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2854 lines
98 KiB
Perl
2854 lines
98 KiB
Perl
#!/usr/bin/perl
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#
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# Copyright: 2018 Johannes Schauer <josch@mister-muffin.de>
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#
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# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to
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# deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the
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# rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or
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# sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
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# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
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#
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# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
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# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
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use strict;
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use warnings;
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our $VERSION = '0.3.0';
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use English;
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use Getopt::Long;
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use Pod::Usage;
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use File::Copy;
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use File::Path qw(make_path remove_tree);
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use File::Temp qw(tempfile tempdir);
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use Cwd qw(abs_path);
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require "syscall.ph";
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use Fcntl qw(S_IFCHR S_IFBLK FD_CLOEXEC F_GETFD F_SETFD);
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use List::Util qw(any none);
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use POSIX qw(SIGINT SIGHUP SIGPIPE SIGTERM SIG_BLOCK SIG_UNBLOCK);
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use Carp;
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use Term::ANSIColor;
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# from sched.h
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use constant {
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CLONE_NEWNS => 0x20000,
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CLONE_NEWUTS => 0x4000000,
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CLONE_NEWIPC => 0x8000000,
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CLONE_NEWUSER => 0x10000000,
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CLONE_NEWPID => 0x20000000,
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CLONE_NEWNET => 0x40000000,
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};
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# type codes:
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# 0 -> normal file
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# 1 -> hardlink
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# 2 -> symlink
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# 3 -> character special
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# 4 -> block special
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# 5 -> directory
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my @devfiles = (
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# filename mode type link target major minor
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[ "./dev/", 0755, 5, '', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/console", 0666, 3, '', 5, 1 ],
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[ "./dev/fd", 0777, 2, '/proc/self/fd', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/full", 0666, 3, '', 1, 7 ],
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[ "./dev/null", 0666, 3, '', 1, 3 ],
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[ "./dev/ptmx", 0666, 3, '', 5, 2 ],
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[ "./dev/pts/", 0755, 5, '', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/random", 0666, 3, '', 1, 8 ],
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[ "./dev/shm/", 0755, 5, '', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/stderr", 0777, 2, '/proc/self/fd/2', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/stdin", 0777, 2, '/proc/self/fd/0', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/stdout", 0777, 2, '/proc/self/fd/1', undef, undef ],
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[ "./dev/tty", 0666, 3, '', 5, 0 ],
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[ "./dev/urandom", 0666, 3, '', 1, 9 ],
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[ "./dev/zero", 0666, 3, '', 1, 5 ],
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);
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# verbosity levels:
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# 0 -> print nothing
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# 1 -> normal output and progress bars
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# 2 -> verbose output
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# 3 -> debug output
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my $verbosity_level = 1;
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sub debug {
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if ($verbosity_level < 3) {
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return;
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}
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my $msg = shift;
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$msg = "D: $msg";
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if ( -t STDERR ) {
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$msg = colored($msg, 'clear')
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}
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print STDERR "$msg\n";
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}
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sub info {
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if ($verbosity_level == 0) {
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return;
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}
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my $msg = shift;
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$msg = "I: $msg";
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if ( -t STDERR ) {
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$msg = colored($msg, 'green')
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}
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print STDERR "$msg\n";
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}
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sub warning {
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if ($verbosity_level == 0) {
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return;
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}
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my $msg = shift;
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$msg = "W: $msg";
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if ( -t STDERR ) {
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$msg = colored($msg, 'bold yellow')
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}
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print STDERR "$msg\n";
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}
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sub error {
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if ($verbosity_level == 0) {
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return;
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}
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# if error() is called with the string from a previous error() that was
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# caught inside an eval(), then the string will have a newline which we
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# are stripping here
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chomp (my $msg = shift);
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$msg = "E: $msg";
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if ( -t STDERR ) {
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$msg = colored($msg, 'bold red')
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}
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if ($verbosity_level == 3) {
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croak $msg; # produces a backtrace
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} else {
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die "$msg\n";
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}
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}
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# tar cannot figure out the decompression program when receiving data on
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# standard input, thus we do it ourselves. This is copied from tar's
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# src/suffix.c
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sub get_tar_compressor($) {
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my $filename = shift;
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if ($filename eq '-') {
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return undef
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.tar$/) {
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return undef
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.(gz|tgz|taz)$/) {
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return 'gzip';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.(Z|taZ)$/) {
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return 'compress';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.(bz2|tbz|tbz2|tz2)$/) {
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return 'bzip2';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.lz$/) {
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return 'lzip';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.(lzma|tlz)$/) {
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return 'lzma';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.lzo$/) {
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return 'lzop';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.lz4$/) {
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return 'lz4';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.(xz|txz)$/) {
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return 'xz';
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} elsif ($filename =~ /\.zst$/) {
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return 'zstd';
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}
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return undef
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}
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sub test_unshare($) {
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my $verbose = shift;
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if ($EFFECTIVE_USER_ID == 0) {
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my $msg = "cannot use unshare mode when executing as root";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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return 0;
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}
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# arguments to syscalls have to be stored in their own variable or
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# otherwise we will get "Modification of a read-only value attempted"
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my $unshare_flags = CLONE_NEWUSER;
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# we spawn a new per process because if unshare succeeds, we would
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# otherwise have unshared the mmdebstrap process itself which we don't want
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my $pid = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
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if ($pid == 0) {
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my $ret = syscall &SYS_unshare, $unshare_flags;
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if ($ret == 0) {
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exit 0;
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} else {
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my $msg = "unshare syscall failed: $!";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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exit 1;
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}
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}
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waitpid($pid, 0);
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if (($? >> 8) != 0) {
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return 0;
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}
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# if newuidmap and newgidmap exist, the exit status will be 1 when
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# executed without parameters
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system "newuidmap 2>/dev/null";
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if (($? >> 8) != 1) {
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if (($? >> 8) == 127) {
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my $msg = "cannot find newuidmap";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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} else {
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my $msg = "newuidmap returned unknown exit status: $?";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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system "newgidmap 2>/dev/null";
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if (($? >> 8) != 1) {
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if (($? >> 8) == 127) {
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my $msg = "cannot find newgidmap";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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} else {
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my $msg = "newgidmap returned unknown exit status: $?";
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if ($verbose) {
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warning $msg;
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} else {
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debug $msg;
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}
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}
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return 0;
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}
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return 1;
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}
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sub read_subuid_subgid() {
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my $username = getpwuid $<;
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my ($subid, $num_subid, $fh, $n);
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my @result = ();
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if (! -e "/etc/subuid") {
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warning "/etc/subuid doesn't exist";
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return;
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}
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if (! -r "/etc/subuid") {
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warning "/etc/subuid is not readable";
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return;
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}
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open $fh, "<", "/etc/subuid" or error "cannot open /etc/subuid for reading: $!";
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while (my $line = <$fh>) {
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($n, $subid, $num_subid) = split(/:/, $line, 3);
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last if ($n eq $username);
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}
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close $fh;
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push @result, ["u", 0, $subid, $num_subid];
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if (scalar(@result) < 1) {
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warning "/etc/subuid does not contain an entry for $username";
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return;
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}
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if (scalar(@result) > 1) {
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warning "/etc/subuid contains multiple entries for $username";
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return;
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}
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open $fh, "<", "/etc/subgid" or error "cannot open /etc/subgid for reading: $!";
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while (my $line = <$fh>) {
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($n, $subid, $num_subid) = split(/:/, $line, 3);
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last if ($n eq $username);
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}
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close $fh;
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push @result, ["g", 0, $subid, $num_subid];
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if (scalar(@result) < 2) {
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warning "/etc/subgid does not contain an entry for $username";
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return;
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}
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if (scalar(@result) > 2) {
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warning "/etc/subgid contains multiple entries for $username";
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return;
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}
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return @result;
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}
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# This function spawns two child processes forming the following process tree
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#
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# A
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# |
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# fork()
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# | \
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# B C
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# | |
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# | fork()
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# | | \
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# | D E
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# | | |
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# |unshare()
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# | close()
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# | | |
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# | | read()
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# | | newuidmap(D)
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# | | newgidmap(D)
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# | | /
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# | waitpid()
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# | |
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# | fork()
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# | | \
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# | F G
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# | | |
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# | | exec()
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# | | /
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# | waitpid()
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# | /
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# waitpid()
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#
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# To better refer to each individual part, we give each process a new
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# identifier after calling fork(). Process A is the main process. After
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# executing fork() we call the parent and child B and C, respectively. This
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# first fork() is done because we do not want to modify A. B then remains
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# waiting for its child C to finish. C calls fork() again, splitting into
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# the parent D and its child E. In the parent D we call unshare() and close a
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# pipe shared by D and E to signal to E that D is done with calling unshare().
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# E notices this by using read() and follows up with executing the tools
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# new[ug]idmap on D. E finishes and D continues with doing another fork().
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# This is because when unsharing the PID namespace, we need a PID 1 to be kept
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# alive or otherwise any child processes cannot fork() anymore themselves. So
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# we keep F as PID 1 and finally call exec() in G.
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sub get_unshare_cmd(&$) {
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my $cmd = shift;
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my $idmap = shift;
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my $unshare_flags = CLONE_NEWUSER | CLONE_NEWNS | CLONE_NEWPID | CLONE_NEWUTS | CLONE_NEWIPC;
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if (0) {
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$unshare_flags |= CLONE_NEWNET;
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}
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# fork a new process and let the child get unshare()ed
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# we don't want to unshare the parent process
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my $gcpid = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
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if ($gcpid == 0) {
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# Create a pipe for the parent process to signal the child process that it is
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# done with calling unshare() so that the child can go ahead setting up
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# uid_map and gid_map.
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pipe my $rfh, my $wfh;
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# We have to do this dance with forking a process and then modifying the
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# parent from the child because:
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# - new[ug]idmap can only be called on a process id after that process has
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# unshared the user namespace
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# - a process looses its capabilities if it performs an execve() with nonzero
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# user ids see the capabilities(7) man page for details.
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# - a process that unshared the user namespace by default does not have the
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# privileges to call new[ug]idmap on itself
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#
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# this also works the other way around (the child setting up a user namespace
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# and being modified from the parent) but that way, the parent would have to
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# stay around until the child exited (so a pid would be wasted). Additionally,
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# that variant would require an additional pipe to let the parent signal the
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# child that it is done with calling new[ug]idmap. The way it is done here,
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# this signaling can instead be done by wait()-ing for the exit of the child.
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my $ppid = $$;
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my $cpid = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
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if ($cpid == 0) {
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# child
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# Close the writing descriptor at our end of the pipe so that we
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# see EOF when parent closes its descriptor.
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close $wfh;
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# Wait for the parent process to finish its unshare() call by
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# waiting for an EOF.
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0 == sysread $rfh, my $c, 1 or error "read() did not receive EOF";
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# The program's new[ug]idmap have to be used because they are
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# setuid root. These privileges are needed to map the ids from
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# /etc/sub[ug]id to the user namespace set up by the parent.
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# Without these privileges, only the id of the user itself can be
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# mapped into the new namespace.
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#
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# Since new[ug]idmap is setuid root we also don't need to write
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# "deny" to /proc/$$/setgroups beforehand (this is otherwise
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# required for unprivileged processes trying to write to
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# /proc/$$/gid_map since kernel version 3.19 for security reasons)
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# and therefore the parent process keeps its ability to change its
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# own group here.
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#
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# Since /proc/$ppid/[ug]id_map can only be written to once,
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# respectively, instead of making multiple calls to new[ug]idmap,
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# we assemble a command line that makes one call each.
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my $uidmapcmd = "";
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my $gidmapcmd = "";
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foreach (@{$idmap}) {
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my ($t, $hostid, $nsid, $range) = @{$_};
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if ($t ne "u" and $t ne "g" and $t ne "b") {
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error "invalid idmap type: $t";
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}
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if ($t eq "u" or $t eq "b") {
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$uidmapcmd .= " $hostid $nsid $range";
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}
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if ($t eq "g" or $t eq "b") {
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$gidmapcmd .= " $hostid $nsid $range";
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}
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}
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my $idmapcmd = '';
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if ($uidmapcmd ne "") {
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0 == system "newuidmap $ppid $uidmapcmd" or error "newuidmap $ppid $uidmapcmd failed: $!";
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}
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if ($gidmapcmd ne "") {
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0 == system "newgidmap $ppid $gidmapcmd" or error "newgidmap $ppid $gidmapcmd failed: $!";
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}
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exit 0;
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}
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# parent
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# After fork()-ing, the parent immediately calls unshare...
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0 == syscall &SYS_unshare, $unshare_flags or error "unshare() failed: $!";
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# .. and then signals the child process that we are done with the
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# unshare() call by sending an EOF.
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close $wfh;
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# Wait for the child process to finish its setup by waiting for its
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# exit.
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$cpid == waitpid $cpid, 0 or error "waitpid() failed: $!";
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my $exit = $? >> 8;
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if ($exit != 0) {
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error "child had a non-zero exit status: $exit";
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}
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# Currently we are nobody (uid and gid are 65534). So we become root
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# user and group instead.
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#
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# We are using direct syscalls instead of setting $(, $), $< and $>
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# because then perl would do additional stuff which we don't need or
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# want here, like checking /proc/sys/kernel/ngroups_max (which might
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# not exist). It would also also call setgroups() in a way that makes
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# the root user be part of the group unknown.
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0 == syscall &SYS_setgid, 0 or error "setgid failed: $!";
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0 == syscall &SYS_setuid, 0 or error "setuid failed: $!";
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0 == syscall &SYS_setgroups, 0, 0 or error "setgroups failed: $!";
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if (1) {
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# When the pid namespace is also unshared, then processes expect a
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# master pid to always be alive within the namespace. To achieve
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# this, we fork() here instead of exec() to always have one dummy
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# process running as pid 1 inside the namespace. This is also what
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# the unshare tool does when used with the --fork option.
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#
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# Otherwise, without a pid 1, new processes cannot be forked
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# anymore after pid 1 finished.
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my $cpid = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
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if ($cpid != 0) {
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# The parent process will stay alive as pid 1 in this
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# namespace until the child finishes executing. This is
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# important because pid 1 must never die or otherwise nothing
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# new can be forked.
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$cpid == waitpid $cpid, 0 or error "waitpid() failed: $!";
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exit ($? >> 8);
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}
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}
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&{$cmd}();
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exit 0;
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}
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# parent
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return $gcpid;
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}
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|
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sub havemknod($) {
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my $root = shift;
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my $havemknod = 0;
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if (-e "$root/test-dev-null") {
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error "/test-dev-null already exists";
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}
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TEST: {
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# we fork so that we can read STDERR
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my $pid = open my $fh, '-|' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
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if ($pid == 0) {
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open(STDERR, '>&', STDOUT);
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# we use mknod(1) instead of the system call because creating the
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# right dev_t argument requires makedev(3)
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exec 'mknod', "$root/test-dev-null", 'c', '1', '3';
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}
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chomp (my $content = do { local $/; <$fh> });
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close $fh;
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|
{
|
|
last TEST unless $? == 0 and $content eq '';
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last TEST unless -c "$root/test-dev-null";
|
|
last TEST unless open my $fh, '>', "$root/test-dev-null";
|
|
last TEST unless print $fh 'test';
|
|
}
|
|
$havemknod = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
if (-e "$root/test-dev-null") {
|
|
unlink "$root/test-dev-null" or error "cannot unlink /test-dev-null";
|
|
}
|
|
return $havemknod;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub print_progress {
|
|
if ($verbosity_level != 1) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
my $perc = shift;
|
|
if (!-t STDERR) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
if ($perc eq "done") {
|
|
# \e[2K clears everything on the current line (i.e. the progress bar)
|
|
print STDERR "\e[2Kdone\n";
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
if ($perc >= 100) {
|
|
$perc = 100;
|
|
}
|
|
my $width = 50;
|
|
my $num_x = int($perc*$width/100);
|
|
my $bar = '=' x $num_x;
|
|
if ($num_x != $width) {
|
|
$bar .= '>';
|
|
$bar .= ' ' x ($width - $num_x - 1);
|
|
}
|
|
printf STDERR "%6.2f [%s]\r", $perc, $bar;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub run_progress {
|
|
my ($get_exec, $line_handler, $line_has_error) = @_;
|
|
pipe my $rfh, my $wfh;
|
|
my $got_signal = 0;
|
|
my $ignore = sub {
|
|
info "run_progress() received signal $_[0]: waiting for child...";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
# delay signals so that we can fork and change behaviour of the signal
|
|
# handler in parent and child without getting interrupted
|
|
my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGPIPE, SIGTERM);
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't block signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
my $pid1 = open(my $pipe, '-|') // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
|
|
if ($pid1 == 0) {
|
|
# child: default signal handlers
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
close $rfh;
|
|
# Unset the close-on-exec flag, so that the file descriptor does not
|
|
# get closed when we exec
|
|
my $flags = fcntl( $wfh, F_GETFD, 0 ) or error "fcntl F_GETFD: $!";
|
|
fcntl($wfh, F_SETFD, $flags & ~FD_CLOEXEC ) or error "fcntl F_SETFD: $!";
|
|
my $fd = fileno $wfh;
|
|
# redirect stderr to stdout so that we can capture it
|
|
open(STDERR, '>&', STDOUT);
|
|
my @execargs = $get_exec->($fd);
|
|
exec { $execargs[0] } @execargs or error 'cannot exec() ' . (join ' ', @execargs);
|
|
}
|
|
close $wfh;
|
|
|
|
# spawn two processes:
|
|
# parent will parse stdout to look for errors
|
|
# child will parse $rfh for the progress meter
|
|
my $pid2 = fork() // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
if ($pid2 == 0) {
|
|
# child: default signal handlers
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = 'IGNORE';
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = 'IGNORE';
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = 'IGNORE';
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'IGNORE';
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
print_progress 0.0;
|
|
while (my $line = <$rfh>) {
|
|
my $output = $line_handler->($line);
|
|
next unless $output;
|
|
print_progress $output;
|
|
}
|
|
print_progress "done";
|
|
|
|
exit 0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# parent: ignore signals
|
|
# by using "local", the original is automatically restored once the
|
|
# function returns
|
|
local $SIG{'INT'} = $ignore;
|
|
local $SIG{'HUP'} = $ignore;
|
|
local $SIG{'PIPE'} = $ignore;
|
|
local $SIG{'TERM'} = $ignore;
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
my $output = '';
|
|
my $has_error = 0;
|
|
while (my $line = <$pipe>) {
|
|
$has_error = $line_has_error->($line);
|
|
if ($verbosity_level >= 2) {
|
|
print STDERR $line;
|
|
} else {
|
|
# forward captured apt output
|
|
$output .= $line;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
close($pipe);
|
|
my $fail = 0;
|
|
if ($? != 0 or $has_error) {
|
|
$fail = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
waitpid $pid2, 0;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "progress parsing failed";
|
|
|
|
if ($got_signal) {
|
|
error "run_progress() received signal: $got_signal";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# only print failure after progress output finished or otherwise it
|
|
# might interfere with the remaining output
|
|
if ($fail) {
|
|
if ($verbosity_level >= 1) {
|
|
print STDERR $output;
|
|
}
|
|
error ((join ' ', $get_exec->('<$fd>')) . ' failed');
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub run_dpkg_progress {
|
|
my $options = shift;
|
|
my @debs = @{$options->{PKGS} // []};
|
|
my $get_exec = sub { return @{$options->{ARGV}}, "--status-fd=$_[0]", @debs; };
|
|
my $line_has_error = sub { return 0; };
|
|
my $num = 0;
|
|
# each package has one install and one configure step, thus the total
|
|
# number is twice the number of packages
|
|
my $total = (scalar @debs) * 2;
|
|
my $line_handler = sub {
|
|
if ($_[0] =~ /^processing: (install|configure): /) {
|
|
$num += 1;
|
|
}
|
|
return $num/$total*100;
|
|
};
|
|
run_progress $get_exec, $line_handler, $line_has_error;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub run_apt_progress {
|
|
my $options = shift;
|
|
my @debs = @{$options->{PKGS} // []};
|
|
my $get_exec = sub {
|
|
return (
|
|
@{$options->{ARGV}},
|
|
"-oAPT::Status-Fd=$_[0]",
|
|
# prevent apt from messing up the terminal and allow dpkg to
|
|
# receive SIGINT and quit immediately without waiting for
|
|
# maintainer script to finish
|
|
'-oDpkg::Use-Pty=false',
|
|
@debs
|
|
)};
|
|
my $line_has_error = sub {
|
|
# apt-get doesn't report a non-zero exit if the update failed. Thus, we
|
|
# have to parse its output. See #778357, #776152, #696335 and #745735
|
|
if ($_[0] =~ /^(W: |Err:)/) {
|
|
return 1;
|
|
}
|
|
return 0;
|
|
};
|
|
my $line_handler = sub {
|
|
if ($_[0] =~ /(pmstatus|dlstatus):[^:]+:(\d+\.\d+):.*/) {
|
|
return $2;
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
run_progress $get_exec, $line_handler, $line_has_error;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub run_chroot(&$) {
|
|
my $cmd = shift;
|
|
my $options = shift;
|
|
|
|
my @cleanup_tasks = ();
|
|
|
|
my $cleanup = sub {
|
|
my $signal = $_[0];
|
|
while (my $task = pop @cleanup_tasks) {
|
|
$task->();
|
|
}
|
|
if ($signal) {
|
|
warning "pid $PID cought signal: $signal";
|
|
exit 1;
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
local $SIG{INT} = $cleanup;
|
|
local $SIG{HUP} = $cleanup;
|
|
local $SIG{PIPE} = $cleanup;
|
|
local $SIG{TERM} = $cleanup;
|
|
|
|
eval {
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare')) {
|
|
# if more than essential should be installed, make the system look
|
|
# more like a real one by creating or bind-mounting the device nodes
|
|
foreach my $file (@devfiles) {
|
|
my ($fname, $mode, $type, $linkname, $devmajor, $devminor) = @{$file};
|
|
next if $fname eq './dev/';
|
|
if ($type == 0) { # normal file
|
|
error "type 0 not implemented";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 1) { # hardlink
|
|
error "type 1 not implemented";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 2) { # symlink
|
|
if (!$options->{havemknod}) {
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot' and $linkname =~ /^\/proc/) {
|
|
# there is no /proc in fakechroot mode
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare')) {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/$fname" or warn "cannot unlink $fname: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
symlink $linkname, "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot create symlink $fname";
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($type == 3 or $type == 4) { # character/block special
|
|
if (!$options->{havemknod}) {
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot open $options->{root}/$fname: $!";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', '--no-mtab', "$options->{root}/$fname") or warn "umount $fname failed: $?";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/$fname" or warn "cannot unlink $fname: $!";
|
|
};
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'root') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', "$options->{root}/$fname") or warn "umount failed: $?";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/$fname" or warn "cannot unlink $fname: $!";
|
|
};
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-o', 'bind', "/$fname", "$options->{root}/$fname") or error "mount $fname failed: $?";
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($type == 5) { # directory
|
|
if (!$options->{havemknod}) {
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare')) {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
rmdir "$options->{root}/$fname" or warn "cannot rmdir $fname: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
make_path "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot make_path $fname";
|
|
chmod $mode, "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot chmod $fname: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', '--no-mtab', "$options->{root}/$fname") or warn "umount $fname failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'root') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', "$options->{root}/$fname") or warn "umount $fname failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-o', 'bind', "/$fname", "$options->{root}/$fname") or error "mount $fname failed: $?";
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unsupported type: $type";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('proot', 'fakechroot')) {
|
|
# we cannot mount in fakechroot and proot mode
|
|
# in proot mode we have /dev bind-mounted already through --bind=/dev
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
# We can only mount /proc and /sys after extracting the essential
|
|
# set because if we mount it before, then base-files will not be able
|
|
# to extract those
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'root') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', "$options->{root}/sys") or warn "umount /sys failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-t', 'sysfs', '-o', 'nosuid,nodev,noexec', 'sys', "$options->{root}/sys") or error "mount /sys failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
# naturally we have to clean up after ourselves in sudo mode where we
|
|
# do a real mount. But we also need to unmount in unshare mode because
|
|
# otherwise, even with the --one-file-system tar option, the
|
|
# permissions of the mount source will be stored and not the mount
|
|
# target (the directory)
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
# since we cannot write to /etc/mtab we need --no-mtab
|
|
# unmounting /sys only seems to be successful with --lazy
|
|
0 == system('umount', '--no-mtab', '--lazy', "$options->{root}/sys") or warn "umount /sys failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
# without the network namespace unshared, we cannot mount a new
|
|
# sysfs. Since we need network, we just bind-mount.
|
|
#
|
|
# we have to rbind because just using bind results in "wrong fs
|
|
# type, bad option, bad superblock" error
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-o', 'rbind', '/sys', "$options->{root}/sys") or error "mount /sys failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('proot', 'fakechroot')) {
|
|
# we cannot mount in fakechroot and proot mode
|
|
# in proot mode we have /proc bind-mounted already through --bind=/proc
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'root') {
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
0 == system('umount', "$options->{root}/proc") or error "umount /proc failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-t', 'proc', 'proc', "$options->{root}/proc") or error "mount /proc failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
# naturally we have to clean up after ourselves in sudo mode where we
|
|
# do a real mount. But we also need to unmount in unshare mode because
|
|
# otherwise, even with the --one-file-system tar option, the
|
|
# permissions of the mount source will be stored and not the mount
|
|
# target (the directory)
|
|
push @cleanup_tasks, sub {
|
|
# since we cannot write to /etc/mtab we need --no-mtab
|
|
0 == system('umount', '--no-mtab', "$options->{root}/proc") or error "umount /proc failed: $?";
|
|
};
|
|
0 == system('mount', '-t', 'proc', 'proc', "$options->{root}/proc") or error "mount /proc failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('proot', 'fakechroot')) {
|
|
# we cannot mount in fakechroot and proot mode
|
|
# in proot mode we have /sys bind-mounted already through --bind=/sys
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# prevent daemons from starting
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d" or error "cannot open policy-rc.d: $!";
|
|
print $fh "#!/bin/sh\n";
|
|
print $fh "exit 101\n";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
chmod 0755, "$options->{root}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d" or error "cannot chmod policy-rc.d: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
move("$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon", "$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon.REAL") or error "cannot move start-stop-daemon";
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon" or error "cannot open policy-rc.d: $!";
|
|
print $fh "#!/bin/sh\n";
|
|
print $fh "echo \"Warning: Fake start-stop-daemon called, doing nothing\">&2\n";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
chmod 0755, "$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon" or error "cannot chmod start-stop-daemon: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
&{$cmd}();
|
|
|
|
# cleanup
|
|
move("$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon.REAL", "$options->{root}/sbin/start-stop-daemon") or error "cannot move start-stop-daemon";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d" or error "cannot unlink policy-rc.d";
|
|
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
my $error = $@;
|
|
|
|
# we use the cleanup function to do the unmounting
|
|
$cleanup->(0);
|
|
|
|
if ($error) {
|
|
error "run_chroot failed: $error";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub run_hooks($$) {
|
|
my $name = shift;
|
|
my $options = shift;
|
|
|
|
if (scalar @{$options->{"${name}_hook"}} == 0) {
|
|
return;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $runner = sub {
|
|
foreach my $script (@{$options->{"${name}_hook"}}) {
|
|
if ( -x $script || $script !~ m/[^\w@\%+=:,.\/-]/a) {
|
|
info "running --$name-hook directly: $script $options->{root}";
|
|
# execute it directly if it's an executable file
|
|
# or if it there are no shell metacharacters
|
|
# (the /a regex modifier makes \w match only ASCII)
|
|
0 == system($script, $options->{root}) or error "command failed: $script";
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "running --$name-hook in shell: sh -c '$script' exec $options->{root}";
|
|
# otherwise, wrap everything in sh -c
|
|
0 == system('sh', '-c', $script, 'exec', $options->{root}) or error "command failed: $script";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
if ($name eq 'setup') {
|
|
# execute directly without mounting anything (the mount points do not
|
|
# exist yet)
|
|
&{$runner}();
|
|
} else {
|
|
run_chroot \&$runner, $options;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub setup {
|
|
my $options = shift;
|
|
|
|
foreach my $key (sort keys %{$options}) {
|
|
my $value = $options->{$key};
|
|
if (!defined $value) {
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
if (ref $value eq '') {
|
|
debug "$key: $options->{$key}";
|
|
} elsif (ref $value eq 'ARRAY') {
|
|
debug "$key: [" . (join ', ', @{$value}) . "]";
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown type";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my ($conf, $tmpfile) = tempfile(UNLINK => 1) or error "cannot open apt.conf: $!";
|
|
print $conf "Apt::Architecture \"$options->{nativearch}\";\n";
|
|
# the host system might have configured additional architectures
|
|
# force only the native architecture
|
|
if (scalar @{$options->{foreignarchs}} > 0) {
|
|
print $conf "Apt::Architectures { \"$options->{nativearch}\"; ";
|
|
foreach my $arch (@{$options->{foreignarchs}}) {
|
|
print $conf "\"$arch\"; ";
|
|
}
|
|
print $conf "};\n";
|
|
} else {
|
|
print $conf "Apt::Architectures \"$options->{nativearch}\";\n";
|
|
}
|
|
print $conf "Dir::Etc \"$options->{root}/etc/apt\";\n";
|
|
print $conf "Dir::State \"$options->{root}/var/lib/apt\";\n";
|
|
print $conf "Dir::Cache \"$options->{root}/var/cache/apt\";\n";
|
|
print $conf "Dir::Log \"$options->{root}/var/log/apt\";\n";
|
|
# for authentication, use the keyrings from the host
|
|
print $conf "Dir::Etc::Trusted \"/etc/apt/trusted.gpg\";\n";
|
|
print $conf "Dir::Etc::TrustedParts \"/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d\";\n";
|
|
close $conf;
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
my @directories = ('/etc/apt/apt.conf.d', '/etc/apt/sources.list.d',
|
|
'/etc/apt/preferences.d', '/var/cache/apt',
|
|
'/var/lib/apt/lists/partial', '/var/lib/dpkg',
|
|
'/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/');
|
|
# if dpkg and apt operate from the outside we need some more
|
|
# directories because dpkg and apt might not even be installed inside
|
|
# the chroot
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'chrootless') {
|
|
push @directories, ('/var/log/apt', '/var/lib/dpkg/triggers',
|
|
'/var/lib/dpkg/info', '/var/lib/dpkg/alternatives',
|
|
'/var/lib/dpkg/updates');
|
|
}
|
|
foreach my $dir (@directories) {
|
|
make_path("$options->{root}/$dir") or error "failed to create $dir: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# We put certain configuration items in their own configuration file
|
|
# because they have to be valid for apt invocation from outside as well as
|
|
# from inside the chroot.
|
|
# The config filename is chosen such that any settings in it will be
|
|
# overridden by what the user specified with --aptopt.
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00mmdebstrap" or error "cannot open /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00mmdebstrap: $!";
|
|
print $fh "Apt::Install-Recommends false;\n";
|
|
print $fh "Acquire::Languages \"none\";\n";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/var/lib/dpkg/status" or error "failed to open(): $!";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# /var/lib/dpkg/available is required to exist or otherwise package
|
|
# removals will fail
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/var/lib/dpkg/available" or error "failed to open(): $!";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (scalar @{$options->{foreignarchs}} > 0) {
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/var/lib/dpkg/arch" or error "cannot open /var/lib/dpkg/arch: $!";
|
|
print $fh "$options->{nativearch}\n";
|
|
foreach my $arch (@{$options->{foreignarchs}}) {
|
|
print $fh "$arch\n";
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (scalar @{$options->{aptopts}} > 0) {
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap" or error "cannot open /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap: $!";
|
|
foreach my $opt (@{$options->{aptopts}}) {
|
|
if (-r $opt) {
|
|
# flush handle because copy() uses syswrite() which bypasses
|
|
# buffered IO
|
|
$fh->flush();
|
|
copy $opt, $fh or error "cannot copy $opt: $!";
|
|
} else {
|
|
print $fh $opt;
|
|
if ($opt !~ /;$/) {
|
|
print $fh ';';
|
|
}
|
|
if ($opt !~ /\n$/) {
|
|
print $fh "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (scalar @{$options->{dpkgopts}} > 0) {
|
|
# FIXME: in chrootless mode, dpkg will only read the configuration
|
|
# from the host
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap" or error "cannot open /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap: $!";
|
|
foreach my $opt (@{$options->{dpkgopts}}) {
|
|
if (-r $opt) {
|
|
# flush handle because copy() uses syswrite() which bypasses
|
|
# buffered IO
|
|
$fh->flush();
|
|
copy $opt, $fh or error "cannot copy $opt: $!";
|
|
} else {
|
|
print $fh $opt;
|
|
if ($opt !~ /\n$/) {
|
|
print $fh "\n";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
## setup merged usr
|
|
#my @amd64_dirs = ('lib32', 'lib64', 'libx32'); # only amd64 for now
|
|
#foreach my $dir ("bin", "sbin", "lib", @amd64_dirs) {
|
|
# symlink "usr/$dir", "$options->{root}/$dir" or die "cannot create symlink: $!";
|
|
# make_path("$options->{root}/usr/$dir") or die "cannot create /usr/$dir: $!";
|
|
#}
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/etc/fstab" or error "cannot open fstab: $!";
|
|
print $fh "# UNCONFIGURED FSTAB FOR BASE SYSTEM\n";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
chmod 0644, "$options->{root}/etc/fstab" or error "cannot chmod fstab: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# write /etc/apt/sources.list
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '>', "$options->{root}/etc/apt/sources.list" or error "cannot open /etc/apt/sources.list: $!";
|
|
print $fh $options->{sourceslist};
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# allow network access from within
|
|
copy("/etc/resolv.conf", "$options->{root}/etc/resolv.conf") or error "cannot copy /etc/resolv.conf: $!";
|
|
copy("/etc/hostname", "$options->{root}/etc/hostname") or error "cannot copy /etc/hostname: $!";
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{havemknod}) {
|
|
foreach my $file (@devfiles) {
|
|
my ($fname, $mode, $type, $linkname, $devmajor, $devminor) = @{$file};
|
|
if ($type == 0) { # normal file
|
|
error "type 0 not implemented";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 1) { # hardlink
|
|
error "type 1 not implemented";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 2) { # symlink
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot' and $linkname =~ /^\/proc/) {
|
|
# there is no /proc in fakechroot mode
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
symlink $linkname, "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot create symlink $fname";
|
|
next; # chmod cannot work on symlinks
|
|
} elsif ($type == 3) { # character special
|
|
0 == system('mknod', "$options->{root}/$fname", 'c', $devmajor, $devminor) or error "mknod failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 4) { # block special
|
|
0 == system('mknod', "$options->{root}/$fname", 'b', $devmajor, $devminor) or error "mknod failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif ($type == 5) { # directory
|
|
make_path "$options->{root}/$fname", { error => \my $err };
|
|
if (@$err) {
|
|
error "cannot create $fname";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unsupported type: $type";
|
|
}
|
|
chmod $mode, "$options->{root}/$fname" or error "cannot chmod $fname: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# we tell apt about the configuration via a config file passed via the
|
|
# APT_CONFIG environment variable instead of using the --option command
|
|
# line arguments because configuration settings like Dir::Etc have already
|
|
# been evaluated at the time that apt takes its command line arguments
|
|
# into account.
|
|
$ENV{"APT_CONFIG"} = "$tmpfile";
|
|
|
|
# setting PATH for chroot, ldconfig, start-stop-daemon...
|
|
if (defined $ENV{PATH} && $ENV{PATH} ne "") {
|
|
$ENV{PATH} = "$ENV{PATH}:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin";
|
|
} else {
|
|
$ENV{PATH} = "/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# run setup hooks
|
|
run_hooks('setup', $options);
|
|
|
|
info "running apt-get update...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({ ARGV => ['apt-get', 'update'] });
|
|
|
|
# check if anything was downloaded at all
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '-|', 'apt-get', 'indextargets' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
chomp (my $indextargets = do { local $/; <$fh> });
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($indextargets eq '') {
|
|
info "content of /etc/apt/sources.list:";
|
|
if ($verbosity_level >= 1) {
|
|
copy("$options->{root}/etc/apt/sources.list", *STDERR);
|
|
}
|
|
error "apt-get update didn't download anything";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my %pkgs_to_install;
|
|
if (defined $options->{include}) {
|
|
for my $pkg (split /,/, $options->{include}) {
|
|
$pkgs_to_install{$pkg} = ();
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if ($options->{variant} eq 'buildd') {
|
|
$pkgs_to_install{'build-essential'} = ();
|
|
}
|
|
# To figure out the right package set for the apt variant we can use:
|
|
# $ apt-get dist-upgrade -o dir::state::status=/dev/null
|
|
# This is because that variants only contain essential packages and
|
|
# apt and libapt treats apt as essential. If we want to install less
|
|
# (essential variant) then we have to compute the package set ourselves.
|
|
# Same if we want to install priority based variants.
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('extract', 'custom')) {
|
|
info "downloading packages with apt...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
'-oApt::Get::Download-Only=true',
|
|
'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [keys %pkgs_to_install],
|
|
});
|
|
} elsif ($options->{variant} eq 'apt') {
|
|
# if we just want to install Essential:yes packages, apt and their
|
|
# dependencies then we can make use of libapt treating apt as
|
|
# implicitly essential. An upgrade with the (currently) empty status
|
|
# file will trigger an installation of the essential packages plus apt.
|
|
#
|
|
# 2018-09-02, #debian-dpkg on OFTC, times in UTC+2
|
|
# 23:39 < josch> I'll just put it in my script and if it starts
|
|
# breaking some time I just say it's apt's fault. :P
|
|
# 23:42 < DonKult> that is how it usually works, so yes, do that :P (<-
|
|
# and please add that line next to it so you can
|
|
# remind me in 5+ years that I said that after I wrote
|
|
# in the bugreport: "Are you crazy?!? Nobody in his
|
|
# right mind would even suggest depending on it!")
|
|
info "downloading packages with apt...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
'-oApt::Get::Download-Only=true',
|
|
'dist-upgrade'],
|
|
});
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('essential', 'standard', 'important', 'required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
my %ess_pkgs;
|
|
open(my $pipe_apt, '-|', 'apt-get', 'indextargets', '--format', '$(FILENAME)', 'Created-By: Packages') or error "cannot start apt-get indextargets: $!";
|
|
while (my $fname = <$pipe_apt>) {
|
|
chomp $fname;
|
|
open (my $pipe_cat, '-|', '/usr/lib/apt/apt-helper', 'cat-file', $fname) or error "cannot start apt-helper cat-file: $!";
|
|
|
|
my $pkgname;
|
|
my $ess = '';
|
|
my $prio = 'optional';
|
|
my $arch = '';
|
|
while (my $line = <$pipe_cat>) {
|
|
chomp $line;
|
|
# Dpkg::Index takes 10 seconds to parse a typical Packages
|
|
# file. Thus we instead use a simple parser that just retrieve
|
|
# the information we need.
|
|
if ($line ne "") {
|
|
if ($line =~ /^Package: (.*)/) {
|
|
$pkgname = $1;
|
|
} elsif ($line =~ /^Essential: yes$/) {
|
|
$ess = 'yes'
|
|
} elsif ($line =~ /^Priority: (.*)/) {
|
|
$prio = $1;
|
|
} elsif ($line =~ /^Architecture: (.*)/) {
|
|
$arch = $1;
|
|
}
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
# we are only interested of packages of native architecture or
|
|
# Architecture:all
|
|
if ($arch eq $options->{nativearch} or $arch eq 'all') {
|
|
# the line is empty, thus a package stanza just finished
|
|
# processing and we can handle it now
|
|
if ($ess eq 'yes') {
|
|
$ess_pkgs{$pkgname} = ();
|
|
} elsif ($options->{variant} eq 'essential') {
|
|
# for this variant we are only interested in the
|
|
# essential packages
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('standard', 'important', 'required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
if ($prio eq 'optional' or $prio eq 'extra') {
|
|
# always ignore packages of priority optional and extra
|
|
} elsif ($prio eq 'standard') {
|
|
if (none { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('important', 'required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
$pkgs_to_install{$pkgname} = ();
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($prio eq 'important') {
|
|
if (none { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
$pkgs_to_install{$pkgname} = ();
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($prio eq 'required') {
|
|
# required packages are part of all sets except
|
|
# essential and apt
|
|
$pkgs_to_install{$pkgname} = ();
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown priority: $prio";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown variant: $options->{variant}";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
# reset values
|
|
undef $pkgname;
|
|
$ess = '';
|
|
$prio = 'optional';
|
|
$arch = '';
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
close $pipe_cat;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "apt-helper cat-file failed: $?";
|
|
}
|
|
close $pipe_apt;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "apt-get indextargets failed: $?";
|
|
|
|
info "downloading packages with apt...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
'-oApt::Get::Download-Only=true',
|
|
'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [keys %ess_pkgs],
|
|
});
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown variant: $options->{variant}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# extract the downloaded packages
|
|
my @essential_pkgs;
|
|
{
|
|
my $apt_archives = "/var/cache/apt/archives/";
|
|
opendir my $dh, "$options->{root}/$apt_archives" or error "cannot read $apt_archives";
|
|
while (my $deb = readdir $dh) {
|
|
if ($deb !~ /\.deb$/) {
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
$deb = "$apt_archives/$deb";
|
|
if (!-f "$options->{root}/$deb") {
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
push @essential_pkgs, $deb;
|
|
}
|
|
close $dh;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if (scalar @essential_pkgs == 0) {
|
|
# check if a file:// URI was used
|
|
open(my $pipe_apt, '-|', 'apt-get', 'indextargets', '--format', '$(URI)', 'Created-By: Packages') or error "cannot start apt-get indextargets: $!";
|
|
while (my $uri = <$pipe_apt>) {
|
|
if ($uri =~ /^file:\/\//) {
|
|
error "nothing got downloaded -- use copy:// instead of file://";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
error "nothing got downloaded";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# We have to extract the packages from @essential_pkgs either if we run in
|
|
# chrootless mode and extract variant or in any other mode.
|
|
# In other words, the only scenario in which the @essential_pkgs are not
|
|
# extracted are in chrootless mode in any other than the extract variant.
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'chrootless' and $options->{variant} ne 'extract') {
|
|
# nothing to do
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "extracting archives...";
|
|
print_progress 0.0;
|
|
my $counter = 0;
|
|
my $total = scalar @essential_pkgs;
|
|
foreach my $deb (@essential_pkgs) {
|
|
$counter += 1;
|
|
# not using dpkg-deb --extract as that would replace the
|
|
# merged-usr symlinks with plain directories
|
|
pipe my $rfh, my $wfh;
|
|
my $pid1 = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
|
|
if ($pid1 == 0) {
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>&', $wfh);
|
|
exec 'dpkg-deb', '--fsys-tarfile', "$options->{root}/$deb";
|
|
}
|
|
my $pid2 = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
|
|
if ($pid2 == 0) {
|
|
open(STDIN, '<&', $rfh);
|
|
exec 'tar', '-C', $options->{root}, '--keep-directory-symlink', '--extract', '--file', '-';
|
|
}
|
|
waitpid($pid1, 0);
|
|
$? == 0 or error "dpkg-deb --fsys-tarfile failed: $?";
|
|
waitpid($pid2, 0);
|
|
$? == 0 or error "tar --extract failed: $?";
|
|
print_progress ($counter/$total*100);
|
|
}
|
|
print_progress "done";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'chrootless') {
|
|
info "installing packages...";
|
|
# FIXME: the dpkg config from the host is parsed before the command
|
|
# line arguments are parsed and might break this mode
|
|
# Example: if the host has --path-exclude set, then this will also
|
|
# affect the chroot.
|
|
my @chrootless_opts = (
|
|
'-oDPkg::Options::=--force-not-root',
|
|
'-oDPkg::Options::=--force-script-chrootless',
|
|
'-oDPkg::Options::=--root=' . $options->{root},
|
|
'-oDPkg::Options::=--log=' . "$options->{root}/var/log/dpkg.log");
|
|
if ($options->{variant} eq 'extract') {
|
|
# nothing to do
|
|
} else {
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
@chrootless_opts,
|
|
'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [map { "$options->{root}/$_" } @essential_pkgs],
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('extract', 'custom')) {
|
|
# nothing to do
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('essential', 'apt', 'standard', 'important', 'required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
# run essential hooks
|
|
run_hooks('essential', $options);
|
|
|
|
if (%pkgs_to_install) {
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
@chrootless_opts,
|
|
'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [keys %pkgs_to_install],
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown variant: $options->{variant}";
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare', 'fakechroot', 'proot')) {
|
|
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('extract', 'custom')) {
|
|
# nothing to do
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('essential', 'apt', 'standard', 'important', 'required', 'buildd', 'minbase')) {
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
|
|
# this borrows from and extends
|
|
# /etc/fakechroot/debootstrap.env and /etc/fakechroot/chroot.env
|
|
{
|
|
my @fakechrootsubst = ();
|
|
foreach my $dir ('/usr/sbin', '/usr/bin', '/sbin', '/bin') {
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, "$dir/chroot=/usr/sbin/chroot.fakechroot";
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, "$dir/mkfifo=/bin/true";
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, "$dir/ldconfig=/bin/true";
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, "$dir/ldd=/usr/bin/ldd.fakechroot";
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, "$dir/ischroot=/bin/true";
|
|
}
|
|
if (defined $ENV{FAKECHROOT_CMD_SUBST}
|
|
&& $ENV{FAKECHROOT_CMD_SUBST} ne "") {
|
|
push @fakechrootsubst, split /:/, $ENV{FAKECHROOT_CMD_SUBST};
|
|
}
|
|
$ENV{FAKECHROOT_CMD_SUBST} = join ':', @fakechrootsubst;
|
|
}
|
|
if (defined $ENV{FAKECHROOT_EXCLUDE_PATH}
|
|
&& $ENV{FAKECHROOT_EXCLUDE_PATH} ne "") {
|
|
$ENV{FAKECHROOT_EXCLUDE_PATH} = "$ENV{FAKECHROOT_EXCLUDE_PATH}:/dev:/proc:/sys";
|
|
} else {
|
|
$ENV{FAKECHROOT_EXCLUDE_PATH} = '/dev:/proc:/sys';
|
|
}
|
|
# workaround for long unix socket path if FAKECHROOT_BASE
|
|
# exceeds the limit of 108 bytes
|
|
$ENV{FAKECHROOT_AF_UNIX_PATH} = "/tmp";
|
|
{
|
|
my @ldsoconf = ('/etc/ld.so.conf');
|
|
opendir(my $dh, '/etc/ld.so.conf.d') or error "Can't opendir(/etc/ld.so.conf.d): $!";
|
|
while (my $entry = readdir $dh) {
|
|
# skip the "." and ".." entries
|
|
next if $entry eq ".";
|
|
next if $entry eq "..";
|
|
next if $entry !~ /\.conf$/;
|
|
push @ldsoconf, "/etc/ld.so.conf.d/$entry";
|
|
}
|
|
closedir($dh);
|
|
my @ldlibpath = ();
|
|
if (defined $ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
|
|
&& $ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} ne "") {
|
|
push @ldlibpath, (split /:/, $ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH});
|
|
}
|
|
# FIXME: workaround allowing installation of systemd should
|
|
# live in fakechroot, see #917920
|
|
push @ldlibpath, "/lib/systemd";
|
|
foreach my $fname (@ldsoconf) {
|
|
open my $fh, "<", $fname or error "cannot open $fname for reading: $!";
|
|
while (my $line = <$fh>) {
|
|
next if $line !~ /^\//;
|
|
push @ldlibpath, $line;
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
$ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} = join ':', @ldlibpath;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# make sure that APT_CONFIG is not set when executing anything inside the
|
|
# chroot
|
|
my @chrootcmd = ();
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'proot') {
|
|
push @chrootcmd, (
|
|
'proot',
|
|
'--root-id',
|
|
'--bind=/dev',
|
|
'--bind=/proc',
|
|
'--bind=/sys',
|
|
"--rootfs=$options->{root}",
|
|
'--cwd=/');
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare', 'fakechroot')) {
|
|
push @chrootcmd, ('/usr/sbin/chroot', $options->{root});
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# copy qemu-user-static binary into chroot or setup proot with --qemu
|
|
if (defined $options->{qemu}) {
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'proot') {
|
|
push @chrootcmd, "--qemu=qemu-$options->{qemu}";
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
|
|
# The binfmt support on the outside is used, so qemu needs to know
|
|
# where it has to look for shared libraries
|
|
$ENV{QEMU_LD_PREFIX} = $options->{root};
|
|
# Make sure that the fakeroot and fakechroot shared libraries
|
|
# exist for the right architecture
|
|
open my $fh, '-|', 'dpkg-architecture', '-a', $options->{nativearch}, '-qDEB_HOST_MULTIARCH' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
chomp (my $deb_host_multiarch = do { local $/; <$fh> });
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($? != 0 or !$deb_host_multiarch) {
|
|
error "dpkg-architecture failed: $?";
|
|
}
|
|
my $fakechrootdir = "/usr/lib/$deb_host_multiarch/fakechroot";
|
|
if (!-e "$fakechrootdir/libfakechroot.so") {
|
|
error "$fakechrootdir/libfakechroot.so doesn't exist. Install libfakechroot:$options->{nativearch} outside the chroot";
|
|
}
|
|
my $fakerootdir = "/usr/lib/$deb_host_multiarch/libfakeroot";
|
|
if (!-e "$fakerootdir/libfakeroot-sysv.so") {
|
|
error "$fakerootdir/libfakeroot-sysv.so doesn't exist. Install libfakeroot:$options->{nativearch} outside the chroot";
|
|
}
|
|
# fakechroot only fills LD_LIBRARY_PATH with the directories of
|
|
# the host's architecture. We append the directories of the chroot
|
|
# architecture.
|
|
$ENV{LD_LIBRARY_PATH} .= ":$fakechrootdir:$fakerootdir";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'unshare')) {
|
|
# other modes require a static qemu-user binary
|
|
my $qemubin = "/usr/bin/qemu-$options->{qemu}-static";
|
|
if (!-e $qemubin) {
|
|
error "cannot find $qemubin";
|
|
}
|
|
copy $qemubin, "$options->{root}/$qemubin" or error "cannot copy $qemubin: $!";
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# some versions of coreutils use the renameat2 system call in mv.
|
|
# This breaks certain versions of fakechroot and proot. Here we do
|
|
# a sanity check and warn the user in case things might break.
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('fakechroot', 'proot') and -e "$options->{root}/bin/mv") {
|
|
mkdir "$options->{root}/000-move-me" or error "cannot create directory: $!";
|
|
my $ret = system @chrootcmd, '/bin/mv', '/000-move-me', '/001-delete-me';
|
|
if ($ret != 0) {
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'proot') {
|
|
info "the /bin/mv binary inside the chroot doesn't work under proot";
|
|
info "this is likely due to missing support for renameat2 in proot";
|
|
info "see https://github.com/proot-me/PRoot/issues/147";
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "the /bin/mv binary inside the chroot doesn't work under fakechroot";
|
|
info "with certain versions of coreutils and glibc, this is due to missing support for renameat2 in fakechroot";
|
|
info "see https://github.com/dex4er/fakechroot/issues/60";
|
|
}
|
|
info "expect package post installation scripts not to work";
|
|
rmdir "$options->{root}/000-move-me" or error "cannot rmdir: $!";
|
|
} else {
|
|
rmdir "$options->{root}/001-delete-me" or error "cannot rmdir: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# install the extracted packages properly
|
|
# we need --force-depends because dpkg does not take Pre-Depends into
|
|
# account and thus doesn't install them in the right order
|
|
# And the --predep-package option is broken: #539133
|
|
info "installing packages...";
|
|
run_dpkg_progress({
|
|
ARGV => [@chrootcmd, 'env', '--unset=TMPDIR',
|
|
'dpkg', '--install', '--force-depends'],
|
|
PKGS => \@essential_pkgs,
|
|
});
|
|
|
|
# if the path-excluded option was added to the dpkg config, reinstall all
|
|
# packages
|
|
if (-e "$options->{root}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap") {
|
|
open(my $fh, '<', "$options->{root}/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap") or error "cannot open /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap: $!";
|
|
my $num_matches = grep /^path-exclude=/, <$fh>;
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($num_matches > 0) {
|
|
# without --skip-same-version, dpkg will install the given
|
|
# packages even though they are already installed
|
|
info "re-installing packages because of path-exclude...";
|
|
run_dpkg_progress({
|
|
ARGV => [@chrootcmd, 'env', '--unset=TMPDIR',
|
|
'dpkg', '--install', '--force-depends'],
|
|
PKGS => \@essential_pkgs,
|
|
});
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
foreach my $deb (@essential_pkgs) {
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/$deb" or error "cannot unlink $deb";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# run essential hooks
|
|
run_hooks('essential', $options);
|
|
|
|
if (%pkgs_to_install) {
|
|
# some packages have to be installed from the outside before anything
|
|
# can be installed from the inside.
|
|
#
|
|
# we do not need to install any *-archive-keyring packages inside the
|
|
# chroot prior to installing the packages, because the keyring is only
|
|
# used when doing "apt-get update" and that was already done at the
|
|
# beginning using key material from the outside. Since the apt cache
|
|
# is already filled and we are not calling "apt-get update" again, the
|
|
# keyring can be installed later during installation. But: if it's not
|
|
# installed during installation, then we might end up with a fully
|
|
# installed system without keyrings that are valid for its
|
|
# sources.list.
|
|
my %pkgs_to_install_from_outside;
|
|
|
|
# install apt if necessary
|
|
if ($options->{variant} ne 'apt') {
|
|
$pkgs_to_install_from_outside{apt} = ();
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# since apt will be run inside the chroot, make sure that
|
|
# apt-transport-https and ca-certificates gets installed first if any
|
|
# mirror is a https URI
|
|
open(my $pipe_apt, '-|', 'apt-get', 'indextargets', '--format', '$(URI)', 'Created-By: Packages') or error "cannot start apt-get indextargets: $!";
|
|
while (my $uri = <$pipe_apt>) {
|
|
if ($uri =~ /^https:\/\//) {
|
|
# FIXME: support for https is part of apt >= 1.5
|
|
$pkgs_to_install_from_outside{'apt-transport-https'} = ();
|
|
$pkgs_to_install_from_outside{'ca-certificates'} = ();
|
|
last;
|
|
} elsif ($uri =~ /^tor(\+[a-z]+)*:\/\//) {
|
|
# tor URIs can be tor+http://, tor+https:// or even
|
|
# tor+mirror+file://
|
|
$pkgs_to_install_from_outside{'apt-transport-tor'} = ();
|
|
last;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
close $pipe_apt;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "apt-get indextargets failed";
|
|
|
|
if (%pkgs_to_install_from_outside) {
|
|
info 'downloading ' . (join ', ', keys %pkgs_to_install_from_outside) . "...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--yes',
|
|
'-oApt::Get::Download-Only=true',
|
|
'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [keys %pkgs_to_install_from_outside],
|
|
});
|
|
my @debs_to_install;
|
|
my $apt_archives = "/var/cache/apt/archives/";
|
|
opendir my $dh, "$options->{root}/$apt_archives" or error "cannot read $apt_archives";
|
|
while (my $deb = readdir $dh) {
|
|
if ($deb !~ /\.deb$/) {
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
$deb = "$apt_archives/$deb";
|
|
if (!-f "$options->{root}/$deb") {
|
|
next;
|
|
}
|
|
push @debs_to_install, $deb;
|
|
}
|
|
close $dh;
|
|
if (scalar @debs_to_install == 0) {
|
|
error "nothing got downloaded";
|
|
}
|
|
# we need --force-depends because dpkg does not take Pre-Depends
|
|
# into account and thus doesn't install them in the right order
|
|
info 'installing ' . (join ', ', keys %pkgs_to_install_from_outside) . "...";
|
|
run_dpkg_progress({
|
|
ARGV => [@chrootcmd, 'env', '--unset=TMPDIR',
|
|
'dpkg', '--install', '--force-depends'],
|
|
PKGS => \@debs_to_install,
|
|
});
|
|
foreach my $deb (@debs_to_install) {
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/$deb" or error "cannot unlink $deb";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
run_chroot {
|
|
info "installing remaining packages inside the chroot...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => [@chrootcmd, 'env',
|
|
'--unset=APT_CONFIG',
|
|
'--unset=TMPDIR',
|
|
'apt-get', '--yes', 'install'],
|
|
PKGS => [keys %pkgs_to_install],
|
|
});
|
|
} $options;
|
|
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown variant: $options->{variant}";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
run_hooks('customize', $options);
|
|
|
|
# clean up temporary configuration file
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00mmdebstrap" or error "failed to unlink /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00mmdebstrap: $!";
|
|
|
|
info "cleaning package lists and apt cache...";
|
|
run_apt_progress({
|
|
ARGV => ['apt-get', '--option', 'Dir::Etc::SourceList=/dev/null', 'update'],
|
|
});
|
|
run_apt_progress({ ARGV => ['apt-get', 'clean'] });
|
|
|
|
if (defined $options->{qemu} and $options->{mode} ne 'proot' and $options->{mode} ne 'fakechroot') {
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/usr/bin/qemu-$options->{qemu}-static" or error "cannot unlink /usr/bin/qemu-$options->{qemu}-static";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# clean up certain files to make output reproducible
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/log/dpkg.log";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/log/apt/history.log";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/log/apt/term.log";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/log/alternatives.log";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/cache/ldconfig/aux-cache";
|
|
|
|
# clean up leftover lock files
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/cache/apt/archives/lock";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/lib/apt/extended_states";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/lib/apt/lists/lock";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/lib/dpkg/lock-frontend";
|
|
unlink "$options->{root}/var/lib/dpkg/lock";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
sub main() {
|
|
umask 022;
|
|
|
|
my $mtime = time;
|
|
if (exists $ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}) {
|
|
$mtime = $ENV{SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH}+0;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
$ENV{DEBIAN_FRONTEND} = 'noninteractive';
|
|
$ENV{DEBCONF_NONINTERACTIVE_SEEN} = 'true';
|
|
$ENV{LC_ALL} = 'C.UTF-8';
|
|
$ENV{LANGUAGE} = 'C.UTF-8';
|
|
$ENV{LANG} = 'C.UTF-8';
|
|
|
|
# copy ARGV because getopt modifies it
|
|
my @ARGVORIG = @ARGV;
|
|
|
|
my $options = {
|
|
components => "main",
|
|
variant => "important",
|
|
include => undef,
|
|
mode => 'auto',
|
|
dpkgopts => [],
|
|
aptopts => [],
|
|
noop => [],
|
|
setup_hook => [],
|
|
essential_hook => [],
|
|
customize_hook => [],
|
|
};
|
|
chomp ($options->{architectures} = `dpkg --print-architecture`);
|
|
my $logfile = undef;
|
|
Getopt::Long::Configure ('default', 'bundling', 'auto_abbrev', 'ignore_case_always');
|
|
GetOptions(
|
|
'h|help' => sub { pod2usage(-exitval => 0, -verbose => 2) },
|
|
'version' => sub { print STDOUT "mmdebstrap $VERSION\n"; exit 0; },
|
|
'components=s' => \$options->{components},
|
|
'variant=s' => \$options->{variant},
|
|
'include=s' => \$options->{include},
|
|
'architectures=s' => \$options->{architectures},
|
|
'mode=s' => \$options->{mode},
|
|
'dpkgopt=s@' => \$options->{dpkgopts},
|
|
'aptopt=s@' => \$options->{aptopts},
|
|
's|silent' => sub { $verbosity_level = 0; },
|
|
'q|quiet' => sub { $verbosity_level = 0; },
|
|
'v|verbose' => sub { $verbosity_level = 2; },
|
|
'd|debug' => sub { $verbosity_level = 3; },
|
|
'logfile=s' => \$logfile,
|
|
# no-op options so that mmdebstrap can be used with
|
|
# sbuild-createchroot --debootstrap=mmdebstrap
|
|
'resolve-deps' => sub { push @{$options->{noop}}, 'resolve-deps'; },
|
|
'merged-usr' => sub { push @{$options->{noop}}, 'merged-usr'; },
|
|
'no-merged-usr' => sub { push @{$options->{noop}}, 'no-merged-usr'; },
|
|
# hook options are hidden until I'm happy with them
|
|
'setup-hook=s@' => \$options->{setup_hook},
|
|
'essential-hook=s@' => \$options->{essential_hook},
|
|
'customize-hook=s@' => \$options->{customize_hook},
|
|
) or pod2usage(-exitval => 2, -verbose => 1);
|
|
|
|
if (defined($logfile)) {
|
|
open(STDERR, '>', $logfile) or error "cannot open $logfile: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
foreach my $arg (@{$options->{noop}}) {
|
|
info "The option --$arg is a no-op. It only exists for compatibility with some debootstrap wrappers.";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my @valid_variants = ('extract', 'custom', 'essential', 'apt', 'required',
|
|
'minbase', 'buildd', 'important', 'debootstrap', '-', 'standard');
|
|
if (none { $_ eq $options->{variant}} @valid_variants) {
|
|
error "invalid variant. Choose from " . (join ', ', @valid_variants);
|
|
}
|
|
# debootstrap and - are an alias for important
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('-', 'debootstrap')) {
|
|
$options->{variant} = 'important';
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{variant} eq 'essential' and defined $options->{include}) {
|
|
error "cannot install extra packages with variant essential because apt is missing";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# fakeroot is an alias for fakechroot
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'fakeroot') {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'fakechroot';
|
|
}
|
|
# sudo is an alias for root
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'sudo') {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'root';
|
|
}
|
|
my @valid_modes = ('auto', 'root', 'unshare', 'fakechroot', 'proot',
|
|
'chrootless');
|
|
if (none { $_ eq $options->{mode} } @valid_modes) {
|
|
error "invalid mode. Choose from " . (join ', ', @valid_modes);
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# figure out the mode to use or test whether the chosen mode is legal
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'auto') {
|
|
if ($EFFECTIVE_USER_ID == 0) {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'root';
|
|
} elsif (test_unshare(0)) {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'unshare';
|
|
} elsif (system('fakechroot --version>/dev/null') == 0) {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'fakechroot';
|
|
} elsif (system('proot --version>/dev/null') == 0) {
|
|
$options->{mode} = 'proot';
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unable to pick chroot mode automatically";
|
|
}
|
|
info "automatically chosen mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'root') {
|
|
if ($EFFECTIVE_USER_ID != 0) {
|
|
error "need to be root";
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'proot') {
|
|
if (system('proot --version>/dev/null') != 0) {
|
|
error "need working proot binary";
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
|
|
# test if we are inside fakechroot already
|
|
# We fork a child process because setting FAKECHROOT_DETECT seems to
|
|
# be an irreversible operation for fakechroot.
|
|
my $pid = open my $rfh, '-|' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
if ($pid == 0) {
|
|
# with the FAKECHROOT_DETECT environment variable set, any program
|
|
# execution will be replaced with the output "fakeroot [version]"
|
|
$ENV{FAKECHROOT_DETECT} = 0;
|
|
exec 'echo', 'If fakechroot is running, this will not be printed';
|
|
}
|
|
my $content = do { local $/; <$rfh> };
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
if ($? == 0 and $content =~ /^fakechroot \d\.\d+$/) {
|
|
# fakechroot is already running
|
|
} elsif (system('fakechroot --version>/dev/null') != 0) {
|
|
error "need working fakechroot binary";
|
|
} else {
|
|
# exec ourselves again but within fakechroot
|
|
exec 'fakechroot', 'fakeroot', $PROGRAM_NAME, @ARGVORIG;
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
if (!test_unshare(1)) {
|
|
my $procfile = '/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone';
|
|
open(my $fh, '<', $procfile) or error "failed to open $procfile: $!";
|
|
chomp(my $content = do { local $/; <$fh> });
|
|
close($fh);
|
|
if ($content ne "1") {
|
|
info "/proc/sys/kernel/unprivileged_userns_clone is set to $content";
|
|
info "try running: sudo sysctl -w kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone=1";
|
|
info "or permanently enable unprivileged usernamespaces by putting the setting into /etc/sysctl.d/";
|
|
info "see https://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=898446";
|
|
}
|
|
exit 1;
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'chrootless') {
|
|
# nothing to do
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my ($nativearch, @foreignarchs) = split /,/, $options->{architectures};
|
|
$options->{nativearch} = $nativearch;
|
|
$options->{foreignarchs} = \@foreignarchs;
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
# FIXME: autogenerate this list
|
|
my $deb2qemu = {
|
|
alpha => 'alpha',
|
|
amd64 => 'x86_64',
|
|
arm => 'arm',
|
|
arm64 => 'aarch64',
|
|
armel => 'arm',
|
|
armhf => 'arm',
|
|
hppa => 'hppa',
|
|
i386 => 'i386',
|
|
m68k => 'm68k',
|
|
mips => 'mips',
|
|
mips64 => 'mips64',
|
|
mips64el => 'mips64el',
|
|
mipsel => 'mipsel',
|
|
powerpc => 'ppc',
|
|
ppc64 => 'ppc64',
|
|
ppc64el => 'ppc64le',
|
|
riscv64 => 'riscv64',
|
|
s390x => 's390x',
|
|
sh4 => 'sh4',
|
|
sparc => 'sparc',
|
|
sparc64 => 'sparc64',
|
|
};
|
|
chomp (my $hostarch = `dpkg --print-architecture`);
|
|
if ($hostarch ne $nativearch) {
|
|
my $pid = open my $fh, '-|' // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
if ($pid == 0) {
|
|
{
|
|
no warnings; # don't print a warning if the following fails
|
|
exec 'arch-test', '-n', $nativearch;
|
|
}
|
|
# if exec didn't work (for example because the arch-test program is
|
|
# missing) prepare for the worst and assume that the architecture
|
|
# cannot be executed
|
|
print "$nativearch: not supported on this machine/kernel\n";
|
|
exit 1;
|
|
}
|
|
chomp (my $content = do { local $/; <$fh> });
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($? != 0 or $content ne "$nativearch: ok") {
|
|
info "$nativearch cannot be executed, falling back to qemu-user";
|
|
if (!exists $deb2qemu->{$nativearch}) {
|
|
error "no mapping from $nativearch to qemu-user binary";
|
|
}
|
|
$options->{qemu} = $deb2qemu->{$nativearch};
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '<', '/proc/filesystems' or error "failed to open /proc/filesystems: $!";
|
|
unless (grep /^nodev\tbinfmt_misc$/, (<$fh>)) {
|
|
error "binfmt_misc not found in /proc/filesystems -- is the module loaded?";
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '<', '/proc/mounts' or error "failed to open /proc/mounts: $!";
|
|
unless (grep /^binfmt_misc \/proc\/sys\/fs\/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc/, (<$fh>)) {
|
|
error "binfmt_misc not found in /proc/mounts -- not mounted?";
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
{
|
|
open my $fh, '-|', '/usr/sbin/update-binfmts', '--display', "qemu-$options->{qemu}" // error "failed to fork(): $!";
|
|
chomp (my $binfmts = do { local $/; <$fh> });
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
if ($binfmts eq '') {
|
|
error "qemu-$options->{qemu} is not a supported binfmt name";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "$nativearch can be executed on this $hostarch machine";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "chroot architecture $nativearch is equal to the host's architecture";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
my $suite;
|
|
if (scalar @ARGV > 0) {
|
|
$suite = shift @ARGV;
|
|
if (scalar @ARGV > 0) {
|
|
$options->{target} = shift @ARGV;
|
|
} else {
|
|
$options->{target} = '-';
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
info "No SUITE specified, expecting sources.list on standard input";
|
|
$options->{target} = '-';
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $sourceslist = '';
|
|
my $stdindata = '';
|
|
# make sure that we only attempt to read from STDIN if it's *not*
|
|
# connected to the terminal (because we don't expect the user to type
|
|
# the sources.list file
|
|
if (! -t STDIN) {
|
|
info "Reading sources.list from standard input...";
|
|
$stdindata = do { local $/; <STDIN> };
|
|
}
|
|
if (! defined $suite) {
|
|
# If no suite was specified, then the whole sources.list has to
|
|
# come from standard input
|
|
$sourceslist .= $stdindata;
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (scalar @ARGV > 0) {
|
|
for my $arg (@ARGV) {
|
|
if ($arg eq '-') {
|
|
$sourceslist .= $stdindata;
|
|
} elsif ($arg =~ /^deb(-src)? /) {
|
|
$sourceslist .= "$arg\n";
|
|
} elsif ($arg =~ /:\/\//) {
|
|
$sourceslist .= "deb $arg $suite $options->{components}\n";
|
|
} elsif (-f $arg) {
|
|
open my $fh, '<', $arg or error "cannot open $arg: $!";
|
|
while (my $line = <$fh>) {
|
|
$sourceslist .= $line;
|
|
}
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "invalid mirror: $arg";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
# if there was no explicit '-' mirror listed and something was
|
|
# read on standard input, then just append it to the end
|
|
if (none { $_ eq '-' } @ARGV) {
|
|
# if nothing was read on standard input then nothing will
|
|
# be appended
|
|
$sourceslist .= $stdindata;
|
|
}
|
|
} elsif ($stdindata ne '') {
|
|
$sourceslist .= $stdindata;
|
|
} else {
|
|
# FIXME: change default mirror depending on $suite
|
|
# (for derivatives)
|
|
$sourceslist .= "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian $suite $options->{components}\n";
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $suite } ('stable', 'oldstable', 'stretch') ) {
|
|
$sourceslist .= "deb http://deb.debian.org/debian $suite-updates $options->{components}\n";
|
|
$sourceslist .= "deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security $suite/updates $options->{components}\n";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if ($sourceslist eq '') {
|
|
error "empty apt sources.list";
|
|
}
|
|
$options->{sourceslist} = $sourceslist;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{target} ne '-') {
|
|
my $abs_path = abs_path($options->{target});
|
|
if (!defined $abs_path) {
|
|
error "unable to get absolute path of target directory $options->{target}";
|
|
}
|
|
$options->{target} = $abs_path;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{target} eq '/') {
|
|
error "refusing to use the filesystem root as output directory";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $tar_compressor = get_tar_compressor($options->{target});
|
|
|
|
# figure out whether a tarball has to be created in the end
|
|
$options->{maketar} = 0;
|
|
if (defined $tar_compressor or $options->{target} =~ /\.tar$/ or $options->{target} eq '-') {
|
|
$options->{maketar} = 1;
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{variant} } ('extract', 'custom') and $options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
|
|
info "creating a tarball in fakechroot mode might fail in extract and custom variants because there might be no tar inside the chroot";
|
|
}
|
|
# try to fail early if target tarball cannot be opened for writing
|
|
if ($options->{target} ne '-') {
|
|
open my $fh, '>', $options->{target} or error "cannot open $options->{target} for writing: $!";
|
|
close $fh;
|
|
}
|
|
# check if the compressor is installed
|
|
if (defined $tar_compressor) {
|
|
my $pid = fork();
|
|
if ($pid == 0) {
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>', '/dev/null') or error "cannot open /dev/null for writing: $!";
|
|
open(STDIN, '<', '/dev/null') or error "cannot open /dev/null for reading: $!";
|
|
exec $tar_compressor or error "cannot exec $tar_compressor: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
if ($? != 0) {
|
|
error "failed to start $tar_compressor";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{maketar}) {
|
|
# since the output is a tarball, we create the rootfs in a temporary
|
|
# directory
|
|
$options->{root} = tempdir(
|
|
'mmdebstrap.XXXXXXXXXX',
|
|
DIR => File::Spec->tmpdir
|
|
);
|
|
info "using $options->{root} as tempdir";
|
|
# in unshare and root mode, other users than the current user need to
|
|
# access the rootfs, most prominently, the _apt user. Thus, make the
|
|
# temporary directory world readable.
|
|
if (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('unshare', 'root')) {
|
|
chmod 0755, $options->{root} or error "cannot chmod root: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
# user does not seem to have specified a tarball as output, thus work
|
|
# directly in the supplied directory
|
|
$options->{root} = $options->{target};
|
|
if (-e $options->{root}) {
|
|
if (!-d $options->{root}) {
|
|
error "$options->{root} exists and is not a directory";
|
|
}
|
|
# check if the directory is empty or contains nothing more than an
|
|
# empty lost+found directory. The latter exists on freshly created
|
|
# ext3 and ext4 partitions.
|
|
# rationale for requiring an empty directory: https://bugs.debian.org/833525
|
|
opendir(my $dh, $options->{root}) or error "Can't opendir($options->{root}): $!";
|
|
while (my $entry = readdir $dh) {
|
|
# skip the "." and ".." entries
|
|
next if $entry eq ".";
|
|
next if $entry eq "..";
|
|
# if the entry is a directory named "lost+found" then skip it
|
|
# if it's empty
|
|
if ($entry eq "lost+found" and -d "$options->{root}/$entry") {
|
|
opendir(my $dh2, "$options->{root}/$entry");
|
|
# Attempt reading the directory thrice. If the third time
|
|
# succeeds, then it has more entries than just "." and ".."
|
|
# and must thus not be empty.
|
|
readdir $dh2;
|
|
readdir $dh2;
|
|
# rationale for requiring an empty directory:
|
|
# https://bugs.debian.org/833525
|
|
if (readdir $dh2) {
|
|
error "$options->{root} contains a non-empty lost+found directory";
|
|
}
|
|
closedir($dh2);
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "$options->{root} is not empty";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
closedir($dh);
|
|
} else {
|
|
make_path($options->{root}) or error "cannot create root: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# check for double quotes because apt doesn't allow to escape them and
|
|
# thus paths with double quotes are invalid in the apt config
|
|
if ($options->{root} =~ /"/) {
|
|
error "apt cannot handle paths with double quotes";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my @idmap;
|
|
# for unshare mode the rootfs directory has to have appropriate
|
|
# permissions
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
@idmap = read_subuid_subgid;
|
|
# sanity check
|
|
if (scalar(@idmap) != 2 || $idmap[0][0] ne 'u' || $idmap[1][0] ne 'g') {
|
|
error "invalid idmap";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $outer_gid = $REAL_GROUP_ID+0;
|
|
|
|
my $pid = get_unshare_cmd { chown 1, 1, $options->{root} }
|
|
[
|
|
['u', '0', $REAL_USER_ID, '1'],
|
|
['g', '0', $outer_gid, '1'],
|
|
['u', '1', $idmap[0][2], '1'],
|
|
['g', '1', $idmap[1][2], '1']];
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "chown failed";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# figure out whether we have mknod
|
|
$options->{havemknod} = 0;
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
my $pid = get_unshare_cmd {
|
|
$options->{havemknod} = havemknod($options->{root});
|
|
} \@idmap;
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "havemknod failed";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'fakechroot', 'proot', 'chrootless')) {
|
|
$options->{havemknod} = havemknod($options->{root});
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $devtar = '';
|
|
# We always craft the /dev entries ourselves if a tarball is to be created
|
|
if ($options->{maketar}) {
|
|
foreach my $file (@devfiles) {
|
|
my ($fname, $mode, $type, $linkname, $devmajor, $devminor) = @{$file};
|
|
my $entry = pack('a100 a8 a8 a8 a12 a12 A8 a1 a100 a8 a32 a32 a8 a8 a155 x12',
|
|
$fname,
|
|
sprintf('%07o', $mode),
|
|
sprintf('%07o', 0), # uid
|
|
sprintf('%07o', 0), # gid
|
|
sprintf('%011o', 0), # size
|
|
sprintf('%011o', $mtime),
|
|
'', # checksum
|
|
$type,
|
|
$linkname,
|
|
"ustar ",
|
|
'', # username
|
|
'', # groupname
|
|
defined($devmajor) ? sprintf('%07o', $devmajor) : '',
|
|
defined($devminor) ? sprintf('%07o', $devminor) : '',
|
|
'', # prefix
|
|
);
|
|
# compute and insert checksum
|
|
substr($entry,148,7) = sprintf("%06o\0", unpack("%16C*",$entry));
|
|
$devtar .= $entry;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
my $exitstatus = 0;
|
|
my @taropts = ('--sort=name', "--mtime=\@$mtime", '--clamp-mtime', '--numeric-owner', '--one-file-system', '-c', '--exclude=./dev');
|
|
|
|
# disable signals so that we can fork and change behaviour of the signal
|
|
# handler in the parent and child without getting interrupted
|
|
my $sigset = POSIX::SigSet->new(SIGINT, SIGHUP, SIGPIPE, SIGTERM);
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't block signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
my $pid;
|
|
pipe my $rfh, my $wfh;
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
$pid = get_unshare_cmd {
|
|
# child
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
close $rfh;
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>&', STDERR);
|
|
|
|
setup($options);
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{maketar}) {
|
|
info "creating tarball...";
|
|
|
|
# redirect tar output to the writing end of the pipe so that the
|
|
# parent process can capture the output
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>&', $wfh);
|
|
|
|
# Add ./dev as the first entries of the tar file.
|
|
# We cannot add them after calling tar, because there is no way to
|
|
# prevent tar from writing NULL entries at the end.
|
|
print $devtar;
|
|
|
|
# pack everything except ./dev
|
|
0 == system('tar', @taropts, '-C', $options->{root}, '.') or error "tar failed: $?";
|
|
|
|
info "done";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
exit 0;
|
|
} \@idmap;
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'fakechroot', 'proot', 'chrootless')) {
|
|
$pid = fork() // error "fork() failed: $!";
|
|
if ($pid == 0) {
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
close $rfh;
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>&', STDERR);
|
|
|
|
setup($options);
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{maketar}) {
|
|
info "creating tarball...";
|
|
|
|
# redirect tar output to the writing end of the pipe so that the
|
|
# parent process can capture the output
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>&', $wfh);
|
|
|
|
# Add ./dev as the first entries of the tar file.
|
|
# We cannot add them after calling tar, because there is no way to
|
|
# prevent tar from writing NULL entries at the end.
|
|
print $devtar;
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'fakechroot') {
|
|
# Fakechroot requires tar to run inside the chroot or
|
|
# otherwise absolute symlinks will include the path to the
|
|
# root directory
|
|
0 == system('/usr/sbin/chroot', $options->{root}, 'tar', @taropts, '-C', '/', '.') or error "tar failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif ($options->{mode} eq 'proot') {
|
|
# proot requires tar to run inside proot or otherwise
|
|
# permissions will be completely off
|
|
my @qemuopt = ();
|
|
if (defined $options->{qemu}) {
|
|
push @qemuopt, "--qemu=qemu-$options->{qemu}";
|
|
push @taropts, "--exclude=./host-rootfs"
|
|
}
|
|
0 == system('proot', '--root-id', "--rootfs=$options->{root}", '--cwd=/', @qemuopt, 'tar', @taropts, '-C', '/', '.') or error "tar failed: $?";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'chrootless')) {
|
|
0 == system('tar', @taropts, '-C', $options->{root}, '.') or error "tar failed: $?";
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
info "done";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
exit 0;
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# parent
|
|
|
|
my $got_signal = 0;
|
|
my $waiting_for = "setup";
|
|
my $ignore = sub {
|
|
$got_signal = shift;
|
|
info "main() received signal $got_signal: waiting for $waiting_for...";
|
|
};
|
|
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = $ignore;
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = $ignore;
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = $ignore;
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = $ignore;
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
|
|
close $wfh;
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{maketar}) {
|
|
# we use eval() so that error() doesn't take this process down and
|
|
# thus leaves the setup() process without a parent
|
|
eval {
|
|
if ($options->{target} eq '-') {
|
|
if (!copy($rfh, *STDOUT)) {
|
|
error "cannot copy to standard output: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
if (defined $tar_compressor) {
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_BLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't block signals: $!";
|
|
my $cpid = fork();
|
|
if ($cpid == 0) {
|
|
# child: default signal handlers
|
|
$SIG{'INT'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'HUP'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'PIPE'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
$SIG{'TERM'} = 'DEFAULT';
|
|
|
|
# unblock all delayed signals (and possibly handle them)
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
open(STDOUT, '>', $options->{target}) or error "cannot open $options->{target} for writing: $!";
|
|
open(STDIN, '<&', $rfh) or error "cannot open file handle for reading: $!";
|
|
exec $tar_compressor or error "cannot exec $tar_compressor: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
POSIX::sigprocmask(SIG_UNBLOCK, $sigset) or error "Can't unblock signals: $!";
|
|
waitpid $cpid, 0;
|
|
if ($? != 0) {
|
|
error "failed to start $tar_compressor";
|
|
}
|
|
} else {
|
|
if(!copy($rfh, $options->{target})) {
|
|
error "cannot copy to $options->{target}: $!";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
};
|
|
if ($@) {
|
|
# we cannot die here because that would leave the other thread
|
|
# running without a parent
|
|
warning "run_chroot failed: $@";
|
|
$exitstatus = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
close($rfh);
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
if ($? != 0) {
|
|
$exitstatus = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# change signal handler message
|
|
$waiting_for = "cleanup";
|
|
|
|
if ($options->{maketar} and -e $options->{root}) {
|
|
info "removing tempdir $options->{root}...";
|
|
if ($options->{mode} eq 'unshare') {
|
|
# We don't have permissions to remove the directory outside
|
|
# the unshared namespace, so we remove it here.
|
|
# Since this is still inside the unshared namespace, there is
|
|
# no risk of removing anything important.
|
|
$pid = get_unshare_cmd {
|
|
remove_tree($options->{root}, {error => \my $err});
|
|
if (@$err) {
|
|
for my $diag (@$err) {
|
|
my ($file, $message) = %$diag;
|
|
if ($file eq '') {
|
|
warning "general error: $message";
|
|
}
|
|
else {
|
|
warning "problem unlinking $file: $message";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
} \@idmap;
|
|
waitpid $pid, 0;
|
|
$? == 0 or error "remove_tree failed";
|
|
} elsif (any { $_ eq $options->{mode} } ('root', 'fakechroot', 'proot', 'chrootless')) {
|
|
# without unshare, we use the system's rm to recursively remove the
|
|
# temporary directory just to make sure that we do not accidentally
|
|
# remove more than we should by using --one-file-system.
|
|
#
|
|
# --interactive=never is needed when in proot mode, the
|
|
# write-protected file /apt/apt.conf.d/01autoremove-kernels is to
|
|
# be removed.
|
|
0 == system('rm', '--interactive=never', '--recursive', '--preserve-root', '--one-file-system', $options->{root}) or error "rm failed: $!";
|
|
} else {
|
|
error "unknown mode: $options->{mode}";
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
if ($got_signal) {
|
|
$exitstatus = 1;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
exit $exitstatus;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
main();
|
|
|
|
__END__
|
|
|
|
=head1 NAME
|
|
|
|
mmdebstrap - multi-mirror Debian chroot creation
|
|
|
|
=head1 SYNOPSIS
|
|
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> [B<OPTION...>] [I<SUITE> [I<TARGET> [I<MIRROR>...]]]
|
|
|
|
=head1 DESCRIPTION
|
|
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> creates a Debian chroot of I<SUITE> into I<TARGET> from one or
|
|
more I<MIRROR>s. It is meant as an alternative to the debootstrap tool (see
|
|
section B<DEBOOTSTRAP>). In contrast to debootstrap it uses apt to resolve
|
|
dependencies and is thus able to use more than one mirror and resolve more
|
|
complex dependencies.
|
|
|
|
If no I<MIRROR> option is provided, L<http://deb.debian.org/debian> is used,
|
|
except if data was given on standard input in which case the lines read from
|
|
there are used as the content of the chroot's sources.list file. If I<SUITE>
|
|
is a stable release name and no I<MIRROR> is specified, then mirrors for
|
|
updates and security are automatically added. If a I<MIRROR> option starts
|
|
with "deb " or "deb-src " then it is used as a one-line-style format entry for
|
|
apt's sources.list inside the chroot. If a I<MIRROR> option contains a "://"
|
|
then it is interpreted as a mirror URI and the apt line inside the chroot is
|
|
assembled as "deb [arch=A] B C D" where A is the host's native architecture, B
|
|
is the I<MIRROR>, C is the given I<SUITE> and D is the components given via
|
|
B<--components> (defaults to "main"). If a I<MIRROR> option happens to be an
|
|
existing file, then its contents are pasted into the chroot's sources.list.
|
|
This can be used to supply a deb822 style sources.list. If I<MIRROR> is C<->
|
|
then standard input is pasted into the chroot's sources.list. If there was
|
|
data on standard input but no C<-> mirror was listed, the lines read from
|
|
standard input will be appended to the end of the chroot's sources.list. More
|
|
than one mirror can be specified and are appended to the chroot's sources.list
|
|
in the given order. If any mirror contains a https URI, then the packages
|
|
apt-transport-https and ca-certificates will be installed inside the chroot.
|
|
If any mirror contains a tor+xxx URI, then the apt-transport-tor package will
|
|
be installed inside the chroot.
|
|
|
|
The optional I<TARGET> argument can either be the path to a directory, the
|
|
path to a tarball filename or C<->. If I<TARGET> ends with C<.tar>, or with
|
|
any of the filename extensions listed in the section B<COMPRESSION>, then
|
|
I<TARGET> will be interpreted as a path to a tarball filename. If I<TARGET> is
|
|
the path to a tarball filename or if I<TARGET> is C<-> or if no I<TARGET> was
|
|
specified, B<mmdebstrap> will create a temporary chroot directory in
|
|
C<$TMPDIR> or F</tmp>. If I<TARGET> is the path to a tarball filename,
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> will create a tarball of that directory and store it as
|
|
I<TARGET>, optionally applying a compression algorithm as indicated by its
|
|
filename extension. If I<TARGET> is C<-> or if no I<TARGET> was specified,
|
|
then an uncompressed tarball of that directory will be sent to standard
|
|
output. If I<TARGET> does not end in C<.tar> or with any of the filename
|
|
extensions listed in the section B<COMPRESSION>, then I<TARGET> will be
|
|
interpreted as the path to a directory. If the directory already exists, it
|
|
must either be empty or only contain an empty C<lost+found> directory. If a
|
|
directory is chosen as output in any other mode than B<sudo>, then its
|
|
contents will have wrong ownership information and special device files will
|
|
be missing.
|
|
|
|
The I<SUITE> may be a valid release code name (eg, sid, stretch, jessie) or a
|
|
symbolic name (eg, unstable, testing, stable, oldstable). Any suite name that
|
|
works with apt on the given mirror will work. If no I<SUITE> was specified,
|
|
then a single I<MIRROR> C<-> is added and thus the information of the desired
|
|
suite has to come from standard input as part of a valid apt sources.list
|
|
file.
|
|
|
|
All status output is printed to standard error unless B<--logfile> is used to
|
|
redirect it to a file or B<--quiet> or B<--silent> is used to suppress any
|
|
output on standard error. Help and version information will be printed to
|
|
standard error with the B<--help> and B<--version> options, respectively.
|
|
Otherwise, an uncompressed tarball might be sent to standard output if
|
|
I<TARGET> is C<-> or if no I<TARGET> was specified.
|
|
|
|
=head1 OPTIONS
|
|
|
|
Options are case insensitive. Short options may be bundled. Long options
|
|
require a double dash and may be abbreviated to uniqueness.
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item B<-h,--help>
|
|
|
|
Print this help text and exit.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--version>
|
|
|
|
Print the B<mmdebstrap> version and exit.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--variant>=I<name>
|
|
|
|
Choose which package set to install. Valid variant I<name>s are B<extract>,
|
|
B<custom>, B<essential>, B<apt>, B<required>, B<minbase>, B<buildd>,
|
|
B<important>, B<debootstrap>, B<->, and B<standard>. The default variant is
|
|
B<required>. See the section B<VARIANTS> for more information.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--mode>=I<name>
|
|
|
|
Choose how to perform the chroot operation and create a filesystem with
|
|
ownership information different from the current user. Valid mode I<name>s are B<auto>,
|
|
B<sudo>, B<root>, B<unshare>, B<fakeroot>, B<fakechroot> and B<proot>. The
|
|
default mode is B<auto>. See the section B<MODES> for more information.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--aptopt>=I<option>|I<file>
|
|
|
|
Pass arbitrary I<option>s to apt. Will be added to
|
|
F</etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap> inside the chroot. Can be specified
|
|
multiple times. Each I<option> will be appended to 99mmdebstrap. A semicolon will
|
|
be added at the end of the option if necessary. If the command line argument
|
|
is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended to 99mmdebstrap
|
|
verbatim.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
--aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"'
|
|
--aptopt='Acquire::Languages { "environment"; "en"; }'
|
|
--aptopt='Acquire::Languages "none"'
|
|
--aptopt='Apt::Install-Recommends "true"'
|
|
--aptopt='Acquire::http { Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:3142"; }'
|
|
|
|
=item B<--dpkgopt>=I<option>|I<file>
|
|
|
|
Pass arbitrary I<option>s to dpkg. Will be added to
|
|
F</etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap> inside the chroot. Can be specified
|
|
multiple times. Each I<option> will be appended to 99mmdebstrap. If the command
|
|
line argument is an existing I<file>, the content of the file will be appended to
|
|
99mmdebstrap verbatim.
|
|
|
|
Example: --dpkgopt="path-exclude=/usr/share/man/*"
|
|
|
|
=item B<--include>=I<pkg1>[,I<pkg2>,...]
|
|
|
|
Comma separated list of packages which will be installed in addition to the
|
|
packages installed by the specified variant. The direct and indirect hard
|
|
dependencies will also be installed. The behaviour of this option depends on
|
|
the selected variant. The B<extract> and B<custom> variants install no packages
|
|
by default, so for these variants, the packages specified by this option will
|
|
be the only ones that get either extracted or installed by dpkg, respectively.
|
|
For all other variants, apt is used to install the additional packages. The
|
|
B<essential> variant does not include apt and thus, the include option will
|
|
only work when the B<chrootless> mode is selected and thus apt from the outside
|
|
can be used.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--components>=I<comp1>[,I<comp2>,...]
|
|
|
|
Comma separated list of components like main, contrib and non-free which will
|
|
be used for all URI-only I<MIRROR> arguments.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--architectures>=I<native>[,I<foreign1>,...]
|
|
|
|
Comma separated list of architectures. The first architecture is the I<native>
|
|
architecture inside the chroot. The remaining architectures will be added to
|
|
the foreign dpkg architectures. Without this option, the I<native>
|
|
architecture of the chroot defaults to the native architecture of the system
|
|
running B<mmdebstrap>.
|
|
|
|
=begin comment
|
|
|
|
=item B<--setup-hook>=I<command>
|
|
|
|
Execute arbitrary I<command>s right after initial setup (directory creation,
|
|
configuration of apt and dpkg, ...) but before any packages are downloaded or
|
|
installed. At that point, the chroot directory does not contain any
|
|
executables and thus cannot be chroot-ed into. The option can be specified
|
|
multiple times and the commands are executed in the order in which they are
|
|
given on the command line. If I<command> is an existing executable file or if
|
|
I<command> does not contain any shell metacharacters, then I<command> is
|
|
directly exec-ed with the path to the chroot directory passed as the first
|
|
argument. Otherwise, I<command> is executed under I<sh> and the chroot
|
|
directory can be accessed via I<$1>. All environment variables used by
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> (like C<APT_CONFIG>, C<DEBIAN_FRONTEND>, C<LC_ALL> and C<PATH>)
|
|
are preserved.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
--setup-hook='for d in bin sbin lib; do ln -s usr/$d "$1/$d"; mkdir -p "$1/usr/$d"; done'
|
|
|
|
=item B<--essential-hook>=I<command>
|
|
|
|
Execute arbitrary I<command>s after the Essential:yes packages have been
|
|
installed but before installing the remaining packages. The hook is not
|
|
executed for the B<extract> and B<custom> variants. The option can be
|
|
specified multiple times and the commands are executed in the order in which
|
|
they are given on the command line. If I<command> is an existing executable
|
|
file or if I<command> does not contain any shell metacharacters, then
|
|
I<command> is directly exec-ed with the path to the chroot directory passed as
|
|
the first argument. Otherwise, I<command> is executed under I<sh> and the
|
|
chroot directory can be accessed via I<$1>. All environment variables used by
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> (like C<APT_CONFIG>, C<DEBIAN_FRONTEND>, C<LC_ALL> and C<PATH>)
|
|
are preserved.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
--essential-hook='echo unattended-upgrades unattended-upgrades/enable_auto_updates boolean true | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
|
|
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Areas select Europe | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
|
|
--essential-hook='echo tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections'
|
|
|
|
=item B<--customize-hook>=I<command>
|
|
|
|
Execute arbitrary I<command>s after the chroot is set up and all packages got
|
|
installed but before final cleanup actions are carried out. The option can be
|
|
specified multiple times and the commands are executed in the order in which
|
|
they are given on the command line. If I<command> is an existing executable
|
|
file or if I<command> does not contain any shell metacharacters, then
|
|
I<command> is directly exec-ed with the path to the chroot directory passed as
|
|
the first argument. Otherwise, I<command> is executed under I<sh> and the
|
|
chroot directory can be accessed via I<$1>. All environment variables used by
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> (like C<APT_CONFIG>, C<DEBIAN_FRONTEND>, C<LC_ALL> and C<PATH>)
|
|
are preserved.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete root'
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user'
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete user'
|
|
--customize-hook='echo host > "$1/etc/hostname"'
|
|
--customize-hook=/usr/share/autopkgtest/setup-commands/setup-testbed
|
|
|
|
=end comment
|
|
|
|
=item B<-q,--quiet>, B<-s,--silent>
|
|
|
|
Do not write anything to standard error. If used together with B<--verbose> or
|
|
B<--debug>, only the last option will take effect.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-v,--verbose>
|
|
|
|
Instead of progress bars, write the dpkg and apt output directly to standard
|
|
error. If used together with B<--quiet> or B<--debug>, only the last option
|
|
will take effect.
|
|
|
|
=item B<-d,--debug>
|
|
|
|
In addition to the output produced by B<--verbose>, write detailed debugging
|
|
information to standard error. Errors will print a backtrace. If used together
|
|
with B<--quiet> or B<--verbose>, only the last option will take effect.
|
|
|
|
=item B<--logfile>=I<filename>
|
|
|
|
Instead of writing status information to standard error, write it into the
|
|
file given by I<filename>.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 MODES
|
|
|
|
Creating a Debian chroot requires not only permissions for running chroot but
|
|
also the ability to create files owned by the superuser. The selected mode
|
|
decides which way this is achieved.
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item B<auto>
|
|
|
|
This mode automatically selects a fitting mode. If the effective user id is the
|
|
one of the superuser, then the B<sudo> mode is chosen. Otherwise, the
|
|
B<unshare> mode is picked if the system has the sysctl
|
|
C<kernel.unprivileged_userns_clone> set to C<1>. Should that not be the case
|
|
and if the proot binary exists, the B<proot> mode is chosen. Lastly, the
|
|
B<fakechroot> is used if the fakechroot binary exists.
|
|
|
|
=item B<sudo>, B<root>
|
|
|
|
This mode directly executes chroot and is the same mode of operation as is used
|
|
by debootstrap. It is the only mode that can directly create a directory chroot
|
|
with the right permissions.
|
|
|
|
=item B<unshare>
|
|
|
|
This mode uses Linux user namespaces to allow unpriviliged use of chroot and
|
|
creation of files that appear to be owned by the superuser inside the unshared
|
|
namespace. A directory chroot created with this mode will end up with wrong
|
|
permissions. Choose to create a tarball instead.
|
|
|
|
=item B<fakeroot>, B<fakechroot>
|
|
|
|
This mode will exec B<mmdebstrap> again under C<fakechroot fakeroot>. A
|
|
directory chroot created with this mode will end up with wrong permissions.
|
|
Choose to create a tarball instead.
|
|
|
|
=item B<proot>
|
|
|
|
This mode will carry out all calls to chroot with proot instead. Since
|
|
permissions are only retained while proot is still running, this will lead to
|
|
wrong permissions in the final directory and tarball. This mode is useful if
|
|
you plan to use the chroot with proot.
|
|
|
|
=item B<chrootless>
|
|
|
|
Uses the dpkg option C<--force-script-chrootless> to install packages into
|
|
B<TARGET> without dpkg and apt inside B<target> but using apt and dpkg from
|
|
the machine running B<mmdebstrap>. Maintainer scripts are run without chrooting
|
|
into B<TARGET> and rely on their dependencies being installed on the machine
|
|
running B<mmdebstrap>.
|
|
|
|
=for TODO
|
|
=item B<qemu>
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 VARIANTS
|
|
|
|
All package sets also include the direct and indirect hard dependencies (but
|
|
not recommends) of the selected package sets. The variants B<minbase>,
|
|
B<buildd> and B<->, resemble the package sets that debootstrap would install
|
|
with the same I<--variant> argument.
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item B<extract>
|
|
|
|
Installs nothing by default (not even C<Essential:yes> packages). Packages
|
|
given by the C<--include> option are extracted but will not be installed.
|
|
|
|
=item B<custom>
|
|
|
|
Installs nothing by default (not even C<Essential:yes> packages). Packages
|
|
given by the C<--include> option will be installed. If another mode than
|
|
B<chrootless> was selected and dpkg was not part of the included package set,
|
|
then this variant will fail because it cannot configure the packages.
|
|
|
|
=item B<essential>
|
|
|
|
C<Essential:yes> packages.
|
|
|
|
=item B<apt>
|
|
|
|
The B<essential> set plus apt.
|
|
|
|
=item B<required>, B<minbase>
|
|
|
|
The B<essential> set plus all packages with Priority:required and apt.
|
|
|
|
=item B<buildd>
|
|
|
|
The B<minbase> set plus build-essential.
|
|
|
|
=item B<important>, B<debootstrap>, B<->
|
|
|
|
The B<required> set plus all packages with Priority:important. This is the default of debootstrap.
|
|
|
|
=item B<standard>
|
|
|
|
The B<important> set plus all packages with Priority:standard.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 EXAMPLES
|
|
|
|
Use like debootstrap:
|
|
|
|
$ sudo mmdebstrap unstable ./unstable-chroot
|
|
|
|
Without superuser privileges:
|
|
|
|
$ mmdebstrap unstable unstable-chroot.tar
|
|
|
|
With no command line arguments at all. The chroot content is entirely defined
|
|
by a sources.list file on standard input.
|
|
|
|
$ mmdebstrap < /etc/apt/sources.list > unstable-chroot.tar
|
|
|
|
Drop locales (but not the symlink to the locale name alias database),
|
|
translated manual packages (but not the untranslated ones), and documentation
|
|
(but not copyright and Debian changelog).
|
|
|
|
$ mmdebstrap --variant=essential \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-exclude=/usr/share/man/*' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-include=/usr/share/man/man[1-9]/*' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-exclude=/usr/share/locale/*' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-include=/usr/share/locale/locale.alias' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/*' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-include=/usr/share/doc/*/copyright' \
|
|
--dpkgopt='path-include=/usr/share/doc/*/changelog.Debian.*' \
|
|
unstable debian-unstable.tar
|
|
|
|
Use as debootstrap replacement in sbuild-createchroot:
|
|
|
|
$ sbuild-createchroot --debootstrap=mmdebstrap \
|
|
--make-sbuild-tarball ~/.cache/sbuild/unstable-amd64.tar.gz \
|
|
unstable $(mktemp -d)
|
|
|
|
=begin comment
|
|
|
|
Use as replacement for autopkgtest-build-qemu and vmdb2:
|
|
|
|
$ mmdebstrap --variant=important --include=linux-image-amd64 \
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete root' \
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user' \
|
|
--customize-hook='chroot "$1" passwd --delete user' \
|
|
--customize-hook='echo host > "$1/etc/hostname"' \
|
|
--customize-hook='echo "127.0.0.1 localhost host" > "$1/etc/hosts"' \
|
|
--customize-hook=/usr/share/autopkgtest/setup-commands/setup-testbed \
|
|
unstable debian-unstable.tar
|
|
$ cat << END > extlinux.conf
|
|
> default linux
|
|
> timeout 0
|
|
>
|
|
> label linux
|
|
> kernel /vmlinuz
|
|
> append initrd=/initrd.img root=/dev/vda1 rw console=ttyS0
|
|
END
|
|
$ guestfish -N debian-unstable.img=disk:2G -- \
|
|
part-disk /dev/sda mbr : \
|
|
part-set-bootable /dev/sda 1 true : \
|
|
mkfs ext2 /dev/sda1 : mount /dev/sda1 / : \
|
|
tar-in debian-unstable.tar / : \
|
|
extlinux / : \
|
|
copy-in extlinux.conf /
|
|
$ qemu-img convert -O qcow2 debian-unstable.img debian-unstable.qcow2
|
|
|
|
=end comment
|
|
|
|
=head1 ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
|
|
|
|
By setting C<SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH> the result will be reproducible over multiple
|
|
runs with the same options and mirror content.
|
|
|
|
=head1 DEBOOTSTRAP
|
|
|
|
This section lists some differences to debootstrap.
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item * More than one mirror possible
|
|
|
|
=item * Default mirrors for stable releases include updates and security mirror
|
|
|
|
=item * Multiple ways to operate as non-root: fakechroot, proot, unshare
|
|
|
|
=item * 3-6 times faster
|
|
|
|
=item * Can create a chroot with only C<Essential:yes> packages and their dependencies
|
|
|
|
=item * Reproducible output by default if $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH is set
|
|
|
|
=item * Can create output on filesystems with nodev set
|
|
|
|
=item * apt cache and lists are cleaned at the end
|
|
|
|
=item * foreign architecture chroots using qemu-user
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
Limitations in comparison to debootstrap:
|
|
|
|
=over 8
|
|
|
|
=item * Only runs on systems with apt installed
|
|
|
|
=item * No I<SCRIPT> argument
|
|
|
|
=item * No I<--second-stage> option.
|
|
|
|
=back
|
|
|
|
=head1 COMPRESSION
|
|
|
|
B<mmdebstrap> will choose a suitable compressor for the output tarball
|
|
depending on the filename extension. The following mapping from filename
|
|
extension to compressor applies:
|
|
|
|
extension compressor
|
|
--------------------
|
|
.tar none
|
|
.gz gzip
|
|
.tgz gzip
|
|
.taz gzip
|
|
.Z compress
|
|
.taZ compress
|
|
.bz2 bzip2
|
|
.tbz bzip2
|
|
.tbz2 bzip2
|
|
.tz2 bzip2
|
|
.lz lzip
|
|
.lzma lzma
|
|
.tlz lzma
|
|
.lzo lzop
|
|
.lz4 lz4
|
|
.xz xz
|
|
.txz xz
|
|
.zst zstd
|
|
|
|
=head1 SEE ALSO
|
|
|
|
debootstrap(8)
|
|
|
|
=cut
|