Add support for elxr

eLxr is a debian derative based on Debian 12. We use
mmdebstrap to bootstrap our edge images. This patch
allows users to use the correct mirror, and right
suite when bootstrapping eLxr.

Signed-off-by: Charles Short <charles.short@windriver.com>

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,16 +1,3 @@
-1.5.4 (2024-10-28)
-------------------
-
- - do not generate apt sources.list entry if SUITE is empty
-
-1.5.3 (2024-09-13)
-------------------
-
- - tidy up any zombie processes
- - chrootless hurd-i386
- - add --skip=cleanup/reproducible/machine-id
- - m-a-b-q: replace test_installed by dpkg-checkbuilddeps
-
 1.5.2 (2024-06-26)
 ------------------
 

coverage.py

@@ -362,21 +362,6 @@ def main():
             check=False,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         ).stdout.decode()
-        shfmt = subprocess.run(
-            [
-                "shfmt",
-                "--posix",
-                "--binary-next-line",
-                "--case-indent",
-                "--indent",
-                "2",
-                "--simplify",
-                "-d",
-                "shared/test.sh",
-            ],
-            check=False,
-            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
-        ).stdout.decode()
         argv = None
         match test:
             case "qemu":
@@ -426,11 +411,9 @@ def main():
         acc_time_per_test[name].append(walltime)
         print(separator, file=sys.stderr)
         print(f"duration: {walltime}", file=sys.stderr)
-        if proc.returncode != 0 or shellcheck != "" or shfmt != "":
+        if proc.returncode != 0 or shellcheck != "":
             if shellcheck != "":
                 print(shellcheck)
-            if shfmt != "":
-                print(shfmt)
             failed.append(formated_test_name)
             print("result: FAILURE", file=sys.stderr)
         else:

coverage.sh

@@ -7,15 +7,14 @@ set -eu
 : "${CMD:=perl -MDevel::Cover=-silent,-nogcov ./mmdebstrap}"
 
 case "$CMD" in
-  "mmdebstrap "* | mmdebstrap | *" mmdebstrap" | *" mmdebstrap "*)
+	"mmdebstrap "*|mmdebstrap|*" mmdebstrap"|*" mmdebstrap "*)
-    MMSCRIPT="$(command -v mmdebstrap 2>/dev/null)"
+		MMSCRIPT="$(command -v mmdebstrap 2>/dev/null)";;
-    ;;
+	*)	MMSCRIPT=./mmdebstrap;;
-  *) MMSCRIPT=./mmdebstrap ;;
 esac
 
 if [ -e "$MMSCRIPT" ]; then
 	TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
-  perltidy <"$MMSCRIPT" >"$TMPFILE"
+	perltidy < "$MMSCRIPT" > "$TMPFILE"
 	ret=0
 	diff -u "$MMSCRIPT" "$TMPFILE" || ret=$?
 	if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
@@ -42,8 +41,6 @@ done
 
 shellcheck --exclude=SC2016 coverage.sh make_mirror.sh run_null.sh run_qemu.sh gpgvnoexpkeysig mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu hooks/*/*.sh
 
-shfmt --binary-next-line --case-indent --indent 2 --simplify -d coverage.sh make_mirror.sh run_null.sh run_qemu.sh mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu gpgvnoexpkeysig
-
 mirrordir="./shared/cache/debian"
 
 if [ ! -e "$mirrordir" ]; then
@@ -88,7 +85,7 @@ if [ -e shared/cover_db.img ]; then
 	# produce report inside the VM to make sure that the versions match or
 	# otherwise we might get:
 	# Can't read shared/cover_db/runs/1598213854.252.64287/cover.14 with Sereal: Sereal: Error: Bad Sereal header: Not a valid Sereal document. at offset 1 of input at srl_decoder.c line 600 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30/Devel/Cover/DB/IO/Sereal.pm line 34, <$fh> chunk 1.
-  cat <<END >shared/test.sh
+	cat << END > shared/test.sh
 cover -nogcov -report html_basic cover_db >&2
 mkdir -p report
 for f in common.js coverage.html cover.css css.js mmdebstrap--branch.html mmdebstrap--condition.html mmdebstrap.html mmdebstrap--subroutine.html standardista-table-sorting.js; do
@@ -108,7 +105,7 @@ END
 fi
 
 # check if the wiki has to be updated with pod2markdown output
-if [ "${DEBEMAIL-}" = "josch@debian.org" ]; then
+if [ "${DEBEMAIL:-}" = "josch@debian.org" ]; then
 	bash -exc "diff -u <(curl --silent https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/mmdebstrap/wiki/raw/Home | dos2unix; echo) <(pod2markdown < mmdebstrap)" || :
 fi
 

coverage.txt

@@ -430,8 +430,3 @@ Modes: root unshare
 
 Test: skip-tar-in-mknod
 Modes: unshare
-
-Test: zombie-reaping
-Modes: unshare
-
-Test: empty-suite

gpgvnoexpkeysig

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ find_gpgv_status_fd() {
 GPGSTATUSFD="$(find_gpgv_status_fd "$@")"
 
 case $GPGSTATUSFD in
-  '' | *[!0-9]*)
+	''|*[!0-9]*)
 		echo "invalid --status-fd argument" >&2
 		exit 1
 		;;

make_mirror.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ set -eu
 
 deletecache() {
 	dir="$1"
-  echo "running deletecache $dir" >&2
+	echo "running deletecache $dir">&2
 	if [ ! -e "$dir" ]; then
 		return
 	fi
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ deletecache() {
 		else
 			echo "does not exist: $dir/debian/dists/$dist" >&2
 		fi
-    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
+		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
 			if [ -e "$dir/debian/dists/$dist-updates" ]; then
 				rm --one-file-system --recursive "$dir/debian/dists/$dist-updates"
 			else
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ deletecache() {
 			fi
 			;;
 		esac
-    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
+		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
 			if [ -e "$dir/debian-security/dists/$dist-security" ]; then
 				rm --one-file-system --recursive "$dir/debian-security/dists/$dist-security"
 			else
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ update_cache() (
 	done
 
 	# read sources.list content from stdin
-  cat >"$rootdir/etc/apt/sources.list"
+	cat > "$rootdir/etc/apt/sources.list"
 
-  cat <<END >"$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf"
+	cat << END > "$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf"
 Apt::Architecture "$nativearch";
 Apt::Architectures "$nativearch";
 Dir::Etc "$rootdir/etc/apt";
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ Dir::Etc::TrustedParts "/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d";
 Acquire::http::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:8080/";
 END
 
-  : >"$rootdir/var/lib/dpkg/status"
+	: > "$rootdir/var/lib/dpkg/status"
 
 	if [ "$dist" = "$DEFAULT_DIST" ] && [ "$nativearch" = "$HOSTARCH" ] && [ "$USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG" = "yes" ]; then
 		# we append sources and settings instead of overwriting after
 		# an empty line
 		for f in /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*; do
 			[ -e "$f" ] || continue
-      [ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >>"$rootdir/$f"
+			[ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >> "$rootdir/$f"
 			# Filter out file:// repositories as they are added
 			# to each mmdebstrap call verbatim by
 			# debian/tests/copy_host_apt_config
@@ -195,17 +195,17 @@ END
 			if [ "$dist" = unstable ]; then
 				grep -v ' file://' "$f" \
 					| grep -E " (unstable|experimental) " \
-            >>"$rootdir/$f" || :
+					>> "$rootdir/$f" || :
 			else
 				grep -v ' file://' "$f" \
 					| grep " $DEFAULT_DIST " \
-            >>"$rootdir/$f" || :
+					>> "$rootdir/$f" || :
 			fi
 		done
 		for f in /etc/apt/preferences.d/*; do
 			[ -e "$f" ] || continue
-      [ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >>"$rootdir/$f"
+			[ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >> "$rootdir/$f"
-      cat "$f" >>"$rootdir/$f"
+			cat "$f" >> "$rootdir/$f"
 		done
 	fi
 
@@ -322,14 +322,8 @@ if [ "$FORCE_UPDATE" != "yes" ] && [ -e "$oldmirrordir/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRel
 	http_code=$(curl --output /dev/null --silent --location --head --time-cond "$oldmirrordir/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRelease" --write-out '%{http_code}' "$mirror/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRelease")
 	case "$http_code" in
 		200) ;; # need update
-    304)
+		304) echo up-to-date; exit 0;;
-      echo up-to-date
+		*) echo "unexpected status: $http_code"; exit 1;;
-      exit 0
-      ;;
-    *)
-      echo "unexpected status: $http_code"
-      exit 1
-      ;;
 	esac
 fi
 
@@ -383,8 +377,8 @@ for dist in oldstable stable testing unstable; do
 		echo "deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist $components" | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
 		# we need to include the base mirror again or otherwise
 		# packages like build-essential will be missing
-    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
+		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
-      cat <<END | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
+			cat << END | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist $components
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist-updates main
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $security_mirror $dist-security main
@@ -392,7 +386,7 @@ END
 				;;
 		esac
 	done
-  codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' <"$newmirrordir/dists/$dist/InRelease")
+	codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' < "$newmirrordir/dists/$dist/InRelease")
 	ln -s "$dist" "$newmirrordir/dists/$codename"
 
 	# split the InRelease file into Release and Release.gpg not because apt
@@ -459,7 +453,7 @@ if [ "$HAVE_QEMU" = "yes" ]; then
 	tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
 	trap 'kill "$PROXYPID" || :;cleanuptmpdir; cleanup_newcachedir' EXIT INT TERM
 
-  pkgs=perl-doc,systemd-sysv,perl,arch-test,fakechroot,fakeroot,mount,uidmap,qemu-user-binfmt,dpkg-dev,mini-httpd,libdevel-cover-perl,libtemplate-perl,debootstrap,procps,apt-cudf,aspcud,python3,libcap2-bin,gpg,debootstrap,distro-info-data,iproute2,ubuntu-keyring,apt-utils,squashfs-tools-ng,genext2fs,linux-image-generic,passwd,e2fsprogs,uuid-runtime
+	pkgs=perl-doc,systemd-sysv,perl,arch-test,fakechroot,fakeroot,mount,uidmap,qemu-user-static,qemu-user,dpkg-dev,mini-httpd,libdevel-cover-perl,libtemplate-perl,debootstrap,procps,apt-cudf,aspcud,python3,libcap2-bin,gpg,debootstrap,distro-info-data,iproute2,ubuntu-keyring,apt-utils,squashfs-tools-ng,genext2fs,linux-image-generic,passwd,e2fsprogs,uuid-runtime
 	if [ ! -e ./mmdebstrap ]; then
 		pkgs="$pkgs,mmdebstrap"
 	fi
@@ -477,7 +471,7 @@ if [ "$HAVE_QEMU" = "yes" ]; then
 		esac
 	fi
 
-  cat <<END >"$tmpdir/mmdebstrap.service"
+	cat << END > "$tmpdir/mmdebstrap.service"
 [Unit]
 Description=mmdebstrap worker script
 
@@ -496,7 +490,7 @@ END
 	# filesystem that doesn't support ownership information at all and a umask that
 	# gives read/write access to everybody.
 	# https://github.com/pjcj/Devel--Cover/issues/223
-  cat <<'END' >"$tmpdir/worker.sh"
+	cat << 'END' > "$tmpdir/worker.sh"
 #!/bin/sh
 echo 'root:root' | chpasswd
 mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,access=any,msize=128k mmdebstrap /mnt

mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu

@@ -202,14 +202,14 @@ positional_7() {
 
 while test "$#" -gt 0; do
 	case "$1" in
-    --architecture=* | --arch=* | --boot=* | --keyring=* | --mirror=* | --script=* | --size=*)
+		--architecture=*|--arch=*|--boot=*|--keyring=*|--mirror=*|--script=*|--size=*)
 			optname="${1%%=*}"
 			"opt_${optname#--}" "${1#*=}"
 		;;
 		--apt-proxy=*)
 			opt_apt_proxy "${1#*=}"
 		;;
-    --architecture | --arch | --boot | --keyring | --mirror | --script | --size)
+		--architecture|--arch|--boot|--keyring|--mirror|--script|--size)
 			test "$#" -ge 2 || usage_error "missing argument for $1"
 			"opt_${1#--}" "$2"
 			shift
@@ -234,8 +234,8 @@ while test "$#" -gt 0; do
 done
 
 test -z "$RELEASE" -o -z "$IMAGE" && usage_error "missing positional arguments"
-test "$BOOT" = efi \
+test "$BOOT" = efi ||
-  || die "this tool does not support boot modes other than efi"
+	die "this tool does not support boot modes other than efi"
 
 case "$ARCHITECTURE" in
 	amd64)
@@ -289,11 +289,11 @@ case $arches in
 	*) die "enable $ARCHITECTURE by running: sudo dpkg --add-architecture $ARCHITECTURE && sudo apt update" ;;
 esac
 
-test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "dpkg-dev")" = installed \
+test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "dpkg-dev")" = installed ||
-  || die "please install dpkg-dev"
+	die "please install dpkg-dev"
 
-dpkg-checkbuilddeps -d "autopkgtest, dosfstools, e2fsprogs, fdisk, mount, mtools, passwd, uidmap, libarchive13, systemd-boot-efi:$ARCHITECTURE $BINUTILS" /dev/null \
+dpkg-checkbuilddeps -d "autopkgtest, dosfstools, e2fsprogs, fdisk, mount, mtools, passwd, uidmap, libarchive13, systemd-boot-efi:$ARCHITECTURE $BINUTILS" /dev/null ||
-  || die "please install the required packages listed above"
+	die "please install the required packages listed above"
 
 BOOTSTUB="/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/linux${EFIIMG#boot}.stub"
 
@@ -307,8 +307,8 @@ trap cleanup EXIT INT TERM QUIT
 
 WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d)
 
-FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS=$((1024 * 2))
+FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS=$((1024*2))
-FAT_SIZE_SECTORS=$((1024 * 254))
+FAT_SIZE_SECTORS=$((1024*254))
 
 # The image is raw and not in qcow2 format because:
 #  - faster run-time as the "qemu-image convert" step is not needed
@@ -326,9 +326,8 @@ set -- \
 	--variant=important \
 	--architecture="$ARCHITECTURE"
 
-case $MIRROR in http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/* | https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/*)
+case $MIRROR in http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/*|https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/*)
-  set -- "$@" --aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"'
+	set -- "$@" --aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"';;
-  ;;
 esac
 
 EXT_FEATURES=
@@ -373,8 +372,8 @@ mmdebstrap "$@" | {
 	if test -n "$EXT_FEATURES"; then
 		set -- "$@" -O "$EXT_FEATURES"
 	fi
-  EXTOPTS="offset=$(((FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS + FAT_SIZE_SECTORS) * 512))"
+	EXTOPTS="offset=$(( (FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS + FAT_SIZE_SECTORS) * 512))"
-  if test -n "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-}"; then
+	if test -n "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH:-}"; then
 		uuid="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace='@dns' --name mister-muffin.de)" --name "$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH")"
 		set -- "$@" -U "$uuid"
 		EXTOPTS="$EXTOPTS,hash_seed=$uuid"
@@ -384,25 +383,26 @@ mmdebstrap "$@" | {
 	/sbin/mke2fs "$@"
 }
 
-echo "root=LABEL=autopkgtestvm rw console=ttyS0" >"$WORKDIR/cmdline"
+
+echo "root=LABEL=autopkgtestvm rw console=ttyS0" > "$WORKDIR/cmdline"
 
 align_size() {
-  echo "$((($1) + ($2) - 1 - (($1) + ($2) - 1) % ($2)))"
+	echo "$(( ($1) + ($2) - 1 - (($1) + ($2) - 1) % ($2) ))"
 }
 
 alignment=$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -p "$BOOTSTUB" | sed 's/^SectionAlignment\s\+\([0-9]\)/0x/;t;d')
 test -z "$alignment" && die "failed to discover the alignment of the efi stub"
 echo "determined efi vma alignment as $alignment"
-test "$RELEASE" = jessie -a "$((alignment))" -lt "$((1024 * 1024))" && {
+test "$RELEASE" = jessie -a "$((alignment))" -lt "$((1024*1024))" && {
 	echo "increasing efi vma alignment for jessie"
-  alignment=$((1024 * 1024))
+	alignment=$((1024*1024))
 }
 lastoffset=0
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034  # unused variables serve documentation
-lastoffset="$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -h "$BOOTSTUB" \
+lastoffset="$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -h "$BOOTSTUB" |
-  | while read -r idx name size vma lma fileoff algn behind; do
+	while read -r idx name size vma lma fileoff algn behind; do
 		test -z "$behind" -a "${algn#"2**"}" != "$algn" || continue
-    offset=$((0x$vma + 0x$size))
+		offset=$(( 0x$vma + 0x$size ))
 		test "$offset" -gt "$lastoffset" || continue
 		lastoffset="$offset"
 		echo "$lastoffset"
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ mcopy -i "$WORKDIR/fat" "$WORKDIR/efiimg" "::EFI/BOOT/$EFIIMG"
 
 rm -f "$WORKDIR/efiimg"
 
-truncate --size="+$((34 * 512))" "$IMAGE"
+truncate --size="+$((34*512))" "$IMAGE"
 /sbin/sfdisk "$IMAGE" <<EOF
 label: gpt
 unit: sectors

run_null.sh

@@ -26,22 +26,13 @@ done
 # - Read fd 3 and let the group exit with that value
 # - Redirect fd 4 to stdout
 ret=0
-{
+{ { { {
-  {
+        ret=0;
-    {
+        ( exec 3>&- 4>&-; env --chdir=./shared $SUDO sh -x ./test.sh 2>&1) || ret=$?;
-      {
+        echo $ret >&3;
-        ret=0
+      } | tee shared/output.txt >&4;
-        (
+    } 3>&1;
-          exec 3>&- 4>&-
+  } | { read -r xs; exit "$xs"; }
-          env --chdir=./shared $SUDO sh -x ./test.sh 2>&1
-        ) || ret=$?
-        echo $ret >&3
-      } | tee shared/output.txt >&4
-    } 3>&1
-  } | {
-    read -r xs
-    exit "$xs"
-  }
 } 4>&1 || ret=$?
 if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
 	echo "test.sh failed"

run_qemu.sh

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ cleanup() {
 
 trap cleanup INT TERM EXIT
 
-echo 1 >shared/exitstatus.txt
+echo 1 > shared/exitstatus.txt
 if [ -e shared/output.txt ]; then
 	rm shared/output.txt
 fi

tarfilter

@@ -218,11 +218,8 @@ Lastly, shift user id and group id of each entry by the value given by the
         skip = False
         if not hasattr(args, "pathfilter"):
             return False
-        # normalize path and make it absolute by stripping off all leading
-        # dots and slashes and then prepending a slash
-        name = "/" + member.name.lstrip("./")
         for t, r in args.pathfilter:
-            if r.match(name) is not None:
+            if r.match(member.name[1:]) is not None:
                 if t == "path_include":
                     skip = False
                 else:
@@ -233,7 +230,7 @@ Lastly, shift user id and group id of each entry by the value given by the
                     continue
                 prefix = prefix_prog.sub(r"\1", r.pattern)
                 prefix = prefix.rstrip("/")
-                if name.startswith(prefix):
+                if member.name[1:].startswith(prefix):
                     return False
         return skip
 

tests/apt-patterns-custom

@@ -6,7 +6,4 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 	--include '?narrow(?archive(^{{ DIST }}$),?essential)' \
 	--include apt \
 	{{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-{
+{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar; echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states; } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
-  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-  echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states
-} | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/aptopt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/config" EXIT INT TERM
-echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' >/tmp/config
+echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' > /tmp/config
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"' --aptopt=/tmp/config {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 printf 'Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false";\nAcquire::Languages "none";\n' | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap

tests/arm64-without-qemu-support

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
-apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
+apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
 # the following is not necessary anymore since systemd-binfmt
 # successfully disables support upon removal of qemu-user with
 # the upload of src:systemd 251.2-4: https://bugs.debian.org/1012163

tests/as-debootstrap-unshare-wrapper

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ AUTOPROXY=
 eval "$(apt-config shell AUTOPROXY Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect)"
 if [ -n "$AUTOPROXY" ] && [ -x "$AUTOPROXY" ] && [ -e /tmp/.auto-apt-proxy-0 ]; then
 	TMP_APT_CONFIG=$(mktemp)
-  echo 'Dir "/dev/null";' >"$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
+	echo "Dir \"/dev/null\";" > "$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
 	chmod 644 "$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
 fi
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ for f in shadow shadow-; do
 	fi
 	if ! cmp /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/$f /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f >&2; then
 		echo patching /etc/$f >&2
-    awk -v FS=: -v OFS=: -v SDE={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} '{ print $1,$2,int(SDE/60/60/24),$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9 }' </tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
+		awk -v FS=: -v OFS=: -v SDE={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} '{ print $1,$2,int(SDE/60/60/24),$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9 }' < /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f > /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
-    cat /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak >/tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f
+		cat /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak > /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f
 		rm /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
 	else
 		echo no difference for /etc/$f >&2
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ done
 # unshared wrapper. The responsible postinst snippet was automatically added
 # by dh_apparmor since isc-dhcp-client 4.4.3-P1-1.1
 if [ -e /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient ] && [ ! -s /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient ]; then
-  echo /sbin/setcap >/tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient
+	echo /sbin/setcap > /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient
 fi
 
 # check if the file content differs
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ for d in ./var/lib/apt/lists/partial ./var/cache/apt/archives/partial; do
 done
 tar -C /tmp/debian-debootstrap --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root1.tar .
 tar -C /tmp/debian-mm --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root2.tar .
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar >/tmp/root1.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar > /tmp/root1.tar.list
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar >/tmp/root2.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar > /tmp/root2.tar.list
 # despite SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH and --clamp-mtime, the timestamps in the tarball
 # will slightly differ from each other in the sub-second precision (last
 # decimals) so the tarballs will not be identical, so we use diff to compare

tests/aspcud-apt-solver

@@ -3,12 +3,9 @@ set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=custom \
-  --include "$(tr '\n' ',' <pkglist.txt)" \
+    --include "$(tr '\n' ',' < pkglist.txt)" \
     --aptopt='APT::Solver "aspcud"' \
     {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-{
+{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar; echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states; } | sort \
-  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-  echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states
-} | sort \
     | grep -v '^./etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap$' \
     | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/automatic-mirror-from-suite

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
-cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
+cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS

tests/check-against-debootstrap-dist

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ echo "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --mode={{ MODE }} \
 	--essential-hook='[ {{ DIST }} = oldstable ] && [ {{ VARIANT }} = - ] && echo _apt:*:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin >> "$1"/etc/passwd || :' \
 	"$(if [ {{ DIST }} = oldstable ]; then echo --merged-usr; else echo --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr; fi)" \
-  "$(case {{ DIST }} in oldstable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata,gcc-9-base ;; stable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata ;; *) echo --include=base-files ;; esac)" \
+	"$(case {{ DIST }} in oldstable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata,gcc-9-base;; stable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata;; *) echo --include=base-files ;; esac )" \
 	{{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 
 mkdir /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm
@@ -79,12 +79,12 @@ rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/cmethopt
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/arch
 # since we installed packages directly from the .deb files, Priorities differ
 # thus we first check for equality and then remove the files
-chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap dpkg --list >/tmp/dpkg1
+chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap dpkg --list > /tmp/dpkg1
-chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm dpkg --list >/tmp/dpkg2
+chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm dpkg --list > /tmp/dpkg2
 diff -u /tmp/dpkg1 /tmp/dpkg2 >&2
 rm /tmp/dpkg1 /tmp/dpkg2
-grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status >/tmp/status1
+grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status > /tmp/status1
-grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status >/tmp/status2
+grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status > /tmp/status2
 diff -u /tmp/status1 /tmp/status2 >&2
 rm /tmp/status1 /tmp/status2
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status
@@ -109,7 +109,6 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
 	rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database
 	rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database
 
-  case {{ DIST }} in oldstable | stable)
 	cap=$(chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap /sbin/getcap /bin/ping)
 	expected="/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep"
 	if [ "$cap" != "$expected" ]; then
@@ -123,10 +122,7 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
 		echo "but mmdebstrap produced: $cap" >&2
 		exit 1
 	fi
-    ;;
-  esac
 fi
-
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/apt/extended_states
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/apt/lists/lock
@@ -167,7 +163,7 @@ for log in faillog lastlog; do
 	if [ ! -e "$f1" ] && [ ! -e "$f2" ]; then
 		continue
 	fi
-  if ! cmp "$f1" "$f2" >&2; then
+	if ! cmp "$f1" "$f2" >&2;then
 		# if the files differ, make sure they are all zeroes
 		cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "$f1")" "$f1" /dev/zero >&2
 		cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "$f2")" "$f2" /dev/zero >&2
@@ -181,7 +177,7 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
 	# of lines in /etc/group and /etc/gshadow differs
 	for f in group group- gshadow gshadow-; do
 		for d in mm debootstrap; do
-      sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
+			sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f > /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
 			mv /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f
 		done
 	done
@@ -189,7 +185,7 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
 	# the order of lines in /etc/shadow and /etc/shadow- differs
 	for f in shadow shadow-; do
 		for d in mm debootstrap; do
-      sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
+			sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f > /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
 			mv /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f
 		done
 	done
@@ -211,7 +207,7 @@ fi
 # starting with systemd 255 upstream dropped splitusr support and depending on
 # the installation order, symlink targets are prefixed with /usr or not
 # See #1060000 and #1054137
-case {{ DIST }} in testing | unstable)
+case {{ DIST }} in testing|unstable)
 	for f in multi-user.target.wants/e2scrub_reap.service timers.target.wants/apt-daily-upgrade.timer timers.target.wants/apt-daily.timer timers.target.wants/e2scrub_all.timer; do
 		for d in mm debootstrap; do
 			[ -L "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/systemd/system/$f" ] || continue
@@ -219,10 +215,7 @@ case {{ DIST }} in testing | unstable)
 			case $oldlink in
 				/usr/*) : ;;
 				/*) oldlink="/usr$oldlink" ;;
-        *)
+				*) echo unexpected >&2; exit 1 ;;
-          echo unexpected >&2
-          exit 1
-          ;;
 			esac
 			ln -sf "$oldlink" "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/systemd/system/$f"
 		done
@@ -244,8 +237,8 @@ for d in ./var/lib/apt/lists/partial ./var/cache/apt/archives/partial; do
 done
 tar -C /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root1.tar .
 tar -C /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root2.tar .
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar >/tmp/root1.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar > /tmp/root1.tar.list
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar >/tmp/root2.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar > /tmp/root2.tar.list
 diff -u /tmp/root1.tar.list /tmp/root2.tar.list >&2
 rm /tmp/root1.tar /tmp/root2.tar /tmp/root1.tar.list /tmp/root2.tar.list
 

tests/check-for-bit-by-bit-identical-format-output

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.{{ FORMAT }}" EXIT INT TERM
 
-case {{ MODE }} in unshare | fakechroot) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
+case {{ MODE }} in unshare|fakechroot) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 prefix=
 if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then

tests/chrootless-fakeroot

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'apt,build-essential' 'systemd-sysv'; do
 		${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
 		{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
 		| "$MMTARFILTER" --path-exclude="/var/log/journal" --path-exclude="/etc/credstore*" \
-      >/tmp/chrootless.tar
+		> /tmp/chrootless.tar
 	cmp /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar || diffoscope /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar
 	rm /tmp/chrootless.tar /tmp/root.tar
 done

tests/chrootless-foreign

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ fi
 
 deb2qemu() {
 	case "$1" in
-    amd64) echo x86_64 ;;
+		amd64) echo x86_64;;
-    arm64) echo aarch64 ;;
+		arm64) echo aarch64;;
-    armel | armhf) echo arm ;;
+		armel|armhf) echo arm;;
-    ppc64el) echo ppc64le ;;
+		ppc64el) echo ppc64le;;
-    *) echo "$1" ;;
+		*) echo "$1";;
 	esac
 }
 if [ "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" = "arm64" ]; then
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ fi
 [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]
 [ -e "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")" ]
 
+
 # we need --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr because usrmerge does not understand
 # DPKG_ROOT
 #
@@ -35,12 +36,12 @@ fi
 # its own architecture as the native architecture, see #825385 and #1020533
 # So we are not testing the installation of apt,build-essential here.
 for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'systemd-sysv'; do
-  echo 1 >"/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
+	echo 1 > "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
 	arch-test "$arch"
 	{{ CMD }} --mode=root --architecture="$arch" --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
 		--hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
 		{{ DIST }} "/tmp/root.tar" {{ MIRROR }}
-  echo 0 >"/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
+	echo 0 > "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
 	arch-test "$arch" && exit 1
 	{{ CMD }} --mode=chrootless --architecture="$arch" --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
 		--hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
@@ -52,13 +53,14 @@ for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'systemd-sysv'; do
 	#  * /var/lib/dpkg/triggers -- #990712
 	#  * /var/cache/debconf/*.dat-old -- needs investigation
 	for tar in root chrootless; do
-    ./tarfilter <"/tmp/$tar.tar" \
+		<"/tmp/$tar.tar" \
+		./tarfilter \
 			--path-exclude=/var/cache/debconf/config.dat-old \
 			--path-exclude=/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat-old \
 			--path-exclude=/etc/ld.so.cache \
 			--path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/triggers/File \
 			--path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/triggers/ldconfig \
-      >"/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp"
+			> "/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp"
 		mv "/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp" "/tmp/$tar.tar"
 	done
 	cmp /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar || diffoscope /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar

tests/compare-output-with-pre-seeded-var-cache-apt-archives

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
 	--setup-hook='mkdir -p "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
 	--setup-hook='touch "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock' \
 	--setup-hook='chmod 0640 "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock' \
-  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/orig.tar
+	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/orig.tar
 # somehow, when trying to create a tarball from the 9p mount, tar throws the
 # following error: tar: ./doc-debian_6.4_all.deb: File shrank by 132942 bytes; padding with zeros
 # to reproduce, try: tar --directory /mnt/cache/debian/pool/main/d/doc-debian/ --create --file - . | tar --directory /tmp/ --extract --file -
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ cp /mnt/cache/debian/pool/main/b/busybox/busybox_*"_{{ HOSTARCH }}.deb" /mnt/cac
 {{ CMD }} $include --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
 	--setup-hook='mkdir -p "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
 	--setup-hook='sync-in "'"$tmpdir"'" /var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
-  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/test1.tar
+	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/test1.tar
 cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test1.tar
 {{ CMD }} $include --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
 	--customize-hook='touch "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test1.tar
 	--setup-hook='sync-in "'"$tmpdir"'" /var/cache/apt/archives/' \
 	--setup-hook='chmod 0755 "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/' \
 	--customize-hook='find "'"$tmpdir"'" -type f -exec md5sum "{}" \; | sed "s|"'"$tmpdir"'"|$1/var/cache/apt/archives|" | md5sum --check' \
-  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/test2.tar
+	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/test2.tar
 cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test2.tar

tests/create-directory

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot" EXIT INT TERM
 
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query --showformat '${binary:Package}\n' --show >pkglist.txt
+chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query --showformat '${binary:Package}\n' --show > pkglist.txt
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort >tar1.txt
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort > tar1.txt

tests/create-foreign-tarball

@@ -38,8 +38,7 @@ $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures="$foreign_arch
 	{{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 # we ignore differences between architectures by ignoring some files
 # and renaming others
-{
+{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./lib64$' \
@@ -54,10 +53,10 @@ $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures="$foreign_arch
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$' \
 	| sed "s/$foreign_gnu/$native_gnu/" \
-    | sed "s/$foreign_arch/$native_arch/"
+	| sed "s/$foreign_arch/$native_arch/";
-} | sort >/tmp/tar2.txt
+} | sort > /tmp/tar2.txt
-{
+{ < tar1.txt \
-  grep <tar1.txt -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
+	grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./lib32$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./lib64$' \
@@ -73,6 +72,6 @@ $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures="$foreign_arch
 	| grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$native_gnu/perl/5\\.[0-9][.0-9]\\+/.*\\.ph$" \
 	| grep -v "^\\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\\+/changelog\\(\\.Debian\\)\\?\\.$native_arch\\.gz$" \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
-    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$'
+	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$';
 } | sort | diff -u - /tmp/tar2.txt >&2
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/tar2.txt

tests/create-tarball-dry-run

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != root ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != auto ];
 	fi
 	prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 	if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = extract ] || [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = custom ]; then
-    include="$(tr '\n' ',' <pkglist.txt)"
+		include="$(tr '\n' ',' < pkglist.txt)"
 	fi
 fi
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --include="$include" --dry-run --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}

tests/custom-tmpdir

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ fi
 prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 
 # https://www.etalabs.net/sh_tricks.html
-quote() { printf %s\\n "$1" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/'/"; }
+quote () { printf %s\\n "$1" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/'/" ; }
 homedir=$($prefix sh -c 'cd && pwd')
 # apt:test/integration/test-apt-key
-TMPDIR_ADD='This is fü$$ing cràzy, $(apt -v)$!'
+TMPDIR_ADD="This is fü\$\$ing cràzy, \$(apt -v)\$!"
 $prefix mkdir "$homedir/$TMPDIR_ADD"
 # make sure the unshared user can traverse into the TMPDIR
 chmod 711 "$homedir"

tests/customize-hook

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/customize.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/customize.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/customize.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 chroot "$1" whoami > "$1/output2"
 chroot "$1" pwd >> "$1/output2"

tests/deb822-1-2

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/sources.list /tmp/deb822.sources" EXIT INT TERM
-cat <<SOURCES >/tmp/deb822.sources
+cat << SOURCES > /tmp/deb822.sources
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources.list
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources.list
 echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main" \
 	| {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
 		/tmp/debian-chroot \
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main" \
 		{{ MIRROR }}6 \
 		/tmp/sources.list
 test ! -e /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
-cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
+cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list -
+cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list -
 deb {{ MIRROR }}4 {{ DIST }} main
 
 deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main
@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
 		tar -t \
 			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources$" \
 			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list$" \
-      | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list"
+			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list";
-    printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n"
+		printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n";
 	} | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/deb822-2-2

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/sources /tmp/deb822" EXIT INT TERM
-cat <<SOURCES >/tmp/deb822
+cat << SOURCES > /tmp/deb822
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources
-cat <<SOURCES | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
+cat << SOURCES | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
 		/tmp/debian-chroot \
 		/tmp/deb822 \
 		- \
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ Components: main
 SOURCES
 test ! -e /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
 ls -lha /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
-cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
+cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources -
+cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}3
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
 		tar -t \
 			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources$" \
 			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources$" \
-      | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list$"
+			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list$";
-    printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n"
+		printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n";
 	} | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/debootstrap

@@ -12,5 +12,5 @@ if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
 	cat "$tmpdir/debootstrap/debootstrap.log"
 	exit 1
 fi
-tar --sort=name --mtime=@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH --clamp-mtime --numeric-owner --one-file-system --xattrs -C "$tmpdir" -c . >"./cache/debian-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar"
+tar --sort=name --mtime=@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH --clamp-mtime --numeric-owner --one-file-system --xattrs -C "$tmpdir" -c . > "./cache/debian-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar"
 rm -r "$tmpdir"

tests/debug

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 
 # we use variant standard in verbose mode to see the maximum number of packages
 # that was chosen in case of USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG=yes
-case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
+case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --debug {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 

tests/dev-ptmx

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
 fi
 
 # this mimics what apt does in apt-pkg/deb/dpkgpm.cc/pkgDPkgPM::StartPtyMagic()
-cat >/tmp/test.c <<'END'
+cat > /tmp/test.c << 'END'
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 
 #include <stdlib.h>

tests/dist-using-codename

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ trap "rm -f InRelease; rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/expected" EXIT INT TER
 /usr/lib/apt/apt-helper download-file "{{ MIRROR }}/dists/{{ DIST }}/InRelease" InRelease
 codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' InRelease)
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt "$codename" /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} $codename main" >/tmp/expected
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} $codename main" > /tmp/expected
 tar --to-stdout --extract --file /tmp/debian-chroot.tar ./etc/apt/sources.list \
 	| diff -u /tmp/expected -

tests/dpkgopt

@@ -2,13 +2,9 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/config" EXIT INT TERM
-echo no-pager >/tmp/config
+echo no-pager > /tmp/config
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --dpkgopt="path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/*" --dpkgopt=/tmp/config --dpkgopt="path-include=/usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright" {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 printf 'path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/*\nno-pager\npath-include=/usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright\n' | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort >tar2.txt
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort > tar2.txt
-{
+{ grep -v '^./usr/share/doc/.' tar1.txt; echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/; echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright; } | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt
-  grep -v '^./usr/share/doc/.' tar1.txt
-  echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/
-  echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright
-} | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt

tests/eatmydata-via-hook-dir

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
+cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 cat << EOF | diff - "\$1"/usr/bin/dpkg
@@ -12,24 +12,18 @@ EOF
 SCRIPT
 chmod +x /tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
 # first four bytes: magic
-elfheader='\177ELF'
+elfheader="\\177ELF"
 # fifth byte: bits
 case "$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH_BITS)" in
-  32) elfheader="$elfheader\\001" ;;
+	32) elfheader="$elfheader\\001";;
-  64) elfheader="$elfheader\\002" ;;
+	64) elfheader="$elfheader\\002";;
-  *)
+	*) echo "bits not supported"; exit 1;;
-    echo "bits not supported"
-    exit 1
-    ;;
 esac
 # sixth byte: endian
 case "$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH_ENDIAN)" in
-  little) elfheader="$elfheader\\001" ;;
+	little) elfheader="$elfheader\\001";;
-  big) elfheader="$elfheader\\002" ;;
+	big) elfheader="$elfheader\\002";;
-  *)
+	*) echo "endian not supported"; exit 1;;
-    echo "endian not supported"
-    exit 1
-    ;;
 esac
 # seventh and eigth byte: elf version (1) and abi (unset)
 elfheader="$elfheader\\001\\000"
@@ -40,7 +34,7 @@ elfheader="$elfheader\\001\\000"
 	--hook-dir=./hooks/eatmydata \
 	--customize-hook='printf "'"$elfheader"'" | cmp --bytes=8 - "$1"/usr/bin/dpkg' \
 	 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
+ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
 	 | tar -t \
 	 | sort \
 	 | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/empty-suite

@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -eu
-export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
-
-trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-
-{{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --verbose \
-  --setup-hook='echo deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main >> "$1"/etc/apt/sources.list' \
-  '' /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-
-cmp ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-  || diffoscope ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/essential-hook

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/essential.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/essential.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/essential.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 echo tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections
 SCRIPT

tests/fail-without-username-in-etc-subuid

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
-awk -F: '$1!="user"' /etc/subuid >/etc/subuid.tmp
+awk -F: '$1!="user"' /etc/subuid > /etc/subuid.tmp
 mv /etc/subuid.tmp /etc/subuid
 ret=0
 runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }} || ret=$?

tests/file-mirror-automount-hook

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	echo "this test requires the cache directory to be mounted on /mnt and should only be run inside a container" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
-if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && ! id -u user >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && ! id -u user > /dev/null 2>&1; then
 	useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
 fi
 prefix=

tests/hook-directory

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 for h in hookA hookB; do
 	mkdir /tmp/$h
 	for s in setup extract essential customize; do
-    cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
+		cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 echo $h/${s}00 >> "\$1/$s"
 SCRIPT
 		chmod +x /tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
-    cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/$h/${s}01.sh
+		cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/$h/${s}01.sh
 echo $h/${s}01 >> "\$1/$s"
 SCRIPT
 		chmod +x /tmp/$h/${s}01.sh

tests/i386-which-can-be-executed-without-qemu

@@ -6,12 +6,11 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	exit 1
 fi
 # remove qemu just to be sure
-apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
+apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures=i386 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 # we ignore differences between architectures by ignoring some files
 # and renaming others
-{
+{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/ld-linux\.so\.2$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux\.so\.2$' \
@@ -21,10 +20,10 @@ apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.i386\.gz$' \
 	| sed 's/i386-linux-gnu/x86_64-linux-gnu/' \
 	| sed 's/i386/amd64/' \
-    | sed 's/\/stubs-32.ph$/\/stubs-64.ph/'
+	| sed 's/\/stubs-32.ph$/\/stubs-64.ph/';
-} | sort >tar2.txt
+} | sort > tar2.txt
-{
+{ < tar1.txt \
-  grep <tar1.txt -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
+	grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib32/$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./lib32$' \
@@ -37,6 +36,6 @@ apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec\.so\.1$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.amd64\.gz$' \
 	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
-    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$'
+	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$';
 } | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt >&2
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/include-deb-file

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
 # otherwise apt might decide to download the package with the same name and
 # version from the cache instead of using the local .deb
 mkdir -p /tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN
-cat <<END >"/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
+cat << END > "/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
 Package: dummypkg
 Priority: optional
 Section: oldlibs

tests/include-foreign-libmagic-mgc

@@ -27,10 +27,7 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 	--architectures="$native_arch,$foreign_arch" \
 	--include="libmagic-mgc:$foreign_arch" \
 	{{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-{
+{ echo "$native_arch"; echo "$foreign_arch"; } | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
-  echo "$native_arch"
-  echo "$foreign_arch"
-} | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
 rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/"changelog.Debian.$foreign_arch.gz"

tests/include-foreign-libmagic-mgc-with-multiple-arch-options

@@ -28,10 +28,7 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 	--architectures="$foreign_arch" \
 	--include="libmagic-mgc:$foreign_arch" \
 	{{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-{
+{ echo "$native_arch"; echo "$foreign_arch"; } | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
-  echo "$native_arch"
-  echo "$foreign_arch"
-} | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
 rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/"changelog.Debian.$foreign_arch.gz"

tests/install-busybox-based-sub-essential-system

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pkgs=base-files,base-passwd,busybox,debianutils,dpkg,libc-bin,mawk,tar
     --setup-hook='printf "root:x:0:\nmail:x:8:\nutmp:x:43:\n" > "$1/etc/group"' \
     --extract-hook='chroot "$1" busybox --install -s' \
     {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-echo "$pkgs" | tr ',' '\n' >/tmp/expected
+echo "$pkgs" | tr ',' '\n' > /tmp/expected
 chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query -f '${binary:Package}\n' -W \
 	| comm -12 - /tmp/expected \
 	| diff -u - /tmp/expected

tests/install-doc-debian

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
 
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --include=doc-debian {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar .
-tar tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar >doc-debian.tar.list
+tar tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar > doc-debian.tar.list
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 # delete contents of doc-debian
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc-base/doc-debian.debian-*

tests/jessie-or-older

@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ filter() {
 }
 
 # base for comparison without jessie-or-older hook
-{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar
+{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar
 
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/jessie-or-older {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | filter >/tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/jessie-or-older {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | filter > /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
-filter </tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
+filter < /tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar

tests/logfile

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot /tmp/log /tmp/trimmed" EXIT INT TERM
 # we check the full log to also prevent debug printfs to accidentally make it into a commit
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --logfile=/tmp/log {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 # omit the last line which should contain the runtime
-head --lines=-1 /tmp/log >/tmp/trimmed
+head --lines=-1 /tmp/log > /tmp/trimmed
-cat <<LOG | diff -u - /tmp/trimmed
+cat << LOG | diff -u - /tmp/trimmed
 I: chroot architecture {{ HOSTARCH }} is equal to the host's architecture
 I: finding correct signed-by value...
 I: automatically chosen format: directory

tests/merged-fakechroot-inside-unmerged-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 trap "rm -f /tmp/chroot-fakechroot.tar /tmp/chroot-root.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 [ "$(whoami)" = "root" ]
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot-root.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/mirror-is-real-file

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/sources.list" EXIT INT TERM
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources.list
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources.list
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/sources.list
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
 	| sed 's#^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000sources.list$#./etc/apt/sources.list#' \

tests/mmdebstrap

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 
 [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]
 [ {{ MODE }} = "root" ]
-case {{ FORMAT }} in tar | squashfs | ext2 | ext4) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
+case {{ FORMAT }} in tar|squashfs|ext2|ext4) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} /tmp/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }} {{ MIRROR }}
 # creating an ext4 image on a 9p filesystem produces different results compared
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ case {{ FORMAT }} in tar | squashfs | ext2 | ext4) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
 # https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/171484520952.2626447.2160419274451668597@localhost/T/#t
 mv /tmp/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }} ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }}
 if [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = tar ]; then
-  printf 'ustar\0' | cmp --bytes=6 --ignore-initial=257:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar -
+	printf 'ustar ' | cmp --bytes=6 --ignore-initial=257:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar -
 elif [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = squashfs ]; then
 	printf 'hsqs' | cmp --bytes=4 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.squashfs -
 elif [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = ext2 ]; then

tests/pass-distribution-but-implicitly-write-to-stdout

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
-cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
+cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS
-{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/preserve-mode-of-etc-resolv-conf-and-etc-hostname

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 fi
 for f in /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hostname; do
 	# preserve original content
-  cat "$f" >"$f.bak"
+	cat "$f" > "$f.bak"
 	# in case $f is a symlink, we replace it by a real file
 	if [ -L "$f" ]; then
 		rm "$f"

tests/read-from-stdin-write-to-stdout

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/root-mode-inside-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar script.sh" EXIT INT TERM
 
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/root-mode-inside-unshare-chroot

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
 	prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 fi
 
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/script.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/sigint-during-customize-hook

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pid=$!
 while sleep 1; do [ -e hookstarted ] && break; done
 rm hookstarted
 # negative PID values choose the whole process group
-pgid=$((-1 * $(ps -p "$pid" -o pgid=)))
+pgid=$((-1*$(ps -p "$pid" -o pgid=)))
 /bin/kill --signal INT -- "$pgid"
 ret=0
 wait $pid || ret=$?

tests/skip-output-dev

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ fi
 # test this for both unshare and root mode because the code paths creating
 # entries in /dev are different depending on whether mknod is available or not
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --skip=output/dev {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | {
-  tar -t
+	tar -t;
-  echo ./dev/console
+	echo ./dev/console;
-  echo ./dev/fd
+	echo ./dev/fd;
-  echo ./dev/full
+	echo ./dev/full;
-  echo ./dev/null
+	echo ./dev/null;
-  echo ./dev/ptmx
+	echo ./dev/ptmx;
-  echo ./dev/pts/
+	echo ./dev/pts/;
-  echo ./dev/random
+	echo ./dev/random;
-  echo ./dev/shm/
+	echo ./dev/shm/;
-  echo ./dev/stderr
+	echo ./dev/stderr;
-  echo ./dev/stdin
+	echo ./dev/stdin;
-  echo ./dev/stdout
+	echo ./dev/stdout;
-  echo ./dev/tty
+	echo ./dev/tty;
-  echo ./dev/urandom
+	echo ./dev/urandom;
-  echo ./dev/zero
+	echo ./dev/zero;
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/skip-output-mknod

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ fi
 # entries in /dev are different depending on whether mknod is available or not
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --skip=output/mknod \
 	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | {
-  tar -t
+	tar -t;
-  echo ./dev/console
+	echo ./dev/console;
-  echo ./dev/full
+	echo ./dev/full;
-  echo ./dev/null
+	echo ./dev/null;
-  echo ./dev/ptmx
+	echo ./dev/ptmx;
-  echo ./dev/random
+	echo ./dev/random;
-  echo ./dev/tty
+	echo ./dev/tty;
-  echo ./dev/urandom
+	echo ./dev/urandom;
-  echo ./dev/zero
+	echo ./dev/zero;
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/special-hooks-using-helpers

@@ -6,23 +6,11 @@ mkdir /tmp/root
 ln -s /real /tmp/root/link
 mkdir /tmp/root/real
 run_testA() {
-  echo content >/tmp/foo
+  echo content > /tmp/foo
   # shellcheck disable=SC2094
-  {
+  { { { {{ CMD }} --hook-helper /tmp/root root setup '' 1 upload /tmp/foo "$1" < /tmp/myfifo 3>&-; echo $? >&3; printf "\\000\\000adios";
-    {
+      } | {{ CMD }} --hook-listener 1 3>&- >/tmp/myfifo; echo $?; } 3>&1;
-      {
+  } | { read -r xs1; [ "$xs1" -eq 0 ]; read -r xs2; [ "$xs2" -eq 0 ]; }
-        {{ CMD }} --hook-helper /tmp/root root setup '' 1 upload /tmp/foo "$1" </tmp/myfifo 3>&-
-        echo $? >&3
-        printf '\000\000adios'
-      } | {{ CMD }} --hook-listener 1 3>&- >/tmp/myfifo
-      echo $?
-    } 3>&1
-  } | {
-    read -r xs1
-    [ "$xs1" -eq 0 ]
-    read -r xs2
-    [ "$xs2" -eq 0 ]
-  }
   echo content | diff -u - /tmp/root/real/foo
   rm /tmp/foo
   rm /tmp/root/real/foo

tests/special-hooks-using-helpers-and-env-vars

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/script.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 echo "MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG $MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG"

tests/special-hooks-with-mode-mode

@@ -17,27 +17,27 @@ fi
 [ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && prefix="$prefix fakechroot fakeroot"
 symlinktarget=/real
 [ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && symlinktarget='$1/real'
-echo copy-in-setup >/tmp/copy-in-setup
+echo copy-in-setup > /tmp/copy-in-setup
-echo copy-in-essential >/tmp/copy-in-essential
+echo copy-in-essential > /tmp/copy-in-essential
-echo copy-in-customize >/tmp/copy-in-customize
+echo copy-in-customize > /tmp/copy-in-customize
-echo tar-in-setup >/tmp/tar-in-setup
+echo tar-in-setup > /tmp/tar-in-setup
-echo tar-in-essential >/tmp/tar-in-essential
+echo tar-in-essential > /tmp/tar-in-essential
-echo tar-in-customize >/tmp/tar-in-customize
+echo tar-in-customize > /tmp/tar-in-customize
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-setup.tar tar-in-setup
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-essential.tar tar-in-essential
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-customize.tar tar-in-customize
 rm /tmp/tar-in-setup
 rm /tmp/tar-in-essential
 rm /tmp/tar-in-customize
-echo upload-setup >/tmp/upload-setup
+echo upload-setup > /tmp/upload-setup
-echo upload-essential >/tmp/upload-essential
+echo upload-essential > /tmp/upload-essential
-echo upload-customize >/tmp/upload-customize
+echo upload-customize > /tmp/upload-customize
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-setup
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-essential
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-customize
-echo sync-in-setup >/tmp/sync-in-setup/file
+echo sync-in-setup > /tmp/sync-in-setup/file
-echo sync-in-essential >/tmp/sync-in-essential/file
+echo sync-in-essential > /tmp/sync-in-essential/file
-echo sync-in-customize >/tmp/sync-in-customize/file
+echo sync-in-customize > /tmp/sync-in-customize/file
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
 	--setup-hook='mkdir "$1/real"' \
 	--setup-hook='copy-in /tmp/copy-in-setup /real' \

tests/stable-default-mirror

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
 	exit 1
 fi
-cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
+cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS
 apt-cache policy
 cat /etc/apt/sources.list
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt stable /tmp/debian-chroot
-cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
 deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main
 deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates main
 deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stable-security main

tests/tarfilter-idshift

@@ -1,111 +1,58 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-
+if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
-trap "rm -f /tmp/mkpaxtar.pl /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/file /tmp/expected /tmp/filtered.tar" EXIT INT TERM
+	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
-
+	exit 1
-cat <<'END' >/tmp/mkpaxtar.pl
+fi
-#!/usr/bin/env perl
+trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.txt /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar /tmp/expected; rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot" EXIT INT TERM
-
+useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
-use strict;
+echo user:100000:65536 | cmp /etc/subuid -
-use warnings;
+echo user:100000:65536 | cmp /etc/subgid -
-
+# include iputils-ping so that we can verify that tarfilter does not remove
-my @entries = (
+# extended attributes
-    # filename            mode      type content
+# run through tarshift no-op to create a tarball that should be bit-by-bit
-    ['./PaxHeaders/file', oct(644), 'x', "57 SCHILY.xattr.security.capability=\x01\0\0\x02\0\x20\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0a"],
+# identical to a round trip through "tarfilter --idshift X" and "tarfilter --idshift -X"
-    ['./file',              oct(644), 0,   'test'],
+runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=iputils-ping {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
-);
+	| ./tarfilter --idshift 0 > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-
-my $num_entries = 0;
-
-foreach my $file (@entries) {
-    my ($fname, $mode, $type, $content) = @{$file};
-    my $entry = pack(
-        'a100 a8 a8 a8 a12 a12 A8 a1 a100 a6 a2 a32 a32 a8 a8 a155 x12',
-        $fname,
-        sprintf('%07o',  $mode),
-        sprintf('%07o',  0),                  # uid
-        sprintf('%07o',  0),                  # gid
-        sprintf('%011o', length $content),    # size
-        sprintf('%011o', 0),                  # mtime
-        '',                                   # checksum
-        $type,
-        '',                                   # linkname
-        "ustar",                              # magic
-        "00",                                 # version
-        '',                                   # username
-        '',                                   # groupname
-        '',                                   # dev major
-        '',                                   # dev minor
-        '',                                   # prefix
-    );
-
-    # compute and insert checksum
-    substr($entry, 148, 7)
-      = sprintf("%06o\0", unpack("%16C*", $entry));
-    print $entry;
-    $num_entries += 1;
-
-    if (length $content) {
-        print(pack 'a512', $content);
-        $num_entries += 1;
-    }
-}
-
-# https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Standard.html
-#
-# Physically, an archive consists of a series of file entries terminated by an
-# end-of-archive entry, which consists of two 512 blocks of zero bytes. At the
-# end of the archive file there are two 512-byte blocks filled with binary
-# zeros as an end-of-file marker.
-
-print(pack 'a512', '');
-print(pack 'a512', '');
-$num_entries += 2;
-
-# https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_section/tar_76.html
-#
-# Some devices requires that all write operations be a multiple of a certain
-# size, and so, tar pads the archive out to the next record boundary.
-#
-# The default blocking factor is 20. With a block size of 512 bytes, we get a
-# record size of 10240.
-
-for (my $i = $num_entries ; $i < 20 ; $i++) {
-    print(pack 'a512', '');
-}
-END
-
-MMTARFILTER=
-[ -x /usr/bin/mmtarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=/usr/bin/mmtarfilter
-[ -x ./tarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=./tarfilter
-
-perl /tmp/mkpaxtar.pl | "$MMTARFILTER" >/tmp/orig.tar
 # make sure that xattrs are set in the original tarball
-tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/ -xf /tmp/orig.tar ./file
+mkdir /tmp/debian-chroot
-echo "/tmp/file cap_net_raw=ep" >/tmp/expected
+tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/debian-chroot -xf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar ./usr/bin/ping
-getcap /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+echo "/tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
-# make sure that the file content is as expected
+getcap /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-printf test | diff -u /tmp/file - >&2
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping
-# make sure that uid/gid are as expected in the original tarball
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin
-echo "0 0 644" >/tmp/expected
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr
-stat --format="%u %g %a" /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot
-rm /tmp/file
+# shift the uid/gid forward by 100000 and backward by 100000
-# tarball must be bit by-bit-identical after round-trip
+./tarfilter --idshift 100000 < /tmp/debian-chroot.tar > /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar
-"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift 0 </tmp/orig.tar >/tmp/filtered.tar
+./tarfilter --idshift -100000 < /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar > /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar
-cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/filtered.tar
+# the tarball before and after the roundtrip through tarfilter should be bit
-
+# by bit identical
-# now shift uid/gid
+cmp /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar
-"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift 100000 </tmp/orig.tar >/tmp/filtered.tar
+# manually adjust uid/gid and compare "tar -t" output
-# make sure that uid/gid are as expected in the filtered tarball
+tar --numeric-owner -tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/ -xf /tmp/filtered.tar ./file
+	| sed 's# 42/0 # 100042/100000 #' \
-echo "100000 100000 644" >/tmp/expected
+	| sed 's# 0/0 # 100000/100000 #' \
-stat --format="%u %g %a" /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+	| sed 's# 0/5 # 100000/100005 #' \
-rm /tmp/file
+	| sed 's# 0/8 # 100000/100008 #' \
-
+	| sed 's# 0/42 # 100000/100042 #' \
-# now shift uid/gid back to create a round-trip
+	| sed 's# 0/43 # 100000/100043 #' \
-"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift -100000 </tmp/filtered.tar >/tmp/filtered2.tar
+	| sed 's# 0/50 # 100000/100050 #' \
-
+	| sed 's/ \+/ /g' \
-# the result must be identical to the original and will thus also include the
+	> /tmp/debian-chroot.txt
-# correct xattr information
+tar --numeric-owner -tvf /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar \
-cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/filtered2.tar
+	| sed 's/ \+/ /g' \
+	| diff -u /tmp/debian-chroot.txt - >&2
+mkdir /tmp/debian-chroot
+tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/debian-chroot -xf /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar
+echo "100000 100000" > /tmp/expected
+stat --format="%u %g" /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+echo "/tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
+getcap /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+echo "0 0" > /tmp/expected
+runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --unshare-helper /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/debian-chroot stat --format="%u %g" /usr/bin/ping \
+	| diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+echo "/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
+runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --unshare-helper /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/debian-chroot getcap /usr/bin/ping \
+	| diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2

tests/unshare-as-root-user-inside-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 [ "$(whoami)" = "root" ]
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar script.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
+cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/unshare-include-deb

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fi
 # otherwise apt might decide to download the package with the same name and
 # version from the cache instead of using the local .deb
 mkdir -p /tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN
-cat <<END >"/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
+cat << END > "/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
 Package: dummypkg
 Priority: optional
 Section: oldlibs

tests/verbose

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 
 # we use variant standard in verbose mode to see the maximum number of packages
 # that was chosen in case of USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG=yes
-case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
+case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --verbose {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 

tests/without-etc-resolv-conf-and-etc-hostname

@@ -8,8 +8,7 @@ fi
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 rm /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hostname
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-{
+{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar;
-  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+  printf "./etc/hostname\n";
-  printf "./etc/hostname\n"
+  printf "./etc/resolv.conf\n";
-  printf "./etc/resolv.conf\n"
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/zombie-reaping

@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -eu
-export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
-
-[ {{ MODE }} = "unshare" ]
-
-trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-
-prefix=
-if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then
-  if ! id "${SUDO_USER:-user}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-    if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
-      echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
-      exit 1
-    fi
-    useradd --home-dir "/home/${SUDO_USER:-user}" --create-home "${SUDO_USER:-user}"
-  fi
-  prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
-fi
-
-MMTARFILTER=
-[ -x /usr/bin/mmtarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=/usr/bin/mmtarfilter
-[ -x ./tarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=./tarfilter
-
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
-  --skip=output/dev \
-  --customize-hook='chroot "$1" sh -c "sleep 1m > /dev/null" &' \
-  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
-  | "$MMTARFILTER" --path-exclude="/dev" \
-    >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-
-origfilter() {
-  "$MMTARFILTER" <./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-apt.tar --path-exclude="/dev/*" --path-exclude="/dev"
-}
-
-origfilter | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-  || origfilter | diffoscope - /tmp/debian-chroot.tar