release 1.5.4

iputils-ping does not ship /bin/ping with xattrs anymore.

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,52 @@
+1.5.4 (2024-10-28)
+------------------
+
+ - do not generate apt sources.list entry if SUITE is empty
+
+1.5.3 (2024-09-13)
+------------------
+
+ - tidy up any zombie processes
+ - chrootless hurd-i386
+ - add --skip=cleanup/reproducible/machine-id
+ - m-a-b-q: replace test_installed by dpkg-checkbuilddeps
+
+1.5.2 (2024-06-26)
+------------------
+
+ - mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu produces bit-by-bit reproducible output
+
+1.5.1 (2024-06-03)
+------------------
+
+ - in root and unshare mode, run 'mount --make-rprivate /' before bind-mounting
+ - switch apt variant from using 'apt-get dist-upgrade' to apt patterns
+
+1.5.0 (2024-05-14)
+------------------
+
+ - add --format=ext4
+
+1.4.3 (2024-02-01)
+------------------
+
+ - take hard links into account when computing disk usage
+
+1.4.2 (2024-01-29)
+------------------
+
+ - allow for start-stop-daemon to be in either /sbin or /usr/sbin
+ - mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu: fix octal mode computation and hostname
+
+1.4.1 (2024-01-09)
+------------------
+
+ - set DPkg::Chroot-Directory in APT_CONFIG to simplify calling apt in hooks
+ - disallow running chrootless as root without fakeroot unless
+   --skip=check/chrootless is used
+ - only print short --help output if wrong args are passed
+ - read files passed as --aptopt and --dpkgopt outside the unshared namespace
+
 1.4.0 (2023-10-24)
 ------------------
 

README.md

@@ -158,15 +158,19 @@ Contributors
 
  - Johannes Schauer Marin Rodrigues (main author)
  - Helmut Grohne
+ - Jochen Sprickerhof
  - Gioele Barabucci
  - Benjamin Drung
- - Jochen Sprickerhof
  - Josh Triplett
  - Konstantin Demin
+ - Chris Hofstaedtler
+ - Colin Watson
  - David Kalnischkies
  - Emilio Pozuelo Monfort
+ - Francesco Poli
  - Jakub Wilk
  - Joe Groocock
+ - Max-Julian Pogner
  - Nicolas Vigier
  - Raul Tambre
  - Steve Dodd

coverage.py

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ all_variants = [
     "standard",
 ]
 default_format = "auto"
-all_formats = ["auto", "directory", "tar", "squashfs", "ext2", "null"]
+all_formats = ["auto", "directory", "tar", "squashfs", "ext2", "ext4", "null"]
 
 mirror = os.getenv("mirror", "http://127.0.0.1/debian")
 hostarch = subprocess.check_output(["dpkg", "--print-architecture"]).decode().strip()
@@ -362,6 +362,21 @@ def main():
             check=False,
             stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
         ).stdout.decode()
+        shfmt = subprocess.run(
+            [
+                "shfmt",
+                "--posix",
+                "--binary-next-line",
+                "--case-indent",
+                "--indent",
+                "2",
+                "--simplify",
+                "-d",
+                "shared/test.sh",
+            ],
+            check=False,
+            stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+        ).stdout.decode()
         argv = None
         match test:
             case "qemu":
@@ -411,9 +426,11 @@ def main():
         acc_time_per_test[name].append(walltime)
         print(separator, file=sys.stderr)
         print(f"duration: {walltime}", file=sys.stderr)
-        if proc.returncode != 0 or shellcheck != "":
+        if proc.returncode != 0 or shellcheck != "" or shfmt != "":
             if shellcheck != "":
                 print(shellcheck)
+            if shfmt != "":
+                print(shfmt)
             failed.append(formated_test_name)
             print("result: FAILURE", file=sys.stderr)
         else:

coverage.sh

@@ -2,11 +2,22 @@
 
 set -eu
 
-if [ -e ./mmdebstrap ]; then
+# by default, use the mmdebstrap executable in the current directory together
+# with perl Devel::Cover but allow to overwrite this
+: "${CMD:=perl -MDevel::Cover=-silent,-nogcov ./mmdebstrap}"
+
+case "$CMD" in
+  "mmdebstrap "* | mmdebstrap | *" mmdebstrap" | *" mmdebstrap "*)
+    MMSCRIPT="$(command -v mmdebstrap 2>/dev/null)"
+    ;;
+  *) MMSCRIPT=./mmdebstrap ;;
+esac
+
+if [ -e "$MMSCRIPT" ]; then
   TMPFILE=$(mktemp)
-	perltidy < ./mmdebstrap > "$TMPFILE"
+  perltidy <"$MMSCRIPT" >"$TMPFILE"
   ret=0
-	diff -u ./mmdebstrap "$TMPFILE" || ret=$?
+  diff -u "$MMSCRIPT" "$TMPFILE" || ret=$?
   if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
     echo "perltidy failed" >&2
     rm "$TMPFILE"
@@ -14,12 +25,14 @@ if [ -e ./mmdebstrap ]; then
   fi
   rm "$TMPFILE"
 
-	if [ "$(sed -e '/^__END__$/,$d' ./mmdebstrap | wc --max-line-length)" -gt 79 ]; then
+  if [ "$(sed -e '/^__END__$/,$d' "$MMSCRIPT" | wc --max-line-length)" -gt 79 ]; then
     echo "exceeded maximum line length of 79 characters" >&2
     exit 1
   fi
 
-	perlcritic --severity 4 --verbose 8 ./mmdebstrap
+  perlcritic --severity 4 --verbose 8 "$MMSCRIPT"
+
+  pod2man "$MMSCRIPT" >/dev/null
 fi
 
 for f in tarfilter coverage.py caching_proxy.py; do
@@ -27,7 +40,9 @@ for f in tarfilter coverage.py caching_proxy.py; do
   black --check "./$f"
 done
 
-shellcheck --exclude=SC2016 coverage.sh make_mirror.sh run_null.sh run_qemu.sh gpgvnoexpkeysig hooks/*/*.sh
+shellcheck --exclude=SC2016 coverage.sh make_mirror.sh run_null.sh run_qemu.sh gpgvnoexpkeysig mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu hooks/*/*.sh
+
+shfmt --binary-next-line --case-indent --indent 2 --simplify -d coverage.sh make_mirror.sh run_null.sh run_qemu.sh mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu gpgvnoexpkeysig
 
 mirrordir="./shared/cache/debian"
 
@@ -63,9 +78,6 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
 : "${HAVE_BINFMT:=yes}"
 
-# by default, use the mmdebstrap executable in the current directory together
-# with perl Devel::Cover but allow to overwrite this
-: "${CMD:=perl -MDevel::Cover=-silent,-nogcov ./mmdebstrap}"
 mirror="http://127.0.0.1/debian"
 
 export HAVE_QEMU HAVE_BINFMT RUN_MA_SAME_TESTS DEFAULT_DIST SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH CMD mirror
@@ -76,7 +88,7 @@ if [ -e shared/cover_db.img ]; then
   # produce report inside the VM to make sure that the versions match or
   # otherwise we might get:
   # Can't read shared/cover_db/runs/1598213854.252.64287/cover.14 with Sereal: Sereal: Error: Bad Sereal header: Not a valid Sereal document. at offset 1 of input at srl_decoder.c line 600 at /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl5/5.30/Devel/Cover/DB/IO/Sereal.pm line 34, <$fh> chunk 1.
-	cat << END > shared/test.sh
+  cat <<END >shared/test.sh
 cover -nogcov -report html_basic cover_db >&2
 mkdir -p report
 for f in common.js coverage.html cover.css css.js mmdebstrap--branch.html mmdebstrap--condition.html mmdebstrap.html mmdebstrap--subroutine.html standardista-table-sorting.js; do
@@ -96,8 +108,8 @@ END
 fi
 
 # check if the wiki has to be updated with pod2markdown output
-if [ "${DEBEMAIL:-}" = "josch@debian.org" ]; then
+if [ "${DEBEMAIL-}" = "josch@debian.org" ]; then
-	bash -exc "diff -u <(curl --silent https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/mmdebstrap/wiki/raw/Home | dos2unix) <(pod2markdown < mmdebstrap)" || :
+  bash -exc "diff -u <(curl --silent https://gitlab.mister-muffin.de/josch/mmdebstrap/wiki/raw/Home | dos2unix; echo) <(pod2markdown < mmdebstrap)" || :
 fi
 
 rm -f shared/test.sh shared/tar1.txt shared/tar2.txt shared/pkglist.txt shared/doc-debian.tar.list shared/mmdebstrap shared/tarfilter shared/proxysolver

coverage.txt

@@ -59,21 +59,21 @@ Needs-QEMU: true
 Test: mmdebstrap
 Needs-Root: true
 Modes: root
-Formats: tar squashfs ext2
+Formats: tar squashfs ext2 ext4
 Variants: essential apt minbase buildd - standard
 Skip-If:
  variant == "standard" and dist == "oldstable" # #864082, #1004557, #1004558
  mode == "fakechroot" and variant in ["-", "standard"] # no extended attributes
- variant == "standard" and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
+ variant == "standard" and dist in ["oldstable", "stable"] and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
 
 Test: check-for-bit-by-bit-identical-format-output
 Modes: unshare fakechroot
-Formats: tar squashfs ext2
+Formats: tar squashfs ext2 ext4
 Variants: essential apt minbase buildd - standard
 Skip-If:
  variant == "standard" and dist == "oldstable" # #864082, #1004557, #1004558
  mode == "fakechroot" and variant in ["-", "standard"] # no extended attributes
- variant == "standard" and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
+ variant == "standard" and dist in ["oldstable", "stable"] and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
 
 Test: tarfilter-idshift
 Needs-QEMU: true
@@ -194,18 +194,18 @@ Skip-If:
  hostarch != "amd64"
  not run_ma_same_tests
 
-Test: include-libmagic-mgc-arm64
+Test: include-foreign-libmagic-mgc
 Needs-Root: true
 Needs-APT-Config: true
 Skip-If:
- hostarch != "amd64"
+ hostarch not in ["amd64", "arm64"]
  not run_ma_same_tests
 
-Test: include-libmagic-mgc-arm64-with-multiple-arch-options
+Test: include-foreign-libmagic-mgc-with-multiple-arch-options
 Needs-Root: true
 Needs-APT-Config: true
 Skip-If:
- hostarch != "amd64"
+ hostarch not in ["amd64", "arm64"]
  not run_ma_same_tests
 
 Test: aptopt
@@ -273,17 +273,13 @@ Test: debootstrap-no-op-options
 Needs-Root: true
 
 Test: verbose
-Variants: - standard
+Variants: standard
 Skip-If:
- variant == "-" and hostarch not in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
- variant == "standard" and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
  variant == "standard" and dist == "oldstable" # #864082, #1004557, #1004558
 
 Test: debug
-Variants: - standard
+Variants: standard
 Skip-If:
- variant == "-" and hostarch not in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
- variant == "standard" and hostarch in ["armel", "armhf", "mipsel"] # #1031276
  variant == "standard" and dist == "oldstable" # #864082, #1004557, #1004558
 
 Test: quiet
@@ -365,21 +361,22 @@ Variants: custom
 Modes: chrootless
 Needs-APT-Config: true
 
-Test: install-libmagic-mgc-on-arm64
+Test: install-libmagic-mgc-on-foreign
 Variants: custom
 Modes: chrootless
 Skip-If:
- hostarch != "amd64"
+ hostarch not in ["amd64", "arm64"]
  not have_binfmt
 
 Test: install-busybox-based-sub-essential-system
 Needs-Root: true
 
-Test: create-arm64-tarball
+Test: create-foreign-tarball
 Modes: root unshare fakechroot
 Skip-If:
- hostarch != "amd64"
+ hostarch not in ["amd64", "arm64"]
  mode == "fakechroot" and not run_ma_same_tests
+ mode == "fakechroot" and hostarch == "arm64" # usrmerge postinst under fakechroot wants to copy /lib/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (which does not exist) instead of /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2
  not have_binfmt
 
 Test: no-sbin-in-path
@@ -433,3 +430,8 @@ Modes: root unshare
 
 Test: skip-tar-in-mknod
 Modes: unshare
+
+Test: zombie-reaping
+Modes: unshare
+
+Test: empty-suite

gpgvnoexpkeysig

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ find_gpgv_status_fd() {
 GPGSTATUSFD="$(find_gpgv_status_fd "$@")"
 
 case $GPGSTATUSFD in
-	''|*[!0-9]*)
+  '' | *[!0-9]*)
     echo "invalid --status-fd argument" >&2
     exit 1
     ;;

hooks/copy-host-apt-sources-and-preferences/setup00.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,13 @@
 #!/bin/sh
+#
+# This script makes sure that the apt sources.list and preferences from outside
+# the chroot also exist inside the chroot by *appending* them to any existing
+# files. If you do not want to keep the original content, add another setup
+# hook before this one which cleans up the files you don't want to keep.
+#
+# If instead of copying sources.list verbatim you want to mangle its contents,
+# consider using python-apt for that. An example can be found in the Debian
+# packaging of mmdebstrap in ./debian/tests/sourcesfilter
 
 set -eu
 

hooks/file-mirror-automount/setup00.sh

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ env APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-get indextargets --no-release-info -
 	| while read -r path; do
 		mkdir -p "$rootdir/run/mmdebstrap"
 		if [ ! -d "/$path" ]; then
-			echo "/$path is not an existing directory" >&2
+			echo "W: /$path is not an existing directory" >&2
 			continue
 		fi
 		case $MMDEBSTRAP_MODE in

hooks/maybe-merged-usr/essential00.sh

@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ case "$ver" in
 		echo "usr-is-merged package from src:usrmerge installed -- not running merged-usr essential hook" >&2
 		exit 0
 		;;
+	'not-installed  ')
+		echo "usr-is-merged was not installed in a previous hook -- not running merged-usr essential hook" >&2
+		exit 0
+		;;
 	*)
 		echo "unexpected situation for package usr-is-merged: $ver" >&2
 		exit 1

hooks/maybe-merged-usr/extract00.sh

@@ -4,12 +4,22 @@ set -eu
 
 env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-get update --error-on=any
 
-# if the usr-is-merged package cannot be installed with apt, do nothing
+if env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-if ! env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	# if apt-cache exited successfully, then usr-is-merged exists either as
-	echo "no package called usr-is-merged found -- not running merged-usr extract hook" >&2
+	# a real or virtual package
+	if env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged 2>/dev/null | grep -q "Package: usr-is-merged"; then
+		echo "usr-is-merged found -- running merged-usr extract hook" >&2
+	else
+		# The usr-is-merged must be virtual, so assume that nothing
+		# has to be done. This is the case with Debian Trixie or later
+		# or with Ubuntu Lunar or later
+		echo "usr-is-merged found but not real -- not running merged-usr extract hook" >&2
 		exit 0
+	fi
 else
-	echo "package usr-is-merged found -- running merged-usr extract hook" >&2
+	# if the usr-is-merged package cannot be installed with apt, do nothing
+	echo "no package providing usr-is-merged found -- not running merged-usr extract hook" >&2
+	exit 0
 fi
 
 # resolve the script path using several methods in order:

hooks/maybe-merged-usr/setup00.sh

@@ -4,12 +4,22 @@ set -eu
 
 env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-get update --error-on=any
 
-# if the usr-is-merged package cannot be installed with apt, do nothing
+if env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged > /dev/null 2>&1; then
-if ! env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+	# if apt-cache exited successfully, then usr-is-merged exists either as
-	echo "no package called usr-is-merged found -- not running merged-usr setup hook" >&2
+	# a real or virtual package
+	if env --chdir="$1" APT_CONFIG="$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG" apt-cache show --no-all-versions usr-is-merged 2>/dev/null | grep -q "Package: usr-is-merged"; then
+		echo "usr-is-merged found -- running merged-usr setup hook" >&2
+	else
+		# The usr-is-merged must be virtual, so assume that nothing
+		# has to be done. This is the case with Debian Trixie or later
+		# or with Ubuntu Lunar or later
+		echo "usr-is-merged found but not real -- not running merged-usr setup hook" >&2
 		exit 0
+	fi
 else
-	echo "package usr-is-merged found -- running merged-usr setup hook" >&2
+	# if the usr-is-merged package cannot be installed with apt, do nothing
+	echo "no package providing usr-is-merged found -- not running merged-usr setup hook" >&2
+	exit 0
 fi
 
 # resolve the script path using several methods in order:

make_mirror.sh

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ set -eu
 
 deletecache() {
   dir="$1"
-	echo "running deletecache $dir">&2
+  echo "running deletecache $dir" >&2
   if [ ! -e "$dir" ]; then
     return
   fi
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ deletecache() {
     done
     # deleting artifacts from test "mmdebstrap"
     for variant in essential apt minbase buildd - standard; do
-			for format in tar ext2 squashfs; do
+      for format in tar ext2 ext4 squashfs; do
         if [ -e "$dir/mmdebstrap-$dist-$variant.$format" ]; then
           # attempt to delete for all dists because DEFAULT_DIST might've been different the last time
           rm "$dir/mmdebstrap-$dist-$variant.$format"
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ deletecache() {
     else
       echo "does not exist: $dir/debian/dists/$dist" >&2
     fi
-		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
+    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
       if [ -e "$dir/debian/dists/$dist-updates" ]; then
         rm --one-file-system --recursive "$dir/debian/dists/$dist-updates"
       else
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ deletecache() {
       fi
       ;;
     esac
-		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
+    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
       if [ -e "$dir/debian-security/dists/$dist-security" ]; then
         rm --one-file-system --recursive "$dir/debian-security/dists/$dist-security"
       else
@@ -161,9 +161,9 @@ update_cache() (
   done
 
   # read sources.list content from stdin
-	cat > "$rootdir/etc/apt/sources.list"
+  cat >"$rootdir/etc/apt/sources.list"
 
-	cat << END > "$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf"
+  cat <<END >"$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf"
 Apt::Architecture "$nativearch";
 Apt::Architectures "$nativearch";
 Dir::Etc "$rootdir/etc/apt";
@@ -177,14 +177,14 @@ Dir::Etc::TrustedParts "/etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d";
 Acquire::http::Proxy "http://127.0.0.1:8080/";
 END
 
-	: > "$rootdir/var/lib/dpkg/status"
+  : >"$rootdir/var/lib/dpkg/status"
 
   if [ "$dist" = "$DEFAULT_DIST" ] && [ "$nativearch" = "$HOSTARCH" ] && [ "$USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG" = "yes" ]; then
     # we append sources and settings instead of overwriting after
     # an empty line
     for f in /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.d/*; do
       [ -e "$f" ] || continue
-			[ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >> "$rootdir/$f"
+      [ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >>"$rootdir/$f"
       # Filter out file:// repositories as they are added
       # to each mmdebstrap call verbatim by
       # debian/tests/copy_host_apt_config
@@ -195,17 +195,17 @@ END
       if [ "$dist" = unstable ]; then
         grep -v ' file://' "$f" \
           | grep -E " (unstable|experimental) " \
-					>> "$rootdir/$f" || :
+            >>"$rootdir/$f" || :
       else
         grep -v ' file://' "$f" \
           | grep " $DEFAULT_DIST " \
-					>> "$rootdir/$f" || :
+            >>"$rootdir/$f" || :
       fi
     done
     for f in /etc/apt/preferences.d/*; do
       [ -e "$f" ] || continue
-			[ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >> "$rootdir/$f"
+      [ -e "$rootdir/$f" ] && echo >>"$rootdir/$f"
-			cat "$f" >> "$rootdir/$f"
+      cat "$f" >>"$rootdir/$f"
     done
   fi
 
@@ -236,7 +236,11 @@ END
   esac
 
   # shellcheck disable=SC2086
-	APT_CONFIG="$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf" apt-get --yes install $pkgs
+  APT_CONFIG="$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf" apt-get --yes install $pkgs \
+    || APT_CONFIG="$rootdir/etc/apt/apt.conf" apt-get --yes install \
+      -oDebug::pkgProblemResolver=true -oDebug::pkgDepCache::Marker=1 \
+      -oDebug::pkgDepCache::AutoInstall=1 \
+      $pkgs
 
   rm "$rootdir/var/cache/apt/archives/lock"
   rmdir "$rootdir/var/cache/apt/archives/partial"
@@ -318,8 +322,14 @@ if [ "$FORCE_UPDATE" != "yes" ] && [ -e "$oldmirrordir/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRel
   http_code=$(curl --output /dev/null --silent --location --head --time-cond "$oldmirrordir/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRelease" --write-out '%{http_code}' "$mirror/dists/$DEFAULT_DIST/InRelease")
   case "$http_code" in
     200) ;; # need update
-		304) echo up-to-date; exit 0;;
+    304)
-		*) echo "unexpected status: $http_code"; exit 1;;
+      echo up-to-date
+      exit 0
+      ;;
+    *)
+      echo "unexpected status: $http_code"
+      exit 1
+      ;;
   esac
 fi
 
@@ -373,8 +383,8 @@ for dist in oldstable stable testing unstable; do
     echo "deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist $components" | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
     # we need to include the base mirror again or otherwise
     # packages like build-essential will be missing
-		case "$dist" in oldstable|stable)
+    case "$dist" in oldstable | stable)
-			cat << END | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
+      cat <<END | update_cache "$dist" "$nativearch"
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist $components
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $mirror $dist-updates main
 deb [arch=$nativearch] $security_mirror $dist-security main
@@ -382,7 +392,7 @@ END
       ;;
     esac
   done
-	codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' < "$newmirrordir/dists/$dist/InRelease")
+  codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' <"$newmirrordir/dists/$dist/InRelease")
   ln -s "$dist" "$newmirrordir/dists/$codename"
 
   # split the InRelease file into Release and Release.gpg not because apt
@@ -449,7 +459,7 @@ if [ "$HAVE_QEMU" = "yes" ]; then
   tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
   trap 'kill "$PROXYPID" || :;cleanuptmpdir; cleanup_newcachedir' EXIT INT TERM
 
-	pkgs=perl-doc,systemd-sysv,perl,arch-test,fakechroot,fakeroot,mount,uidmap,qemu-user-static,qemu-user,dpkg-dev,mini-httpd,libdevel-cover-perl,libtemplate-perl,debootstrap,procps,apt-cudf,aspcud,python3,libcap2-bin,gpg,debootstrap,distro-info-data,iproute2,ubuntu-keyring,apt-utils,squashfs-tools-ng,genext2fs,linux-image-generic
+  pkgs=perl-doc,systemd-sysv,perl,arch-test,fakechroot,fakeroot,mount,uidmap,qemu-user-binfmt,dpkg-dev,mini-httpd,libdevel-cover-perl,libtemplate-perl,debootstrap,procps,apt-cudf,aspcud,python3,libcap2-bin,gpg,debootstrap,distro-info-data,iproute2,ubuntu-keyring,apt-utils,squashfs-tools-ng,genext2fs,linux-image-generic,passwd,e2fsprogs,uuid-runtime
   if [ ! -e ./mmdebstrap ]; then
     pkgs="$pkgs,mmdebstrap"
   fi
@@ -467,7 +477,7 @@ if [ "$HAVE_QEMU" = "yes" ]; then
     esac
   fi
 
-	cat << END > "$tmpdir/mmdebstrap.service"
+  cat <<END >"$tmpdir/mmdebstrap.service"
 [Unit]
 Description=mmdebstrap worker script
 
@@ -486,13 +496,15 @@ END
   # filesystem that doesn't support ownership information at all and a umask that
   # gives read/write access to everybody.
   # https://github.com/pjcj/Devel--Cover/issues/223
-	cat << 'END' > "$tmpdir/worker.sh"
+  cat <<'END' >"$tmpdir/worker.sh"
 #!/bin/sh
 echo 'root:root' | chpasswd
 mount -t 9p -o trans=virtio,access=any,msize=128k mmdebstrap /mnt
 # need to restart mini-httpd because we mounted different content into www-root
 systemctl restart mini-httpd
 
+ip link set enp0s1 down || :
+
 handler () {
 	while IFS= read -r line || [ -n "$line" ]; do
 		printf "%s %s: %s\n" "$(date -u -d "0 $(date +%s.%3N) seconds - $2 seconds" +"%T.%3N")" "$1" "$line"
@@ -530,7 +542,8 @@ END
   fi
   # set PATH to pick up the correct mmdebstrap variant
   env PATH="$(dirname "$(realpath --canonicalize-existing "$CMD")"):$PATH" \
-		debvm-create --skip=usrmerge --size="$DISK_SIZE" --release="$DEFAULT_DIST" \
+    debvm-create --skip=usrmerge,systemdnetwork \
+    --size="$DISK_SIZE" --release="$DEFAULT_DIST" \
     --output="$newcachedir/debian-$DEFAULT_DIST.ext4" -- \
     --architectures="$arches" --include="$pkgs" \
     --setup-hook='echo "Acquire::http::Proxy \"http://127.0.0.1:8080/\";" > "$1/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00proxy"' \
@@ -541,8 +554,9 @@ END
     --customize-hook='touch "$1/mmdebstrap-testenv"' \
     --customize-hook='copy-in "'"$tmpdir"'/mmdebstrap.service" /etc/systemd/system/' \
     --customize-hook='copy-in "'"$tmpdir"'/worker.sh" /' \
-		--customize-hook='printf 127.0.0.1 localhost > "$1/etc/hosts"' \
+    --customize-hook='echo 127.0.0.1 localhost > "$1/etc/hosts"' \
     --customize-hook='printf "START=1\nDAEMON_OPTS=\"-h 127.0.0.1 -p 80 -u nobody -dd /mnt/cache -i /var/run/mini-httpd.pid -T UTF-8\"\n" > "$1/etc/default/mini-httpd"' \
+    --customize-hook='touch "$1/etc/systemd/system/tmp.mount"' \
     "$mirror"
 
   kill $PROXYPID

mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu

@@ -29,8 +29,11 @@ B<mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu> [I<OPTIONS>] B<--boot>=B<efi> I<RELEASE> I<
 B<mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu> is a mostly compatible drop-in replacement
 for L<autopkgtest-build-qemu(1)> with two main differences: Firstly, it uses
 L<mmdebstrap(1)> instead of L<vmdb2(1)> and thus is able to create QEMU disk
-images without requiring superuser privileges.  Secondly, it uses
+images without requiring superuser privileges and with bit-by-bit reproducible
-L<systemd-boot(7)> and thus only supports booting via EFI.
+output. Secondly, it uses L<systemd-boot(7)> and thus only supports booting via
+EFI. For architectures for which L<autopkgtest-virt-qemu(1)> does not default
+to EFI booting you must pass B<--boot=efi> when invoking the autopkgtest virt
+backend.
 
 =head1 POSITIONAL PARAMETERS
 
@@ -96,9 +99,23 @@ Passes an additional B<--keyring> parameter to B<mmdebstrap>.
 
 =head1 EXAMPLES
 
-    $ mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu --boot=efi stable /path/to/debian-stable-i386.img i386
+Make sure, that F</path/to/debian-unstable.img> is a path that the unshared
+user has access to. This can be done by ensuring world-execute permissions on
+all path components or by creating the image in a world-readable directory like
+/tmp before copying it into its final location.
 
-    $ mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu --boot=efi unstable /path/to/debian-unstable.img
+    $ mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu --boot=efi --arch=amd64 unstable /path/to/debian-unstable.img
+    [...]
+    $ autopkgtest mypackage -- qemu --boot=efi --dpkg-architecture=amd64 /path/to/debian-unstable.img
+
+Make sure to add B<--boot=efi> to both the B<mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu>
+as well as the B<autopkgtest-virt-qemu> invocation.
+
+Create bit-by-bit reproducible images from a given snapshot.d.o timestamp.
+
+    SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=1612543740 mmdebstrap-autopkgtest-build-qemu --boot=efi \
+        --mirror=http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/debian/20210205T164900Z/ \
+        unstable /path/to/debian-unstable.img
 
 =head1 SEE ALSO
 
@@ -185,14 +202,14 @@ positional_7() {
 
 while test "$#" -gt 0; do
   case "$1" in
-		--architecture=*|--arch=*|--boot=*|--keyring=*|--mirror=*|--script=*|--size=*)
+    --architecture=* | --arch=* | --boot=* | --keyring=* | --mirror=* | --script=* | --size=*)
       optname="${1%%=*}"
       "opt_${optname#--}" "${1#*=}"
       ;;
     --apt-proxy=*)
       opt_apt_proxy "${1#*=}"
       ;;
-		--architecture|--arch|--boot|--keyring|--mirror|--script|--size)
+    --architecture | --arch | --boot | --keyring | --mirror | --script | --size)
       test "$#" -ge 2 || usage_error "missing argument for $1"
       "opt_${1#--}" "$2"
       shift
@@ -217,43 +234,66 @@ while test "$#" -gt 0; do
 done
 
 test -z "$RELEASE" -o -z "$IMAGE" && usage_error "missing positional arguments"
-test "$BOOT" = efi ||
+test "$BOOT" = efi \
-	die "this tool does not support boot modes other than efi"
+  || die "this tool does not support boot modes other than efi"
 
 case "$ARCHITECTURE" in
   amd64)
     EFIIMG=bootx64.efi
+    QEMUARCH=x86_64
+    VMFPKG=ovmf
+    LINUXIMAGE=linux-image-amd64
     ;;
   arm64)
     EFIIMG=bootaa64.efi
+    QEMUARCH=aarch64
+    VMFPKG=qemu-efi-aarch64
+    LINUXIMAGE=linux-image-arm64
     ;;
   armhf)
     EFIIMG=bootarm.efi
+    QEMUARCH=arm
+    VMFPKG=qemu-efi-arm
+    LINUXIMAGE=linux-image-armmp
     ;;
   i386)
     EFIIMG=bootia32.efi
+    QEMUARCH=i386
+    VMFPKG=ovmf-ia32
+    LINUXIMAGE=linux-image-686-pae
     ;;
   riscv64)
     EFIIMG=bootriscv64.efi
+    QEMUARCH=riscv64
+    VMFPKG=
+    LINUXIMAGE=linux-image-riscv64
     ;;
   *)
-		die "unsupported architecture"
+    die "unsupported architecture: $ARCHITECTURE"
     ;;
 esac
 
 if test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W binutils-multiarch)" = installed; then
   GNU_PREFIX=
+  BINUTILS=
 else
   GNU_ARCHITECTURE="$(dpkg-architecture "-a$ARCHITECTURE" -qDEB_HOST_GNU_TYPE)"
   GNU_PREFIX="$GNU_ARCHITECTURE-"
   GNU_SUFFIX="-$(echo "$GNU_ARCHITECTURE" | tr _ -)"
-	test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "binutils$GNU_SUFFIX")" = installed ||
+  BINUTILS=", binutils$GNU_SUFFIX | binutils-multiarch"
-		die "please install binutils$GNU_SUFFIX or binutils-multiarch"
 fi
-for pkg in autopkgtest dosfstools e2fsprogs fdisk mount mtools passwd "systemd-boot-efi:$ARCHITECTURE" uidmap; do
+
-	test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "$pkg")" = installed ||
+arches=" $(dpkg --print-architecture) $(dpkg --print-foreign-architectures | tr '\n' ' ') "
-		die "please install $pkg"
+case $arches in
-done
+  *" $ARCHITECTURE "*) : ;; # nothing to do
+  *) die "enable $ARCHITECTURE by running: sudo dpkg --add-architecture $ARCHITECTURE && sudo apt update" ;;
+esac
+
+test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "dpkg-dev")" = installed \
+  || die "please install dpkg-dev"
+
+dpkg-checkbuilddeps -d "autopkgtest, dosfstools, e2fsprogs, fdisk, mount, mtools, passwd, uidmap, libarchive13, systemd-boot-efi:$ARCHITECTURE $BINUTILS" /dev/null \
+  || die "please install the required packages listed above"
 
 BOOTSTUB="/usr/lib/systemd/boot/efi/linux${EFIIMG#boot}.stub"
 
@@ -267,29 +307,42 @@ trap cleanup EXIT INT TERM QUIT
 
 WORKDIR=$(mktemp -d)
 
-FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS=$((1024*2))
+FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS=$((1024 * 2))
-FAT_SIZE_SECTORS=$((1024*254))
+FAT_SIZE_SECTORS=$((1024 * 254))
 
-# Make the image writeable to the first subgid. mmdebstrap will map this gid to
+# The image is raw and not in qcow2 format because:
-# the root group. unshare instead will map the current gid to 0 and the first
+#  - faster run-time as the "qemu-image convert" step is not needed
-# subgid to 1. Therefore mmdebstrap will be able to write to the image.
+#  - image can be used independent of qemu tooling
-rm -f "$IMAGE"
+#  - modifying the image just with "mount" instead of requiring qemu-nbd
-: >"$IMAGE"
+#  - sparse images make the file just as small as with qcow2
-unshare -U -r --map-groups=auto chown 0:1 "$IMAGE"
+#  - trim support is more difficult on qcow2
-chmod 0660 "$IMAGE"
+#  - snapshots and overlays work just as well with raw images
+#  - users who prefer qcow2 get to choose to run it themselves with their own
+#    custom options like compression
 
 set -- \
   --mode=unshare \
+  --format=tar \
   --variant=important \
   --architecture="$ARCHITECTURE"
 
-test "$RELEASE" = jessie &&
+case $MIRROR in http://snapshot.debian.org/archive/* | https://snapshot.debian.org/archive/*)
+  set -- "$@" --aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"'
+  ;;
+esac
+
+EXT_FEATURES=
+if test "$RELEASE" = jessie; then
+  set -- "$@" --keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/debian-archive-removed-keys.gpg
+  set -- "$@" --aptopt='Apt::Key::gpgvcommand "/usr/libexec/mmdebstrap/gpgvnoexpkeysig"'
   set -- "$@" --hook-dir=/usr/share/mmdebstrap/hooks/jessie-or-older
+  EXT_FEATURES="^metadata_csum,^metadata_csum_seed,^orphan_file"
+fi
 
 set -- "$@" \
-	"--include=init,linux-image-$ARCHITECTURE,python3" \
+  "--include=init,$LINUXIMAGE,python3" \
-	'--customize-hook=echo autopkgtestvm >"$1/etc/hostname"' \
+  '--customize-hook=echo host >"$1/etc/hostname"' \
-	'--customize-hook=echo 127.0.0.1 localhost autopkgtestvm >"$1/etc/hosts"' \
+  '--customize-hook=echo 127.0.0.1 localhost host >"$1/etc/hosts"' \
   '--customize-hook=passwd --root "$1" --delete root' \
   '--customize-hook=useradd --root "$1" --home-dir /home/user --create-home user' \
   '--customize-hook=passwd --root "$1" --delete user' \
@@ -302,46 +355,54 @@ if test -n "$SCRIPT"; then
     '--customize-hook=rm -f "$1/userscript"'
 fi
 
-EXT4_OFFSET_BYTES=$(( (FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS + FAT_SIZE_SECTORS) * 512))
-EXT4_OPTIONS="offset=$EXT4_OFFSET_BYTES,assume_storage_prezeroed=1"
 set -- "$@" \
   "--customize-hook=download vmlinuz '$WORKDIR/kernel'" \
   "--customize-hook=download initrd.img '$WORKDIR/initrd'" \
-	'--customize-hook=mount --bind "$1" "$1/mnt"' \
-	'--customize-hook=mount --bind "$1/mnt/mnt" "$1/mnt/dev"' \
-	'--customize-hook=/sbin/mkfs.ext4 -d "$1/mnt" -L autopkgtestvm -E '"'$EXT4_OPTIONS' '$IMAGE' '$SIZE'" \
-	'--customize-hook=umount --lazy "$1/mnt"' \
   "$RELEASE" \
-	/dev/null
+  -
 
 test -n "$MIRROR" && set -- "$@" "$MIRROR"
 test -n "$KEYRING" && set -- "$@" "--keyring=$KEYRING"
 
-echo "mmdebstrap $*"
+echo "+ mmdebstrap $*" >&2
-mmdebstrap "$@" || die "mmdebstrap failed"
+# https://github.com/koalaman/shellcheck/issues/2555
+# shellcheck disable=SC3040
+set -o pipefail
+mmdebstrap "$@" | {
+  set -- -t ext4 -L autopkgtestvm -d -
+  if test -n "$EXT_FEATURES"; then
+    set -- "$@" -O "$EXT_FEATURES"
+  fi
+  EXTOPTS="offset=$(((FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS + FAT_SIZE_SECTORS) * 512))"
+  if test -n "${SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH-}"; then
+    uuid="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace='@dns' --name mister-muffin.de)" --name "$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH")"
+    set -- "$@" -U "$uuid"
+    EXTOPTS="$EXTOPTS,hash_seed=$uuid"
+  fi
+  set -- "$@" -E "$EXTOPTS" "$IMAGE" "$SIZE"
+  echo "+ mke2fs $*" >&2
+  /sbin/mke2fs "$@"
+}
 
-unshare -U -r --map-groups=auto chown 0:0 "$IMAGE"
+echo "root=LABEL=autopkgtestvm rw console=ttyS0" >"$WORKDIR/cmdline"
-chmod "$(printf %o "$(( 0666 - 0$(umask) ))")" "$IMAGE"
-
-echo "root=LABEL=autopkgtestvm rw console=ttyS0" > "$WORKDIR/cmdline"
 
 align_size() {
-	echo "$(( ($1) + ($2) - 1 - (($1) + ($2) - 1) % ($2) ))"
+  echo "$((($1) + ($2) - 1 - (($1) + ($2) - 1) % ($2)))"
 }
 
 alignment=$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -p "$BOOTSTUB" | sed 's/^SectionAlignment\s\+\([0-9]\)/0x/;t;d')
 test -z "$alignment" && die "failed to discover the alignment of the efi stub"
 echo "determined efi vma alignment as $alignment"
-test "$RELEASE" = jessie -a "$((alignment))" -lt "$((1024*1024))" && {
+test "$RELEASE" = jessie -a "$((alignment))" -lt "$((1024 * 1024))" && {
   echo "increasing efi vma alignment for jessie"
-	alignment=$((1024*1024))
+  alignment=$((1024 * 1024))
 }
 lastoffset=0
 # shellcheck disable=SC2034  # unused variables serve documentation
-lastoffset="$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -h "$BOOTSTUB" |
+lastoffset="$("${GNU_PREFIX}objdump" -h "$BOOTSTUB" \
-	while read -r idx name size vma lma fileoff algn behind; do
+  | while read -r idx name size vma lma fileoff algn behind; do
     test -z "$behind" -a "${algn#"2**"}" != "$algn" || continue
-		offset=$(( 0x$vma + 0x$size ))
+    offset=$((0x$vma + 0x$size))
     test "$offset" -gt "$lastoffset" || continue
     lastoffset="$offset"
     echo "$lastoffset"
@@ -377,7 +438,7 @@ mcopy -i "$WORKDIR/fat" "$WORKDIR/efiimg" "::EFI/BOOT/$EFIIMG"
 
 rm -f "$WORKDIR/efiimg"
 
-truncate --size="+$((34*512))" "$IMAGE"
+truncate --size="+$((34 * 512))" "$IMAGE"
 /sbin/sfdisk "$IMAGE" <<EOF
 label: gpt
 unit: sectors
@@ -387,3 +448,13 @@ start=$((FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS + FAT_SIZE_SECTORS)), type=0FC63DAF-8483-4772-8E79-3
 EOF
 
 dd if="$WORKDIR/fat" of="$IMAGE" conv=notrunc,sparse bs=512 "seek=$FAT_OFFSET_SECTORS" status=none
+
+if test "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" != "$ARCHITECTURE" && test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "qemu-system-$QEMUARCH")" != installed; then
+  echo "I: you might need to install a package providing qemu-system-$QEMUARCH to use this image with autopkgtest-virt-qemu" >&2
+fi
+if test -n "$VMFPKG" && test "$(dpkg-query -f '${db:Status-Status}' -W "$VMFPKG")" != installed; then
+  echo "I: you might need to install $VMFPKG to use this image with autopkgtest-virt-qemu" >&2
+fi
+
+echo "I: SUCCESS! Your new image can be found here: $IMAGE" >&2
+echo "I: Don't forget to pass --boot=efi when running autopkgtest-virt-qemu with this image" >&2

run_null.sh

@@ -26,13 +26,22 @@ done
 # - Read fd 3 and let the group exit with that value
 # - Redirect fd 4 to stdout
 ret=0
-{ { { {
+{
-        ret=0;
+  {
-        ( exec 3>&- 4>&-; env --chdir=./shared $SUDO sh -x ./test.sh 2>&1) || ret=$?;
+    {
-        echo $ret >&3;
+      {
-      } | tee shared/output.txt >&4;
+        ret=0
-    } 3>&1;
+        (
-  } | { read -r xs; exit "$xs"; }
+          exec 3>&- 4>&-
+          env --chdir=./shared $SUDO sh -x ./test.sh 2>&1
+        ) || ret=$?
+        echo $ret >&3
+      } | tee shared/output.txt >&4
+    } 3>&1
+  } | {
+    read -r xs
+    exit "$xs"
+  }
 } 4>&1 || ret=$?
 if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
   echo "test.sh failed"

run_qemu.sh

@@ -4,15 +4,13 @@ set -eu
 
 : "${DEFAULT_DIST:=unstable}"
 : "${cachedir:=./shared/cache}"
+: "${MMDEBSTRAP_TESTS_DEBUG:=no}"
 tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
 
 cleanup() {
   rv=$?
   rm -f "$tmpdir/log"
   [ -e "$tmpdir" ] && rmdir "$tmpdir"
-	if [ -n "${TAIL_PID:-}" ]; then
-		kill "$TAIL_PID"
-	fi
   if [ -e shared/output.txt ]; then
     res="$(cat shared/exitstatus.txt)"
     if [ "$res" != "0" ]; then
@@ -25,27 +23,49 @@ cleanup() {
 
 trap cleanup INT TERM EXIT
 
-echo 1 > shared/exitstatus.txt
+echo 1 >shared/exitstatus.txt
 if [ -e shared/output.txt ]; then
   rm shared/output.txt
 fi
 touch shared/output.txt
-tail -f shared/output.txt &
+setpriv --pdeathsig TERM tail -f shared/output.txt &
-TAIL_PID=$!
 
-# to connect to serial use:
+set -- timeout --foreground 40m \
-#   minicom -D 'unix#/tmp/ttyS0'
+  debvm-run --image="$(realpath "$cachedir")/debian-$DEFAULT_DIST.ext4" \
-#
+  --
-# or this (quit with ctrl+q):
+cpuname=$(lscpu | awk '/Model name:/ {print $3}' | tr '\n' '+')
-#   socat stdin,raw,echo=0,escape=0x11 unix-connect:/tmp/ttyS0
+ncpu=$(lscpu | awk '/Core\(s\) per socket:/ {print $4}' | tr '\n' '+')
-ret=0
+if [ "$cpuname" = "Cortex-A53+Cortex-A73+" ] && [ "$ncpu" = "2+4+" ]; then
-timeout --foreground 40m debvm-run --image="$(realpath "$cachedir")/debian-$DEFAULT_DIST.ext4" -- \
+  # crude detection of the big.LITTLE heterogeneous setup of cores on the
-	-m 4G -snapshot \
+  # amlogic a311d bananapi
+  #
+  # https://lists.nongnu.org/archive/html/qemu-devel/2020-10/msg08494.html
+  # https://gitlab.com/qemu-project/qemu/-/issues/239
+  # https://segments.zhan.science/posts/kvm_on_pinehone_pro/#trouble-with-heterogeneous-architecture
+  set -- taskset --cpu-list 2,3,4,5 "$@" -smp 4
+fi
+
+set -- "$@" -nic none -m 4G -snapshot
+
+if [ "$MMDEBSTRAP_TESTS_DEBUG" = "no" ]; then
+  # to connect to serial use:
+  #   minicom -D 'unix#/tmp/ttyS0'
+  # or this (quit with ctrl+q):
+  #   socat stdin,raw,echo=0,escape=0x11 unix-connect:/tmp/ttyS0
+  set -- "$@" \
     -monitor unix:/tmp/monitor,server,nowait \
     -serial unix:/tmp/ttyS0,server,nowait \
-	-serial unix:/tmp/ttyS1,server,nowait \
+    -serial unix:/tmp/ttyS1,server,nowait
-	-virtfs local,id=mmdebstrap,path="$(pwd)/shared",security_model=none,mount_tag=mmdebstrap \
+fi
-	>"$tmpdir/log" 2>&1 || ret=$?
+
+set -- "$@" -virtfs local,id=mmdebstrap,path="$(pwd)/shared",security_model=none,mount_tag=mmdebstrap
+
+ret=0
+if [ "$MMDEBSTRAP_TESTS_DEBUG" = "no" ]; then
+  "$@" >"$tmpdir/log" 2>&1 || ret=$?
+else
+  "$@" 2>&1 | tee "$tmpdir/log" || ret=$?
+fi
 if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
   cat "$tmpdir/log"
   exit $ret

tarfilter

@@ -218,8 +218,11 @@ Lastly, shift user id and group id of each entry by the value given by the
         skip = False
         if not hasattr(args, "pathfilter"):
             return False
+        # normalize path and make it absolute by stripping off all leading
+        # dots and slashes and then prepending a slash
+        name = "/" + member.name.lstrip("./")
         for t, r in args.pathfilter:
-            if r.match(member.name[1:]) is not None:
+            if r.match(name) is not None:
                 if t == "path_include":
                     skip = False
                 else:
@@ -230,7 +233,7 @@ Lastly, shift user id and group id of each entry by the value given by the
                     continue
                 prefix = prefix_prog.sub(r"\1", r.pattern)
                 prefix = prefix.rstrip("/")
-                if member.name[1:].startswith(prefix):
+                if name.startswith(prefix):
                     return False
         return skip
 

tests/apt-patterns

@@ -5,4 +5,4 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=essential \
   --include '?or(?exact-name(dummy-does-not-exist),?exact-name(apt))' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | grep -v ./var/lib/apt/extended_states | diff -u tar1.txt -
+tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/apt-patterns-custom

@@ -6,4 +6,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
   --include '?narrow(?archive(^{{ DIST }}$),?essential)' \
   --include apt \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
+{
+  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+  echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states
+} | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/aptopt

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/config" EXIT INT TERM
-echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' > /tmp/config
+echo 'Acquire::Languages "none";' >/tmp/config
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --aptopt='Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false"' --aptopt=/tmp/config {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 printf 'Acquire::Check-Valid-Until "false";\nAcquire::Languages "none";\n' | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap

tests/arm64-without-qemu-support

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
+apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
 # the following is not necessary anymore since systemd-binfmt
 # successfully disables support upon removal of qemu-user with
 # the upload of src:systemd 251.2-4: https://bugs.debian.org/1012163

tests/as-debootstrap-unshare-wrapper

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ AUTOPROXY=
 eval "$(apt-config shell AUTOPROXY Acquire::http::Proxy-Auto-Detect)"
 if [ -n "$AUTOPROXY" ] && [ -x "$AUTOPROXY" ] && [ -e /tmp/.auto-apt-proxy-0 ]; then
   TMP_APT_CONFIG=$(mktemp)
-	echo "Dir \"/dev/null\";" > "$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
+  echo 'Dir "/dev/null";' >"$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
   chmod 644 "$TMP_APT_CONFIG"
 fi
 
@@ -90,8 +90,8 @@ for f in shadow shadow-; do
   fi
   if ! cmp /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/$f /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f >&2; then
     echo patching /etc/$f >&2
-		awk -v FS=: -v OFS=: -v SDE={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} '{ print $1,$2,int(SDE/60/60/24),$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9 }' < /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f > /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
+    awk -v FS=: -v OFS=: -v SDE={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} '{ print $1,$2,int(SDE/60/60/24),$4,$5,$6,$7,$8,$9 }' </tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
-		cat /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak > /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f
+    cat /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak >/tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f
     rm /tmp/debian-mm/etc/$f.bak
   else
     echo no difference for /etc/$f >&2
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ done
 # unshared wrapper. The responsible postinst snippet was automatically added
 # by dh_apparmor since isc-dhcp-client 4.4.3-P1-1.1
 if [ -e /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient ] && [ ! -s /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient ]; then
-	echo /sbin/setcap > /tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient
+  echo /sbin/setcap >/tmp/debian-debootstrap/etc/apparmor.d/local/sbin.dhclient
 fi
 
 # check if the file content differs
@@ -120,8 +120,8 @@ for d in ./var/lib/apt/lists/partial ./var/cache/apt/archives/partial; do
 done
 tar -C /tmp/debian-debootstrap --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root1.tar .
 tar -C /tmp/debian-mm --numeric-owner --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root2.tar .
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar > /tmp/root1.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar >/tmp/root1.tar.list
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar > /tmp/root2.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar >/tmp/root2.tar.list
 # despite SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH and --clamp-mtime, the timestamps in the tarball
 # will slightly differ from each other in the sub-second precision (last
 # decimals) so the tarballs will not be identical, so we use diff to compare

tests/aspcud-apt-solver

@@ -3,9 +3,12 @@ set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=custom \
-    --include "$(tr '\n' ',' < pkglist.txt)" \
+  --include "$(tr '\n' ',' <pkglist.txt)" \
   --aptopt='APT::Solver "aspcud"' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort \
+{
+  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+  echo ./var/lib/apt/extended_states
+} | sort \
   | grep -v '^./etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99mmdebstrap$' \
   | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/automatic-mirror-from-suite

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
+cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS

tests/check-against-debootstrap-dist

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ echo "SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH=$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH"
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --mode={{ MODE }} \
   --essential-hook='[ {{ DIST }} = oldstable ] && [ {{ VARIANT }} = - ] && echo _apt:*:100:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin >> "$1"/etc/passwd || :' \
   "$(if [ {{ DIST }} = oldstable ]; then echo --merged-usr; else echo --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr; fi)" \
+  "$(case {{ DIST }} in oldstable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata,gcc-9-base ;; stable) echo --include=e2fsprogs,mount,tzdata ;; *) echo --include=base-files ;; esac)" \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 
 mkdir /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm
@@ -69,6 +70,8 @@ rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat-old \
   /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat-old
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status-old \
   /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status-old
+rm -f /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/diversions-old \
+  /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/diversions-old
 # remove dpkg files
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/available
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/cmethopt
@@ -76,12 +79,12 @@ rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/cmethopt
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/arch
 # since we installed packages directly from the .deb files, Priorities differ
 # thus we first check for equality and then remove the files
-chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap dpkg --list > /tmp/dpkg1
+chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap dpkg --list >/tmp/dpkg1
-chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm dpkg --list > /tmp/dpkg2
+chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm dpkg --list >/tmp/dpkg2
 diff -u /tmp/dpkg1 /tmp/dpkg2 >&2
 rm /tmp/dpkg1 /tmp/dpkg2
-grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status > /tmp/status1
+grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status >/tmp/status1
-grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status > /tmp/status2
+grep -v '^Priority: ' /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status >/tmp/status2
 diff -u /tmp/status1 /tmp/status2 >&2
 rm /tmp/status1 /tmp/status2
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/dpkg/status /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/dpkg/status
@@ -106,6 +109,7 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
   rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database
   rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/systemd/catalog/database
 
+  case {{ DIST }} in oldstable | stable)
     cap=$(chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap /sbin/getcap /bin/ping)
     expected="/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep"
     if [ "$cap" != "$expected" ]; then
@@ -119,7 +123,10 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
       echo "but mmdebstrap produced: $cap" >&2
       exit 1
     fi
+    ;;
+  esac
 fi
+
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/cache/apt/archives/lock
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/apt/extended_states
 rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/lib/apt/lists/lock
@@ -154,33 +161,75 @@ if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ] && [ "{{ DIST}}" = oldstable ]; then
 fi
 
 for log in faillog lastlog; do
-	if ! cmp /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/log/$log /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/log/$log >&2;then
+  f1="/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/log/$log"
+  f2="/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/log/$log"
+  # skip cmp if file is absent in both chroots
+  if [ ! -e "$f1" ] && [ ! -e "$f2" ]; then
+    continue
+  fi
+  if ! cmp "$f1" "$f2" >&2; then
     # if the files differ, make sure they are all zeroes
-		cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/log/$log")" "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/log/$log" /dev/zero >&2
+    cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "$f1")" "$f1" /dev/zero >&2
-		cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/log/$log")" "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/log/$log" /dev/zero >&2
+    cmp -n "$(stat -c %s "$f2")" "$f2" /dev/zero >&2
     # then delete them
-		rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/var/log/$log /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm/var/log/$log
+    rm "$f1" "$f2"
   fi
 done
 
-# the order in which systemd and cron get installed differ and thus the order
-# of lines in /etc/group and /etc/gshadow differs
 if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "-" ]; then
+  # the order in which systemd and cron get installed differ and thus the order
+  # of lines in /etc/group and /etc/gshadow differs
   for f in group group- gshadow gshadow-; do
     for d in mm debootstrap; do
-			sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f > /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
+      sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
       mv /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f
     done
   done
+  # the order in which systemd and passwd get installed differ and thus
+  # the order of lines in /etc/shadow and /etc/shadow- differs
+  for f in shadow shadow-; do
+    for d in mm debootstrap; do
+      sort /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f >/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak
+      mv /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f.bak /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f
+    done
+  done
+  # and since the order was different, ignore the *- files
+  for f in shadow- passwd-; do
+    for d in mm debootstrap; do
+      rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/$f
+    done
+  done
 fi
 
 # since debootstrap 1.0.133 there is no tzdata in the buildd variant and thus
 # debootstrap creates its own /etc/localtime
-if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "buildd" ]; then
+if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = "buildd" ] && [ "{{ DIST }}" != "stable" ] && [ "{{ DIST }}" != "oldstable" ]; then
   [ "$(readlink /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/etc/localtime)" = /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC ]
   rm /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap/etc/localtime
 fi
 
+# starting with systemd 255 upstream dropped splitusr support and depending on
+# the installation order, symlink targets are prefixed with /usr or not
+# See #1060000 and #1054137
+case {{ DIST }} in testing | unstable)
+  for f in multi-user.target.wants/e2scrub_reap.service timers.target.wants/apt-daily-upgrade.timer timers.target.wants/apt-daily.timer timers.target.wants/e2scrub_all.timer; do
+    for d in mm debootstrap; do
+      [ -L "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/systemd/system/$f" ] || continue
+      oldlink="$(readlink "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/systemd/system/$f")"
+      case $oldlink in
+        /usr/*) : ;;
+        /*) oldlink="/usr$oldlink" ;;
+        *)
+          echo unexpected >&2
+          exit 1
+          ;;
+      esac
+      ln -sf "$oldlink" "/tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-$d/etc/systemd/system/$f"
+    done
+  done
+  ;;
+esac
+
 # check if the file content differs
 diff --unified --no-dereference --recursive /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm >&2
 
@@ -189,13 +238,14 @@ diff --unified --no-dereference --recursive /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap /
 find /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm -type d -print0 | xargs -0 touch --date="@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}"
 # debootstrap never ran apt -- fixing permissions
 for d in ./var/lib/apt/lists/partial ./var/cache/apt/archives/partial; do
-	chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap chmod 0700 $d
+  unmergedPATH="$PATH$(if [ "{{ DIST }}" = oldstable ]; then echo :/bin:/sbin; fi)"
-	chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap chown "$(id -u _apt):root" $d
+  PATH="$unmergedPATH" chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap chmod 0700 $d
+  PATH="$unmergedPATH" chroot /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap chown "$(id -u _apt):root" $d
 done
 tar -C /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-debootstrap --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root1.tar .
 tar -C /tmp/debian-{{ DIST }}-mm --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/root2.tar .
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar > /tmp/root1.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root1.tar >/tmp/root1.tar.list
-tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar > /tmp/root2.tar.list
+tar --full-time --verbose -tf /tmp/root2.tar >/tmp/root2.tar.list
 diff -u /tmp/root1.tar.list /tmp/root2.tar.list >&2
 rm /tmp/root1.tar /tmp/root2.tar /tmp/root1.tar.list /tmp/root2.tar.list
 

tests/check-for-bit-by-bit-identical-format-output

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.{{ FORMAT }}" EXIT INT TERM
 
-case {{ MODE }} in unshare|fakechroot) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
+case {{ MODE }} in unshare | fakechroot) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
 
 prefix=
 if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then

tests/chrootless

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/chrootless.tar /tmp/root.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'apt,build-essential' 'systemd-sysv'; do
   for MODE in root chrootless; do
     {{ CMD }} --mode=$MODE --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr \
-			${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
+      ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} --skip=check/chrootless \
       {{ DIST }} "/tmp/$MODE.tar" {{ MIRROR }}
   done
   cmp /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar || diffoscope /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar

tests/chrootless-fakeroot

@@ -18,18 +18,26 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
   prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 fi
 
+MMTARFILTER=
+[ -x /usr/bin/mmtarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=/usr/bin/mmtarfilter
+[ -x ./tarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=./tarfilter
+
 # we need --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr because usrmerge does not understand
 # DPKG_ROOT
 # permissions drwxr-sr-x and extended attributes of ./var/log/journal/ cannot
 # be preserved under fakeroot
+# this applies to 'z' lines in files in /usr/lib/tmpfiles.d/
 for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'apt,build-essential' 'systemd-sysv'; do
   {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr \
-		--customize-hook='if [ -d "$1"/var/log/journal ]; then rmdir "$1"/var/log/journal; mkdir --mode=2755 "$1"/var/log/journal; chroot "$1" chown root:systemd-journal /var/log/journal; fi' \
     ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
-		{{ DIST }} /tmp/root.tar {{ MIRROR }}
+    {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
+    | "$MMTARFILTER" --path-exclude="/var/log/journal" --path-exclude="/etc/credstore*" \
+      >/tmp/root.tar
   $prefix fakeroot {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr \
     ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
-		{{ DIST }} /tmp/chrootless.tar {{ MIRROR }}
+    {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
+    | "$MMTARFILTER" --path-exclude="/var/log/journal" --path-exclude="/etc/credstore*" \
+      >/tmp/chrootless.tar
   cmp /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar || diffoscope /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar
   rm /tmp/chrootless.tar /tmp/root.tar
 done

tests/chrootless-foreign

@@ -10,11 +10,11 @@ fi
 
 deb2qemu() {
   case "$1" in
-		amd64) echo x86_64;;
+    amd64) echo x86_64 ;;
-		arm64) echo aarch64;;
+    arm64) echo aarch64 ;;
-		armel|armhf) echo arm;;
+    armel | armhf) echo arm ;;
-		ppc64el) echo ppc64le;;
+    ppc64el) echo ppc64le ;;
-		*) echo "$1";;
+    *) echo "$1" ;;
   esac
 }
 if [ "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" = "arm64" ]; then
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ fi
 [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]
 [ -e "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")" ]
 
-
 # we need --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr because usrmerge does not understand
 # DPKG_ROOT
 #
@@ -36,16 +35,16 @@ fi
 # its own architecture as the native architecture, see #825385 and #1020533
 # So we are not testing the installation of apt,build-essential here.
 for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'systemd-sysv'; do
-	echo 1 > "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
+  echo 1 >"/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
   arch-test "$arch"
   {{ CMD }} --mode=root --architecture="$arch" --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
     --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
     {{ DIST }} "/tmp/root.tar" {{ MIRROR }}
-	echo 0 > "/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
+  echo 0 >"/proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc/qemu-$(deb2qemu "$arch")"
   arch-test "$arch" && exit 1
   {{ CMD }} --mode=chrootless --architecture="$arch" --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
     --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr ${INCLUDE:+--include="$INCLUDE"} \
-		{{ DIST }} "/tmp/chrootless.tar" {{ MIRROR }}
+    --skip=check/chrootless {{ DIST }} "/tmp/chrootless.tar" {{ MIRROR }}
   # when creating a foreign architecture chroot, the tarballs are not
   # bit-by-bit identical but contain a few remaining differences:
   #
@@ -53,14 +52,13 @@ for INCLUDE in '' 'apt' 'systemd-sysv'; do
   #  * /var/lib/dpkg/triggers -- #990712
   #  * /var/cache/debconf/*.dat-old -- needs investigation
   for tar in root chrootless; do
-		<"/tmp/$tar.tar" \
+    ./tarfilter <"/tmp/$tar.tar" \
-		./tarfilter \
       --path-exclude=/var/cache/debconf/config.dat-old \
       --path-exclude=/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat-old \
       --path-exclude=/etc/ld.so.cache \
       --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/triggers/File \
       --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/triggers/ldconfig \
-			> "/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp"
+      >"/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp"
     mv "/tmp/$tar.tar.tmp" "/tmp/$tar.tar"
   done
   cmp /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar || diffoscope /tmp/root.tar /tmp/chrootless.tar

tests/compare-output-with-pre-seeded-var-cache-apt-archives

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
   --setup-hook='mkdir -p "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
   --setup-hook='touch "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock' \
   --setup-hook='chmod 0640 "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/lock' \
-	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/orig.tar
+  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/orig.tar
 # somehow, when trying to create a tarball from the 9p mount, tar throws the
 # following error: tar: ./doc-debian_6.4_all.deb: File shrank by 132942 bytes; padding with zeros
 # to reproduce, try: tar --directory /mnt/cache/debian/pool/main/d/doc-debian/ --create --file - . | tar --directory /tmp/ --extract --file -
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ cp /mnt/cache/debian/pool/main/b/busybox/busybox_*"_{{ HOSTARCH }}.deb" /mnt/cac
 {{ CMD }} $include --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
   --setup-hook='mkdir -p "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
   --setup-hook='sync-in "'"$tmpdir"'" /var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
-	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/test1.tar
+  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/test1.tar
 cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test1.tar
 {{ CMD }} $include --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
   --customize-hook='touch "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/partial' \
@@ -40,5 +40,5 @@ cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test1.tar
   --setup-hook='sync-in "'"$tmpdir"'" /var/cache/apt/archives/' \
   --setup-hook='chmod 0755 "$1"/var/cache/apt/archives/' \
   --customize-hook='find "'"$tmpdir"'" -type f -exec md5sum "{}" \; | sed "s|"'"$tmpdir"'"|$1/var/cache/apt/archives|" | md5sum --check' \
-	{{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/test2.tar
+  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/test2.tar
 cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/test2.tar

tests/create-arm64-tarball

@@ -1,65 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -eu
-export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-
-prefix=
-if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then
-	if ! id "${SUDO_USER:-user}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-		if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
-			echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
-			exit 1
-		fi
-		useradd --home-dir "/home/${SUDO_USER:-user}" --create-home "${SUDO_USER:-user}"
-	fi
-	prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
-fi
-
-[ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && prefix="$prefix fakechroot fakeroot"
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures=arm64 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-# we ignore differences between architectures by ignoring some files
-# and renaming others
-{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/ld-linux-aarch64\.so\.1$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-aarch64\.so\.1$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm-generic/int-ll64\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm-generic/types\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm-generic/unistd\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/sigcontext\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/sve_context\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/types\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/bits/procfs-extra\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/bits/procfs-id\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/bits/procfs-prregset\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/bits/procfs\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/gnu/stubs-lp64\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/linux/types\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/sys/procfs\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/sys/user\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.arm64\.gz$' \
-	| sed 's/aarch64-linux-gnu/x86_64-linux-gnu/' \
-	| sed 's/arm64/amd64/';
-} | sort > tar2.txt
-{ < tar1.txt \
-	grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./lib32$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./lib64$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./libx32$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib32/$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/libx32/$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64\.so\.2$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/ld-linux-x86-64\.so\.2$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec\.so\.1$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/posix_types_32\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/posix_types_64\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/posix_types_x32\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/unistd_32\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/unistd_64\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/asm/unistd_x32\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/perl/5\.[0-9]\+\.0/gnu/stubs-64\.ph$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.amd64\.gz$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$';
-} | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt >&2
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/create-directory

@@ -5,5 +5,5 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot" EXIT INT TERM
 
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query --showformat '${binary:Package}\n' --show > pkglist.txt
+chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query --showformat '${binary:Package}\n' --show >pkglist.txt
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort > tar1.txt
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort >tar1.txt

tests/create-foreign-tarball

@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+
+prefix=
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then
+  if ! id "${SUDO_USER:-user}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
+      echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    useradd --home-dir "/home/${SUDO_USER:-user}" --create-home "${SUDO_USER:-user}"
+  fi
+  prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
+fi
+
+case "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" in
+  arm64)
+    native_arch=arm64
+    native_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu
+    foreign_arch=amd64
+    foreign_gnu=x86_64-linux-gnu
+    ;;
+  amd64)
+    native_arch=amd64
+    native_gnu=x86_64-linux-gnu
+    foreign_arch=arm64
+    foreign_gnu=aarch64-linux-gnu
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "unsupported native architecture" >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+[ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && prefix="$prefix fakechroot fakeroot"
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures="$foreign_arch" \
+  {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
+# we ignore differences between architectures by ignoring some files
+# and renaming others
+{
+  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./lib64$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64\.so\.2$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib/ld-linux-aarch64\.so\.1$' \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$foreign_gnu/ld-linux-aarch64\\.so\\.1$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$foreign_gnu/ld-linux-x86-64\\.so\\.2$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$foreign_gnu/perl/5\\.[0-9][.0-9]\\+/.*\\.ph$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$foreign_gnu/libmvec\\.so\\.1$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\\+/changelog\\(\\.Debian\\)\\?\\.$foreign_arch\\.gz$" \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$' \
+    | sed "s/$foreign_gnu/$native_gnu/" \
+    | sed "s/$foreign_arch/$native_arch/"
+} | sort >/tmp/tar2.txt
+{
+  grep <tar1.txt -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./lib32$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./lib64$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./libx32$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib32/$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/libx32/$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64\.so\.2$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/lib/ld-linux-aarch64\.so\.1$' \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$native_gnu/ld-linux-x86-64\\.so\\.2$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$native_gnu/ld-linux-aarch64\\.so\\.1$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$native_gnu/libmvec\\.so\\.1$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/lib/$native_gnu/perl/5\\.[0-9][.0-9]\\+/.*\\.ph$" \
+    | grep -v "^\\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\\+/changelog\\(\\.Debian\\)\\?\\.$native_arch\\.gz$" \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$'
+} | sort | diff -u - /tmp/tar2.txt >&2
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/tar2.txt

tests/create-tarball-dry-run

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != root ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != auto ];
   fi
   prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
   if [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = extract ] || [ "{{ VARIANT }}" = custom ]; then
-		include="$(tr '\n' ',' < pkglist.txt)"
+    include="$(tr '\n' ',' <pkglist.txt)"
   fi
 fi
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --include="$include" --dry-run --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}

tests/custom-tmpdir

@@ -15,10 +15,10 @@ fi
 prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 
 # https://www.etalabs.net/sh_tricks.html
-quote () { printf %s\\n "$1" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/'/" ; }
+quote() { printf %s\\n "$1" | sed "s/'/'\\\\''/g;1s/^/'/;\$s/\$/'/"; }
 homedir=$($prefix sh -c 'cd && pwd')
 # apt:test/integration/test-apt-key
-TMPDIR_ADD="This is fü\$\$ing cràzy, \$(apt -v)\$!"
+TMPDIR_ADD='This is fü$$ing cràzy, $(apt -v)$!'
 $prefix mkdir "$homedir/$TMPDIR_ADD"
 # make sure the unshared user can traverse into the TMPDIR
 chmod 711 "$homedir"

tests/customize-hook

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/customize.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/customize.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/customize.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 chroot "$1" whoami > "$1/output2"
 chroot "$1" pwd >> "$1/output2"

tests/deb822-1-2

@@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/sources.list /tmp/deb822.sources" EXIT INT TERM
-cat << SOURCES > /tmp/deb822.sources
+cat <<SOURCES >/tmp/deb822.sources
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources.list
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources.list
 echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main" \
   | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
     /tmp/debian-chroot \
@@ -19,13 +19,13 @@ echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main" \
     {{ MIRROR }}6 \
     /tmp/sources.list
 test ! -e /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
-cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
+cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list -
+cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list -
 deb {{ MIRROR }}4 {{ DIST }} main
 
 deb {{ MIRROR }}3 {{ DIST }} main
@@ -40,6 +40,6 @@ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
     tar -t \
       | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources$" \
       | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.list$" \
-			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list";
+      | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list"
-		printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n";
+    printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n"
   } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/deb822-2-2

@@ -2,14 +2,14 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/sources /tmp/deb822" EXIT INT TERM
-cat << SOURCES > /tmp/deb822
+cat <<SOURCES >/tmp/deb822
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }}2 {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources
-cat << SOURCES | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
+cat <<SOURCES | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} \
   /tmp/debian-chroot \
   /tmp/deb822 \
   - \
@@ -21,13 +21,13 @@ Components: main
 SOURCES
 test ! -e /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
 ls -lha /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/
-cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
+cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}1
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
 Components: main
 SOURCES
-cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources -
+cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources -
 Types: deb
 URIs: {{ MIRROR }}3
 Suites: {{ DIST }}
@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
     tar -t \
       | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000deb822.sources$" \
       | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0001main.sources$" \
-			| grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list$";
+      | grep -v "^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0002sources.list$"
-		printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n";
+    printf "./etc/apt/sources.list\n"
   } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/debootstrap

@@ -5,6 +5,12 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 
 tmpdir="$(mktemp -d)"
 chmod 755 "$tmpdir"
-debootstrap "$([ "{{ DIST }}" = oldstable ] && echo --no-merged-usr || echo --merged-usr)" --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} "$tmpdir" {{ MIRROR }}
+ret=0
-tar --sort=name --mtime=@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH --clamp-mtime --numeric-owner --one-file-system --xattrs -C "$tmpdir" -c . > "./cache/debian-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar"
+debootstrap "$([ "{{ DIST }}" = oldstable ] && echo --no-merged-usr || echo --merged-usr)" --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} "$tmpdir" {{ MIRROR }} || ret=$?
+if [ "$ret" -ne 0 ]; then
+  echo "E: debootstrap failed, dumping $tmpdir/debootstrap/debootstrap.log"
+  cat "$tmpdir/debootstrap/debootstrap.log"
+  exit 1
+fi
+tar --sort=name --mtime=@$SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH --clamp-mtime --numeric-owner --one-file-system --xattrs -C "$tmpdir" -c . >"./cache/debian-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar"
 rm -r "$tmpdir"

tests/debug

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 
 # we use variant standard in verbose mode to see the maximum number of packages
 # that was chosen in case of USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG=yes
-# we use variant important on arches where variant standard is not bit-by-bit
+case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
-# reproducible due to #1031276
-case {{ VARIANT }} in standard|-) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --debug {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 

tests/dev-ptmx

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
 fi
 
 # this mimics what apt does in apt-pkg/deb/dpkgpm.cc/pkgDPkgPM::StartPtyMagic()
-cat > /tmp/test.c << 'END'
+cat >/tmp/test.c <<'END'
 #define _GNU_SOURCE
 
 #include <stdlib.h>

tests/dist-using-codename

@@ -8,6 +8,6 @@ trap "rm -f InRelease; rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/expected" EXIT INT TER
 /usr/lib/apt/apt-helper download-file "{{ MIRROR }}/dists/{{ DIST }}/InRelease" InRelease
 codename=$(awk '/^Codename: / { print $2; }' InRelease)
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt "$codename" /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} $codename main" > /tmp/expected
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} $codename main" >/tmp/expected
 tar --to-stdout --extract --file /tmp/debian-chroot.tar ./etc/apt/sources.list \
   | diff -u /tmp/expected -

tests/dpkgopt

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/config" EXIT INT TERM
-echo no-pager > /tmp/config
+echo no-pager >/tmp/config
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --dpkgopt="path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/*" --dpkgopt=/tmp/config --dpkgopt="path-include=/usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright" {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 printf 'path-exclude=/usr/share/doc/*\nno-pager\npath-include=/usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright\n' | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d/99mmdebstrap
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort > tar2.txt
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort >tar2.txt
-{ grep -v '^./usr/share/doc/.' tar1.txt; echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/; echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright; } | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt
+{
+  grep -v '^./usr/share/doc/.' tar1.txt
+  echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/
+  echo ./usr/share/doc/dpkg/copyright
+} | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt

tests/eatmydata-via-hook-dir

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
+cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 cat << EOF | diff - "\$1"/usr/bin/dpkg
@@ -12,18 +12,24 @@ EOF
 SCRIPT
 chmod +x /tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
 # first four bytes: magic
-elfheader="\\177ELF"
+elfheader='\177ELF'
 # fifth byte: bits
 case "$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH_BITS)" in
-	32) elfheader="$elfheader\\001";;
+  32) elfheader="$elfheader\\001" ;;
-	64) elfheader="$elfheader\\002";;
+  64) elfheader="$elfheader\\002" ;;
-	*) echo "bits not supported"; exit 1;;
+  *)
+    echo "bits not supported"
+    exit 1
+    ;;
 esac
 # sixth byte: endian
 case "$(dpkg-architecture -qDEB_HOST_ARCH_ENDIAN)" in
-	little) elfheader="$elfheader\\001";;
+  little) elfheader="$elfheader\\001" ;;
-	big) elfheader="$elfheader\\002";;
+  big) elfheader="$elfheader\\002" ;;
-	*) echo "endian not supported"; exit 1;;
+  *)
+    echo "endian not supported"
+    exit 1
+    ;;
 esac
 # seventh and eigth byte: elf version (1) and abi (unset)
 elfheader="$elfheader\\001\\000"
@@ -34,10 +40,9 @@ elfheader="$elfheader\\001\\000"
   --hook-dir=./hooks/eatmydata \
   --customize-hook='printf "'"$elfheader"'" | cmp --bytes=8 - "$1"/usr/bin/dpkg' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
- tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . \
   | tar -t \
   | sort \
-	 | grep -v '^\./var/lib/dpkg/diversions\(-old\)\?$' \
   | diff -u tar1.txt -
 rm /tmp/checkeatmydata.sh
 rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot

tests/empty-sources.list

@@ -3,6 +3,6 @@ set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 printf '' | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
-	--setup-hook='echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" > "$1"/etc/apt/sources.list' \
+  --setup-hook='test -e "$1"/etc/apt/sources.list || echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" > "$1"/etc/apt/sources.list' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar -
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/empty-suite

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
+
+trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
+
+{{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --verbose \
+  --setup-hook='echo deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main >> "$1"/etc/apt/sources.list' \
+  '' /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+
+cmp ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
+  || diffoscope ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/essential-hook

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot; rm -f /tmp/essential.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/essential.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/essential.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 echo tzdata tzdata/Zones/Europe select Berlin | chroot "$1" debconf-set-selections
 SCRIPT
@@ -17,5 +17,4 @@ tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort \
   | grep -v '^./usr/share/lintian/overrides/tzdata' \
   | grep -v '^./usr/share/zoneinfo' \
   | grep -v '^./var/lib/dpkg/info/tzdata.' \
-	| grep -v '^./var/lib/apt/extended_states$' \
   | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/fail-without-username-in-etc-subuid

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
-awk -F: '$1!="user"' /etc/subuid > /etc/subuid.tmp
+awk -F: '$1!="user"' /etc/subuid >/etc/subuid.tmp
 mv /etc/subuid.tmp /etc/subuid
 ret=0
 runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }} || ret=$?

tests/file-mirror-automount-hook

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   echo "this test requires the cache directory to be mounted on /mnt and should only be run inside a container" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && ! id -u user > /dev/null 2>&1; then
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && ! id -u user >/dev/null 2>&1; then
   useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
 fi
 prefix=

tests/hook-directory

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 for h in hookA hookB; do
   mkdir /tmp/$h
   for s in setup extract essential customize; do
-		cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
+    cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 echo $h/${s}00 >> "\$1/$s"
 SCRIPT
     chmod +x /tmp/$h/${s}00.sh
-		cat << SCRIPT > /tmp/$h/${s}01.sh
+    cat <<SCRIPT >/tmp/$h/${s}01.sh
 echo $h/${s}01 >> "\$1/$s"
 SCRIPT
     chmod +x /tmp/$h/${s}01.sh

tests/i386-which-can-be-executed-without-qemu

@@ -6,11 +6,12 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   exit 1
 fi
 # remove qemu just to be sure
-apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
+apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-binfmt binfmt-support qemu-user
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --architectures=i386 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 # we ignore differences between architectures by ignoring some files
 # and renaming others
-{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
+{
+  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/lib/ld-linux\.so\.2$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/ld-linux\.so\.2$' \
@@ -20,10 +21,10 @@ apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
     | grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.i386\.gz$' \
     | sed 's/i386-linux-gnu/x86_64-linux-gnu/' \
     | sed 's/i386/amd64/' \
-	| sed 's/\/stubs-32.ph$/\/stubs-64.ph/';
+    | sed 's/\/stubs-32.ph$/\/stubs-64.ph/'
-} | sort > tar2.txt
+} | sort >tar2.txt
-{ < tar1.txt \
+{
-	grep -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
+  grep <tar1.txt -v '^\./usr/bin/i386$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/bin/x86_64$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/lib32/$' \
     | grep -v '^\./lib32$' \
@@ -36,6 +37,6 @@ apt-get remove --yes qemu-user-static binfmt-support qemu-user
     | grep -v '^\./usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libmvec\.so\.1$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/share/doc/[^/]\+/changelog\(\.Debian\)\?\.amd64\.gz$' \
     | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/i386\.8\.gz$' \
-	| grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$';
+    | grep -v '^\./usr/share/man/man8/x86_64\.8\.gz$'
 } | sort | diff -u - tar2.txt >&2
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/include

@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot" EXIT INT TERM
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc-base/doc-debian.debian-*
 rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/debian
 rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/doc-debian
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/apt/extended_states
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/doc-debian.list
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/doc-debian.md5sums
 tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/include-deb-file

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
 # otherwise apt might decide to download the package with the same name and
 # version from the cache instead of using the local .deb
 mkdir -p /tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN
-cat << END > "/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
+cat <<END >"/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
 Package: dummypkg
 Priority: optional
 Section: oldlibs

tests/include-foreign-libmagic-mgc

@@ -6,20 +6,41 @@
 #   - installs only few files
 #   - doesn't change its name regularly (like gcc-*-base)
 
+case "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" in
+  arm64)
+    native_arch=arm64
+    foreign_arch=amd64
+    ;;
+  amd64)
+    native_arch=amd64
+    foreign_arch=arm64
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "unsupported native architecture" >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --architectures=amd64,arm64 --include=libmagic-mgc:arm64 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
+{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt \
-{ echo "amd64"; echo "arm64"; } | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
+  --architectures="$native_arch,$foreign_arch" \
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/apt/extended_states
+  --include="libmagic-mgc:$foreign_arch" \
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.list
+  {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.md5sums
+{
+  echo "$native_arch"
+  echo "$foreign_arch"
+} | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
+rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/"changelog.Debian.$foreign_arch.gz"
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.Debian.gz
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.gz
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/copyright
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/misc/magic.mgc
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.list
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.md5sums
 rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/
 rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic/
 rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/

tests/include-foreign-libmagic-mgc-with-multiple-arch-options

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+#
+# to test foreign architecture package installation we choose a package which
+#   - is not part of the native installation set
+#   - does not have any dependencies
+#   - installs only few files
+#   - doesn't change its name regularly (like gcc-*-base)
+
+case "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" in
+  arm64)
+    native_arch=arm64
+    foreign_arch=amd64
+    ;;
+  amd64)
+    native_arch=amd64
+    foreign_arch=arm64
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "unsupported native architecture" >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+set -eu
+export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt \
+  --architectures="$native_arch" \
+  --architectures="$foreign_arch" \
+  --include="libmagic-mgc:$foreign_arch" \
+  {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
+{
+  echo "$native_arch"
+  echo "$foreign_arch"
+} | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
+rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/"changelog.Debian.$foreign_arch.gz"
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.Debian.gz
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.gz
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/copyright
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic.mgc
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/misc/magic.mgc
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.list
+rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.md5sums
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic/
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/
+rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/
+tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
+rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot

tests/include-libmagic-mgc-arm64-with-multiple-arch-options

@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/sh
-set -eu
-export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --architectures=amd64 --architectures=arm64 --include=libmagic-mgc:arm64 {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-{ echo "amd64"; echo "arm64"; } | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/arch -
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/apt/extended_states
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.list
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/libmagic-mgc.md5sums
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.Debian.gz
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.gz
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/copyright
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic.mgc
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/misc/magic.mgc
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic/
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/
-tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --one-file-system -c . | tar -t | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
-rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot

tests/install-busybox-based-sub-essential-system

@@ -15,19 +15,24 @@ pkgs=base-files,base-passwd,busybox,debianutils,dpkg,libc-bin,mawk,tar
   --setup-hook='printf "root:x:0:\nmail:x:8:\nutmp:x:43:\n" > "$1/etc/group"' \
   --extract-hook='chroot "$1" busybox --install -s' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
-echo "$pkgs" | tr ',' '\n' > /tmp/expected
+echo "$pkgs" | tr ',' '\n' >/tmp/expected
 chroot /tmp/debian-chroot dpkg-query -f '${binary:Package}\n' -W \
   | comm -12 - /tmp/expected \
   | diff -u - /tmp/expected
 rm /tmp/expected
 for cmd in echo cat sed grep; do
   test -L /tmp/debian-chroot/bin/$cmd
-	test "$(readlink /tmp/debian-chroot/bin/$cmd)" = "/bin/busybox"
+  test "$(readlink /tmp/debian-chroot/bin/$cmd)" = "/usr/bin/busybox"
 done
 for cmd in sort tee; do
   test -L /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/$cmd
-	test "$(readlink /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/$cmd)" = "/bin/busybox"
+  test "$(readlink /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/$cmd)" = "/usr/bin/busybox"
 done
+
+# if /bin or /sbin are not symlinks, add /bin and /sbin to PATH
+if [ ! -L /tmp/debian-chroot/bin ] || [ ! -L /tmp/debian-chroot/sbin ]; then
+  export PATH="$PATH:/sbin:/bin"
+fi
 chroot /tmp/debian-chroot echo foobar \
   | chroot /tmp/debian-chroot cat \
   | chroot /tmp/debian-chroot sort \

tests/install-doc-debian

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ fi
 
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --include=doc-debian {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 tar -C /tmp/debian-chroot --owner=0 --group=0 --numeric-owner --sort=name --clamp-mtime --mtime="$(date --utc --date=@{{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }} --iso-8601=seconds)" -cf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar .
-tar tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar > doc-debian.tar.list
+tar tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar >doc-debian.tar.list
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 # delete contents of doc-debian
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc-base/doc-debian.debian-*

tests/install-libmagic-mgc-on-foreign

@@ -17,13 +17,27 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
   prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 fi
 
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --architectures=arm64 --include=libmagic-mgc {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
+case "$(dpkg --print-architecture)" in
+  arm64)
+    foreign_arch=amd64
+    ;;
+  amd64)
+    foreign_arch=arm64
+    ;;
+  *)
+    echo "unsupported native architecture" >&2
+    exit 1
+    ;;
+esac
+
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --architectures="$foreign_arch" --include=libmagic-mgc {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 # delete contents of libmagic-mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/lib/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/README.Debian
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.Debian.gz
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/changelog.gz
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/copyright
+rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/libmagic-mgc/"changelog.Debian.$foreign_arch.gz"
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/file/magic.mgc
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/misc/magic.mgc
 # delete real files

tests/jessie-or-older

@@ -30,13 +30,14 @@ filter() {
     --path-exclude=/var/cache/debconf/templates.dat-old \
     --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/available \
     --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/diversions \
+    --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/diversions-old \
     --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/cmethopt \
     --path-exclude=/var/lib/dpkg/status-old \
     --path-exclude=/var/lib/shells.state
 }
 
 # base for comparison without jessie-or-older hook
-{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} > /tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar
+{{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} >/tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar
 
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/jessie-or-older {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | filter > /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --hook-dir=./hooks/jessie-or-older {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | filter >/tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
-filter < /tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar
+filter </tmp/debian-chroot-root-normal.tar | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot-{{ MODE }}.tar

tests/logfile

@@ -7,8 +7,8 @@ trap "rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot /tmp/log /tmp/trimmed" EXIT INT TERM
 # we check the full log to also prevent debug printfs to accidentally make it into a commit
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --logfile=/tmp/log {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot {{ MIRROR }}
 # omit the last line which should contain the runtime
-head --lines=-1 /tmp/log > /tmp/trimmed
+head --lines=-1 /tmp/log >/tmp/trimmed
-cat << LOG | diff -u - /tmp/trimmed
+cat <<LOG | diff -u - /tmp/trimmed
 I: chroot architecture {{ HOSTARCH }} is equal to the host's architecture
 I: finding correct signed-by value...
 I: automatically chosen format: directory
@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@ I: running apt-get update...
 I: downloading packages with apt...
 I: extracting archives...
 I: installing essential packages...
+I: installing remaining packages inside the chroot...
 I: cleaning package lists and apt cache...
 LOG
 tail --lines=1 /tmp/log | grep '^I: success in .* seconds$'

tests/merged-fakechroot-inside-unmerged-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 trap "rm -f /tmp/chroot-fakechroot.tar /tmp/chroot-root.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 [ "$(whoami)" = "root" ]
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt --hook-dir=./hooks/merged-usr {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot-root.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/mirror-is-real-file

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/sources.list" EXIT INT TERM
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" > /tmp/sources.list
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" >/tmp/sources.list
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/sources.list
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
   | sed 's#^./etc/apt/sources.list.d/0000sources.list$#./etc/apt/sources.list#' \

tests/missing-dev-sys-proc-inside-the-chroot

@@ -17,4 +17,8 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
   prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 fi
 
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --include=dpkg,dash,diffutils,coreutils,libc-bin,sed {{ DIST }} /dev/null {{ MIRROR }}
+# do not install base-files, so that /proc, /sys and /dev are missing
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} \
+  --setup-hook='for dir in bin lib lib32 lib64 libo32 libx32 sbin; do ln -s "usr/$dir" "$1/$dir"; done' \
+  --include=dpkg,dash,diffutils,coreutils,libc-bin,sed \
+  {{ DIST }} /dev/null {{ MIRROR }}

tests/mmdebstrap

@@ -5,15 +5,26 @@ export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
 
 [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ]
 [ {{ MODE }} = "root" ]
-case {{ FORMAT }} in tar|squashfs|ext2) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
+case {{ FORMAT }} in tar | squashfs | ext2 | ext4) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
 
-{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }} {{ MIRROR }}
+{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} {{ DIST }} /tmp/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }} {{ MIRROR }}
+# creating an ext4 image on a 9p filesystem produces different results compared
+# to creating it on a tmpfs or ext4 fs because 9p does not support discards and
+# even when running with -E nodiscard, the number of written bytes will differ
+# https://lore.kernel.org/linux-ext4/171484520952.2626447.2160419274451668597@localhost/T/#t
+mv /tmp/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }} ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.{{ FORMAT }}
 if [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = tar ]; then
-	printf 'ustar ' | cmp --bytes=6 --ignore-initial=257:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar -
+  printf 'ustar\0' | cmp --bytes=6 --ignore-initial=257:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.tar -
 elif [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = squashfs ]; then
   printf 'hsqs' | cmp --bytes=4 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.squashfs -
 elif [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = ext2 ]; then
   printf '\123\357' | cmp --bytes=2 --ignore-initial=1080:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.ext2 -
+  printf '\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000\000' | cmp --bytes=12 --ignore-initial=1116:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.ext2 -
+elif [ "{{ FORMAT }}" = ext4 ]; then
+  printf '\123\357' | cmp --bytes=2 --ignore-initial=1080:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.ext4 -
+  printf '\074\020\000\000\302\042\000\000\153\004\000\000' | cmp --bytes=12 --ignore-initial=1116:0 ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.ext4 -
+
+  [ "$(/sbin/blkid --match-tag UUID --output value ./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-{{ VARIANT }}.ext4)" = "$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace="$(uuidgen --sha1 --namespace='@dns' --name mister-muffin.de)" --name $SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH)" ]
 else
   echo "unknown format: {{ FORMAT }}" >&2
   exit 1

tests/multiple-include

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/localtime
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/timezone
 rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/doc/tzdata
 rm -r /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/share/zoneinfo
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/apt/extended_states
 for p in doc-debian tzdata; do
   for f in list md5sums config postinst postrm templates preinst prerm; do
     [ -e "/tmp/debian-chroot/var/lib/dpkg/info/$p.$f" ] || continue

tests/not-having-to-install-apt-in-include-because-a-hook-did-it-before

@@ -6,4 +6,4 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
   --essential-hook='APT_CONFIG=$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG apt-get update' \
   --essential-hook='APT_CONFIG=$MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG apt-get --yes install apt' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | grep -v ./var/lib/apt/extended_states | diff -u tar1.txt -
+tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/pass-distribution-but-implicitly-write-to-stdout

@@ -5,10 +5,10 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
+cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS
-{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -
 rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar

tests/pivot_root

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
 fi
 
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
-	--include=mount \
+  --include=mount,perl \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot1.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 
 if [ {{ MODE }} = "unshare" ]; then
   # calling pivot_root in root mode does not work for mysterious reasons:
   # pivot_root: failed to change root from `.' to `mnt': Invalid argument
-	$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --include=mount \
+  $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --include=mount,perl \
     --customize-hook='mkdir -p "$1/mnt" "$1/oldroot"' \
     --customize-hook='[ ! -e /usr/bin/mmdebstrap ] || cp -aT /usr/bin/mmdebstrap "$1/usr/bin/mmdebstrap"' \
     --customize-hook='[ ! -e ./mmdebstrap ] || cp -aT ./mmdebstrap "$1/mnt/mmdebstrap"' \
     --customize-hook='mount -o rbind "$1" /mnt && cd /mnt && /sbin/pivot_root . oldroot' \
     --customize-hook='unshare -U echo nested unprivileged unshare' \
-		--customize-hook='env --chdir=/mnt {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=mount {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot3.tar {{ MIRROR }}' \
+    --customize-hook='env --chdir=/mnt {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=mount,perl {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot3.tar {{ MIRROR }}' \
     --customize-hook='copy-out /tmp/chroot3.tar /tmp' \
     --customize-hook='rm -f "/usr/bin/mmdebstrap" "/mnt/mmdebstrap"' \
     --customize-hook='umount -l oldroot sys' \
@@ -41,11 +41,11 @@ if [ {{ MODE }} = "unshare" ]; then
   rm /tmp/chroot2.tar /tmp/chroot3.tar
 fi
 
-$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --include=mount \
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --include=mount,perl \
   --customize-hook='mkdir -p "$1/mnt"' \
   --customize-hook='[ ! -e /usr/bin/mmdebstrap ] || cp -aT /usr/bin/mmdebstrap "$1/usr/bin/mmdebstrap"' \
   --customize-hook='[ ! -e ./mmdebstrap ] || cp -aT ./mmdebstrap "$1/mnt/mmdebstrap"' \
-	--chrooted-customize-hook='env --chdir=/mnt {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=mount {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot3.tar {{ MIRROR }}' \
+  --chrooted-customize-hook='env --chdir=/mnt {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=mount,perl {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot3.tar {{ MIRROR }}' \
   --customize-hook='copy-out /tmp/chroot3.tar /tmp' \
   --customize-hook='rm -f "$1/usr/bin/mmdebstrap" "$1/mnt/mmdebstrap"' \
   {{ DIST }} /tmp/chroot2.tar {{ MIRROR }}

tests/preserve-mode-of-etc-resolv-conf-and-etc-hostname

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
 fi
 for f in /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hostname; do
   # preserve original content
-	cat "$f" > "$f.bak"
+  cat "$f" >"$f.bak"
   # in case $f is a symlink, we replace it by a real file
   if [ -L "$f" ]; then
     rm "$f"

tests/read-from-stdin-write-to-stdout

@@ -2,5 +2,5 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+echo "deb {{ MIRROR }} {{ DIST }} main" | {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/remove-start-stop-daemon-and-policy-rc-d-in-hook

@@ -2,5 +2,7 @@
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --customize-hook='rm "$1/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d"; rm "$1/sbin/start-stop-daemon"' {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
+{{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
+  --customize-hook='rm "$1/usr/sbin/policy-rc.d"; rm "$1/usr/sbin/start-stop-daemon"' \
+  {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/root-mode-inside-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar script.sh" EXIT INT TERM
 
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -exu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/root-mode-inside-unshare-chroot

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto
   prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
 fi
 
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/script.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/sigint-during-customize-hook

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ pid=$!
 while sleep 1; do [ -e hookstarted ] && break; done
 rm hookstarted
 # negative PID values choose the whole process group
-pgid=$((-1*$(ps -p "$pid" -o pgid=)))
+pgid=$((-1 * $(ps -p "$pid" -o pgid=)))
 /bin/kill --signal INT -- "$pgid"
 ret=0
 wait $pid || ret=$?

tests/skip-output-dev

@@ -17,19 +17,19 @@ fi
 # test this for both unshare and root mode because the code paths creating
 # entries in /dev are different depending on whether mknod is available or not
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --skip=output/dev {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | {
-	tar -t;
+  tar -t
-	echo ./dev/console;
+  echo ./dev/console
-	echo ./dev/fd;
+  echo ./dev/fd
-	echo ./dev/full;
+  echo ./dev/full
-	echo ./dev/null;
+  echo ./dev/null
-	echo ./dev/ptmx;
+  echo ./dev/ptmx
-	echo ./dev/pts/;
+  echo ./dev/pts/
-	echo ./dev/random;
+  echo ./dev/random
-	echo ./dev/shm/;
+  echo ./dev/shm/
-	echo ./dev/stderr;
+  echo ./dev/stderr
-	echo ./dev/stdin;
+  echo ./dev/stdin
-	echo ./dev/stdout;
+  echo ./dev/stdout
-	echo ./dev/tty;
+  echo ./dev/tty
-	echo ./dev/urandom;
+  echo ./dev/urandom
-	echo ./dev/zero;
+  echo ./dev/zero
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/skip-output-mknod

@@ -18,13 +18,13 @@ fi
 # entries in /dev are different depending on whether mknod is available or not
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt --skip=output/mknod \
   {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} | {
-	tar -t;
+  tar -t
-	echo ./dev/console;
+  echo ./dev/console
-	echo ./dev/full;
+  echo ./dev/full
-	echo ./dev/null;
+  echo ./dev/null
-	echo ./dev/ptmx;
+  echo ./dev/ptmx
-	echo ./dev/random;
+  echo ./dev/random
-	echo ./dev/tty;
+  echo ./dev/tty
-	echo ./dev/urandom;
+  echo ./dev/urandom
-	echo ./dev/zero;
+  echo ./dev/zero
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/special-hooks-using-helpers

@@ -6,11 +6,23 @@ mkdir /tmp/root
 ln -s /real /tmp/root/link
 mkdir /tmp/root/real
 run_testA() {
-  echo content > /tmp/foo
+  echo content >/tmp/foo
   # shellcheck disable=SC2094
-  { { { {{ CMD }} --hook-helper /tmp/root root setup '' 1 upload /tmp/foo "$1" < /tmp/myfifo 3>&-; echo $? >&3; printf "\\000\\000adios";
+  {
-      } | {{ CMD }} --hook-listener 1 3>&- >/tmp/myfifo; echo $?; } 3>&1;
+    {
-  } | { read -r xs1; [ "$xs1" -eq 0 ]; read -r xs2; [ "$xs2" -eq 0 ]; }
+      {
+        {{ CMD }} --hook-helper /tmp/root root setup '' 1 upload /tmp/foo "$1" </tmp/myfifo 3>&-
+        echo $? >&3
+        printf '\000\000adios'
+      } | {{ CMD }} --hook-listener 1 3>&- >/tmp/myfifo
+      echo $?
+    } 3>&1
+  } | {
+    read -r xs1
+    [ "$xs1" -eq 0 ]
+    read -r xs2
+    [ "$xs2" -eq 0 ]
+  }
   echo content | diff -u - /tmp/root/real/foo
   rm /tmp/foo
   rm /tmp/root/real/foo

tests/special-hooks-using-helpers-and-env-vars

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > /tmp/script.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >/tmp/script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 echo "MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG $MMDEBSTRAP_APT_CONFIG"

tests/special-hooks-with-mode-mode

@@ -17,27 +17,27 @@ fi
 [ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && prefix="$prefix fakechroot fakeroot"
 symlinktarget=/real
 [ "{{ MODE }}" = "fakechroot" ] && symlinktarget='$1/real'
-echo copy-in-setup > /tmp/copy-in-setup
+echo copy-in-setup >/tmp/copy-in-setup
-echo copy-in-essential > /tmp/copy-in-essential
+echo copy-in-essential >/tmp/copy-in-essential
-echo copy-in-customize > /tmp/copy-in-customize
+echo copy-in-customize >/tmp/copy-in-customize
-echo tar-in-setup > /tmp/tar-in-setup
+echo tar-in-setup >/tmp/tar-in-setup
-echo tar-in-essential > /tmp/tar-in-essential
+echo tar-in-essential >/tmp/tar-in-essential
-echo tar-in-customize > /tmp/tar-in-customize
+echo tar-in-customize >/tmp/tar-in-customize
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-setup.tar tar-in-setup
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-essential.tar tar-in-essential
 tar --numeric-owner --format=pax --pax-option=exthdr.name=%d/PaxHeaders/%f,delete=atime,delete=ctime -C /tmp -cf /tmp/tar-in-customize.tar tar-in-customize
 rm /tmp/tar-in-setup
 rm /tmp/tar-in-essential
 rm /tmp/tar-in-customize
-echo upload-setup > /tmp/upload-setup
+echo upload-setup >/tmp/upload-setup
-echo upload-essential > /tmp/upload-essential
+echo upload-essential >/tmp/upload-essential
-echo upload-customize > /tmp/upload-customize
+echo upload-customize >/tmp/upload-customize
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-setup
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-essential
 mkdir /tmp/sync-in-customize
-echo sync-in-setup > /tmp/sync-in-setup/file
+echo sync-in-setup >/tmp/sync-in-setup/file
-echo sync-in-essential > /tmp/sync-in-essential/file
+echo sync-in-essential >/tmp/sync-in-essential/file
-echo sync-in-customize > /tmp/sync-in-customize/file
+echo sync-in-customize >/tmp/sync-in-customize/file
 $prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
   --setup-hook='mkdir "$1/real"' \
   --setup-hook='copy-in /tmp/copy-in-setup /real' \

tests/stable-default-mirror

@@ -5,14 +5,14 @@ if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
   echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
   exit 1
 fi
-cat << HOSTS >> /etc/hosts
+cat <<HOSTS >>/etc/hosts
 127.0.0.1 deb.debian.org
 127.0.0.1 security.debian.org
 HOSTS
 apt-cache policy
 cat /etc/apt/sources.list
 {{ CMD }} --mode=root --variant=apt stable /tmp/debian-chroot
-cat << SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
+cat <<SOURCES | cmp /tmp/debian-chroot/etc/apt/sources.list
 deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable main
 deb http://deb.debian.org/debian stable-updates main
 deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security stable-security main

tests/tarfilter-idshift

@@ -1,58 +1,111 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
-if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
+
-	echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
+trap "rm -f /tmp/mkpaxtar.pl /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/file /tmp/expected /tmp/filtered.tar" EXIT INT TERM
-	exit 1
+
-fi
+cat <<'END' >/tmp/mkpaxtar.pl
-trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar /tmp/debian-chroot.txt /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar /tmp/expected; rm -rf /tmp/debian-chroot" EXIT INT TERM
+#!/usr/bin/env perl
-useradd --home-dir /home/user --create-home user
+
-echo user:100000:65536 | cmp /etc/subuid -
+use strict;
-echo user:100000:65536 | cmp /etc/subgid -
+use warnings;
-# include iputils-ping so that we can verify that tarfilter does not remove
+
-# extended attributes
+my @entries = (
-# run through tarshift no-op to create a tarball that should be bit-by-bit
+    # filename            mode      type content
-# identical to a round trip through "tarfilter --idshift X" and "tarfilter --idshift -X"
+    ['./PaxHeaders/file', oct(644), 'x', "57 SCHILY.xattr.security.capability=\x01\0\0\x02\0\x20\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\0\x0a"],
-runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --mode=unshare --variant=apt --include=iputils-ping {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
+    ['./file',              oct(644), 0,   'test'],
-	| ./tarfilter --idshift 0 > /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+);
+
+my $num_entries = 0;
+
+foreach my $file (@entries) {
+    my ($fname, $mode, $type, $content) = @{$file};
+    my $entry = pack(
+        'a100 a8 a8 a8 a12 a12 A8 a1 a100 a6 a2 a32 a32 a8 a8 a155 x12',
+        $fname,
+        sprintf('%07o',  $mode),
+        sprintf('%07o',  0),                  # uid
+        sprintf('%07o',  0),                  # gid
+        sprintf('%011o', length $content),    # size
+        sprintf('%011o', 0),                  # mtime
+        '',                                   # checksum
+        $type,
+        '',                                   # linkname
+        "ustar",                              # magic
+        "00",                                 # version
+        '',                                   # username
+        '',                                   # groupname
+        '',                                   # dev major
+        '',                                   # dev minor
+        '',                                   # prefix
+    );
+
+    # compute and insert checksum
+    substr($entry, 148, 7)
+      = sprintf("%06o\0", unpack("%16C*", $entry));
+    print $entry;
+    $num_entries += 1;
+
+    if (length $content) {
+        print(pack 'a512', $content);
+        $num_entries += 1;
+    }
+}
+
+# https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_node/Standard.html
+#
+# Physically, an archive consists of a series of file entries terminated by an
+# end-of-archive entry, which consists of two 512 blocks of zero bytes. At the
+# end of the archive file there are two 512-byte blocks filled with binary
+# zeros as an end-of-file marker.
+
+print(pack 'a512', '');
+print(pack 'a512', '');
+$num_entries += 2;
+
+# https://www.gnu.org/software/tar/manual/html_section/tar_76.html
+#
+# Some devices requires that all write operations be a multiple of a certain
+# size, and so, tar pads the archive out to the next record boundary.
+#
+# The default blocking factor is 20. With a block size of 512 bytes, we get a
+# record size of 10240.
+
+for (my $i = $num_entries ; $i < 20 ; $i++) {
+    print(pack 'a512', '');
+}
+END
+
+MMTARFILTER=
+[ -x /usr/bin/mmtarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=/usr/bin/mmtarfilter
+[ -x ./tarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=./tarfilter
+
+perl /tmp/mkpaxtar.pl | "$MMTARFILTER" >/tmp/orig.tar
 # make sure that xattrs are set in the original tarball
-mkdir /tmp/debian-chroot
+tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/ -xf /tmp/orig.tar ./file
-tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/debian-chroot -xf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar ./usr/bin/ping
+echo "/tmp/file cap_net_raw=ep" >/tmp/expected
-echo "/tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
+getcap /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-getcap /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
+# make sure that the file content is as expected
-rm /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping
+printf test | diff -u /tmp/file - >&2
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin
+# make sure that uid/gid are as expected in the original tarball
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot/usr
+echo "0 0 644" >/tmp/expected
-rmdir /tmp/debian-chroot
+stat --format="%u %g %a" /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-# shift the uid/gid forward by 100000 and backward by 100000
+rm /tmp/file
-./tarfilter --idshift 100000 < /tmp/debian-chroot.tar > /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar
+# tarball must be bit by-bit-identical after round-trip
-./tarfilter --idshift -100000 < /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar > /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar
+"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift 0 </tmp/orig.tar >/tmp/filtered.tar
-# the tarball before and after the roundtrip through tarfilter should be bit
+cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/filtered.tar
-# by bit identical
+
-cmp /tmp/debian-chroot.tar /tmp/debian-chroot-shiftedback.tar
+# now shift uid/gid
-# manually adjust uid/gid and compare "tar -t" output
+"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift 100000 </tmp/orig.tar >/tmp/filtered.tar
-tar --numeric-owner -tvf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
+# make sure that uid/gid are as expected in the filtered tarball
-	| sed 's# 42/0 # 100042/100000 #' \
+tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/ -xf /tmp/filtered.tar ./file
-	| sed 's# 0/0 # 100000/100000 #' \
+echo "100000 100000 644" >/tmp/expected
-	| sed 's# 0/5 # 100000/100005 #' \
+stat --format="%u %g %a" /tmp/file | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-	| sed 's# 0/8 # 100000/100008 #' \
+rm /tmp/file
-	| sed 's# 0/42 # 100000/100042 #' \
+
-	| sed 's# 0/43 # 100000/100043 #' \
+# now shift uid/gid back to create a round-trip
-	| sed 's# 0/50 # 100000/100050 #' \
+"$MMTARFILTER" --idshift -100000 </tmp/filtered.tar >/tmp/filtered2.tar
-	| sed 's/ \+/ /g' \
+
-	> /tmp/debian-chroot.txt
+# the result must be identical to the original and will thus also include the
-tar --numeric-owner -tvf /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar \
+# correct xattr information
-	| sed 's/ \+/ /g' \
+cmp /tmp/orig.tar /tmp/filtered2.tar
-	| diff -u /tmp/debian-chroot.txt - >&2
-mkdir /tmp/debian-chroot
-tar --xattrs --xattrs-include='*' --directory /tmp/debian-chroot -xf /tmp/debian-chroot-shifted.tar
-echo "100000 100000" > /tmp/expected
-stat --format="%u %g" /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-echo "/tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
-getcap /tmp/debian-chroot/usr/bin/ping | diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-echo "0 0" > /tmp/expected
-runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --unshare-helper /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/debian-chroot stat --format="%u %g" /usr/bin/ping \
-	| diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2
-echo "/usr/bin/ping cap_net_raw=ep" > /tmp/expected
-runuser -u user -- {{ CMD }} --unshare-helper /usr/sbin/chroot /tmp/debian-chroot getcap /usr/bin/ping \
-	| diff -u /tmp/expected - >&2

tests/unshare-as-root-user-inside-chroot

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ set -eu
 export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
 [ "$(whoami)" = "root" ]
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar script.sh" EXIT INT TERM
-cat << 'SCRIPT' > script.sh
+cat <<'SCRIPT' >script.sh
 #!/bin/sh
 set -eu
 rootfs="$1"

tests/unshare-include-deb

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fi
 # otherwise apt might decide to download the package with the same name and
 # version from the cache instead of using the local .deb
 mkdir -p /tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN
-cat << END > "/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
+cat <<END >"/tmp/dummypkg/DEBIAN/control"
 Package: dummypkg
 Priority: optional
 Section: oldlibs

tests/verbose

@@ -7,9 +7,7 @@ trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 
 # we use variant standard in verbose mode to see the maximum number of packages
 # that was chosen in case of USE_HOST_APT_CONFIG=yes
-# we use variant important on arches where variant standard is not bit-by-bit
+case {{ VARIANT }} in standard) : ;; *) exit 1 ;; esac
-# reproducible due to #1031276
-case {{ VARIANT }} in standard|-) : ;; *) exit 1;; esac
 
 {{ CMD }} --variant={{ VARIANT }} --verbose {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
 

tests/without-etc-resolv-conf-and-etc-hostname

@@ -8,7 +8,8 @@ fi
 trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
 rm /etc/resolv.conf /etc/hostname
 {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt {{ DIST }} /tmp/debian-chroot.tar {{ MIRROR }}
-{ tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar;
+{
-  printf "./etc/hostname\n";
+  tar -tf /tmp/debian-chroot.tar
-  printf "./etc/resolv.conf\n";
+  printf "./etc/hostname\n"
+  printf "./etc/resolv.conf\n"
 } | sort | diff -u tar1.txt -

tests/zombie-reaping

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+#!/bin/sh
+set -eu
+export LC_ALL=C.UTF-8
+export SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH={{ SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH }}
+
+[ {{ MODE }} = "unshare" ]
+
+trap "rm -f /tmp/debian-chroot.tar" EXIT INT TERM
+
+prefix=
+if [ "$(id -u)" -eq 0 ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "root" ] && [ "{{ MODE }}" != "auto" ]; then
+  if ! id "${SUDO_USER:-user}" >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+    if [ ! -e /mmdebstrap-testenv ]; then
+      echo "this test modifies the system and should only be run inside a container" >&2
+      exit 1
+    fi
+    useradd --home-dir "/home/${SUDO_USER:-user}" --create-home "${SUDO_USER:-user}"
+  fi
+  prefix="runuser -u ${SUDO_USER:-user} --"
+fi
+
+MMTARFILTER=
+[ -x /usr/bin/mmtarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=/usr/bin/mmtarfilter
+[ -x ./tarfilter ] && MMTARFILTER=./tarfilter
+
+$prefix {{ CMD }} --mode={{ MODE }} --variant=apt \
+  --skip=output/dev \
+  --customize-hook='chroot "$1" sh -c "sleep 1m > /dev/null" &' \
+  {{ DIST }} - {{ MIRROR }} \
+  | "$MMTARFILTER" --path-exclude="/dev" \
+    >/tmp/debian-chroot.tar
+
+origfilter() {
+  "$MMTARFILTER" <./cache/mmdebstrap-{{ DIST }}-apt.tar --path-exclude="/dev/*" --path-exclude="/dev"
+}
+
+origfilter | cmp - /tmp/debian-chroot.tar \
+  || origfilter | diffoscope - /tmp/debian-chroot.tar