-files,base-passwd,debianutils
--setup-hook='mkdir -p "$1/bin"'
--setup-hook='for p in awk cat chmod chown cp diff echo env grep less ln mkdir mount rm rmdir sed sh sleep sort touch uname; do ln -s busybox "$1/bin/$p"; done'
--setup-hook='for p in awk cat chmod chown cp diff echo env grep less ln
mkdir mount rm rmdir sed sh sleep sort touch uname; do
ln -s busybox "$1/bin/$p"; done'
--setup-hook='echo root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/sh > "$1/etc/passwd"'
--setup-hook='printf "root:x:0:\nmail:x:8:\nutmp:x:43:\n" > "$1/etc/group"'
@ -3748,12 +3753,16 @@ more information.
Example: Enable unattended upgrades
--essential-hook='echo unattended-upgrades unattended-upgrades/enable_auto_updates boolean true | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
--essential-hook='echo unattended-upgrades
unattended-upgrades/enable_auto_updates boolean true
| chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
Example: Select Europe/Berlin as the timezone
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Areas select Europe | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Areas select Europe
| chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin
| chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
=item B<--customize-hook>=I<command>
@ -3764,7 +3773,8 @@ B<HOOKS> for more information.
Example: Preparing a chroot for use with autopkgtest
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete root'
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user'
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user
--create-home user'
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete user'
--customize-hook='echo host > "$1/etc/hostname"'
--customize-hook='echo "127.0.0.1 localhost host" > "$1/etc/hosts"'
@ -3898,7 +3908,8 @@ The B<minbase> set plus build-essential.
=item B<important>, B<debootstrap>, B<->
The B<required> set plus all packages with Priority:important. This is the default of debootstrap.
The B<required> set plus all packages with Priority:important. This is the
default of debootstrap.
=item B<standard>
@ -4019,7 +4030,8 @@ If you don't want this behaviour, you can override it by manually specifying a
mirror in various different ways:
$ mmdebstrap stable stable-chroot.tar http://deb.debian.org/debian
$ mmdebstrap stable stable-chroot.tar "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main"
$ mmdebstrap stable stable-chroot.tar \
"deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main"
$ mmdebstrap stable stable-chroot.tar /path/to/sources.list
$ mmdebstrap stable stable-chroot.tar - < /path/to/sources.list
@ -4049,7 +4061,8 @@ Use as replacement for autopkgtest-build-qemu and vmdb2:
$ mmdebstrap --variant=important --include=linux-image-amd64 \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete root' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user
--create-home user' \
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete user' \
--customize-hook='echo host > "$1/etc/hostname"' \
--customize-hook='echo "127.0.0.1 localhost host" > "$1/etc/hosts"' \
@ -4076,7 +4089,8 @@ Use as replacement for autopkgtest-build-qemu and vmdb2:
Build a non-Debian chroot like Ubuntu bionic:
$ mmdebstrap --aptopt='Dir::Etc::Trusted "/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-keyring-2012-archive.gpg"' bionic bionic.tar
$ mmdebstrap --aptopt='Dir::Etc::Trusted
"/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-keyring-2012-archive.gpg"' bionic bionic.tar
=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
@ -4097,7 +4111,7 @@ This section lists some differences to debootstrap.
=item * 3-6 times faster
=item * Can create a chroot with only C<Essential:yes> packages and their dependencie s
=item * Can create a chroot with only C<Essential:yes> packages and their deps
=item * Reproducible output by default if $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is set
@ -4119,7 +4133,9 @@ Limitations in comparison to debootstrap:
=item * No I<--second-stage> and I<--exclude> option.
=item * No-op options I<--resolve-deps>, I<--force-check-gpg>, I<--merged-usr> and I<--no-merged-usr>
=item * Some debootstrap options don't exist, namely:
I<--resolve-deps>, I<--force-check-gpg>, I<--merged-usr> and I<--no-merged-usr>
=back
