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1767 lines
68 KiB
Python
1767 lines
68 KiB
Python
"""Beautiful Soup
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Elixir and Tonic
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"The Screen-Scraper's Friend"
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http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/
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Beautiful Soup parses a (possibly invalid) XML or HTML document into a
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tree representation. It provides methods and Pythonic idioms that make
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it easy to navigate, search, and modify the tree.
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A well-formed XML/HTML document yields a well-formed data
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structure. An ill-formed XML/HTML document yields a correspondingly
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ill-formed data structure. If your document is only locally
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well-formed, you can use this library to find and process the
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well-formed part of it. The BeautifulSoup class
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Beautiful Soup works with Python 2.2 and up. It has no external
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dependencies, but you'll have more success at converting data to UTF-8
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if you also install these three packages:
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* chardet, for auto-detecting character encodings
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http://chardet.feedparser.org/
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* cjkcodecs and iconv_codec, which add more encodings to the ones supported
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by stock Python.
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http://cjkpython.i18n.org/
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Beautiful Soup defines classes for two main parsing strategies:
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* BeautifulStoneSoup, for parsing XML, SGML, or your domain-specific
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language that kind of looks like XML.
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* BeautifulSoup, for parsing run-of-the-mill HTML code, be it valid
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or invalid. This class has web browser-like heuristics for
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obtaining a sensible parse tree in the face of common HTML errors.
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Beautiful Soup also defines a class (UnicodeDammit) for autodetecting
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the encoding of an HTML or XML document, and converting it to
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Unicode. Much of this code is taken from Mark Pilgrim's Universal Feed Parser.
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For more than you ever wanted to know about Beautiful Soup, see the
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documentation:
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http://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/documentation.html
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"""
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from __future__ import generators
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__author__ = "Leonard Richardson (leonardr@segfault.org)"
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__version__ = "3.0.4"
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__copyright__ = "Copyright (c) 2004-2007 Leonard Richardson"
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__license__ = "PSF"
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from sgmllib import SGMLParser, SGMLParseError
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import codecs
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import types
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import re
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import sgmllib
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try:
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from htmlentitydefs import name2codepoint
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except ImportError:
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name2codepoint = {}
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#This hack makes Beautiful Soup able to parse XML with namespaces
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sgmllib.tagfind = re.compile('[a-zA-Z][-_.:a-zA-Z0-9]*')
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DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING = "utf-8"
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# First, the classes that represent markup elements.
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class PageElement:
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"""Contains the navigational information for some part of the page
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(either a tag or a piece of text)"""
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def setup(self, parent=None, previous=None):
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"""Sets up the initial relations between this element and
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other elements."""
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self.parent = parent
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self.previous = previous
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self.next = None
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self.previousSibling = None
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self.nextSibling = None
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if self.parent and self.parent.contents:
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self.previousSibling = self.parent.contents[-1]
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self.previousSibling.nextSibling = self
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def replaceWith(self, replaceWith):
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oldParent = self.parent
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myIndex = self.parent.contents.index(self)
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if hasattr(replaceWith, 'parent') and replaceWith.parent == self.parent:
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# We're replacing this element with one of its siblings.
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index = self.parent.contents.index(replaceWith)
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if index and index < myIndex:
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# Furthermore, it comes before this element. That
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# means that when we extract it, the index of this
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# element will change.
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myIndex = myIndex - 1
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self.extract()
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oldParent.insert(myIndex, replaceWith)
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def extract(self):
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"""Destructively rips this element out of the tree."""
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if self.parent:
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try:
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self.parent.contents.remove(self)
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except ValueError:
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pass
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#Find the two elements that would be next to each other if
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#this element (and any children) hadn't been parsed. Connect
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#the two.
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lastChild = self._lastRecursiveChild()
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nextElement = lastChild.next
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if self.previous:
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self.previous.next = nextElement
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if nextElement:
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nextElement.previous = self.previous
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self.previous = None
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lastChild.next = None
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self.parent = None
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if self.previousSibling:
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self.previousSibling.nextSibling = self.nextSibling
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if self.nextSibling:
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self.nextSibling.previousSibling = self.previousSibling
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self.previousSibling = self.nextSibling = None
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def _lastRecursiveChild(self):
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"Finds the last element beneath this object to be parsed."
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lastChild = self
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while hasattr(lastChild, 'contents') and lastChild.contents:
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lastChild = lastChild.contents[-1]
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return lastChild
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def insert(self, position, newChild):
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if (isinstance(newChild, basestring)
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or isinstance(newChild, unicode)) \
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and not isinstance(newChild, NavigableString):
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newChild = NavigableString(newChild)
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position = min(position, len(self.contents))
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if hasattr(newChild, 'parent') and newChild.parent != None:
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# We're 'inserting' an element that's already one
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# of this object's children.
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if newChild.parent == self:
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index = self.find(newChild)
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if index and index < position:
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# Furthermore we're moving it further down the
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# list of this object's children. That means that
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# when we extract this element, our target index
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# will jump down one.
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position = position - 1
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newChild.extract()
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newChild.parent = self
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previousChild = None
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if position == 0:
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newChild.previousSibling = None
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newChild.previous = self
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else:
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previousChild = self.contents[position-1]
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newChild.previousSibling = previousChild
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newChild.previousSibling.nextSibling = newChild
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newChild.previous = previousChild._lastRecursiveChild()
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if newChild.previous:
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newChild.previous.next = newChild
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newChildsLastElement = newChild._lastRecursiveChild()
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if position >= len(self.contents):
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newChild.nextSibling = None
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parent = self
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parentsNextSibling = None
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while not parentsNextSibling:
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parentsNextSibling = parent.nextSibling
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parent = parent.parent
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if not parent: # This is the last element in the document.
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break
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if parentsNextSibling:
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newChildsLastElement.next = parentsNextSibling
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else:
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newChildsLastElement.next = None
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else:
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nextChild = self.contents[position]
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newChild.nextSibling = nextChild
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if newChild.nextSibling:
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newChild.nextSibling.previousSibling = newChild
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newChildsLastElement.next = nextChild
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if newChildsLastElement.next:
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newChildsLastElement.next.previous = newChildsLastElement
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self.contents.insert(position, newChild)
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def findNext(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the first item that matches the given criteria and
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appears after this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findOne(self.findAllNext, name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
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def findAllNext(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
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**kwargs):
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"""Returns all items that match the given criteria and appear
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before after Tag in the document."""
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return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit, self.nextGenerator)
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def findNextSibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the closest sibling to this Tag that matches the
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given criteria and appears after this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findOne(self.findNextSiblings, name, attrs, text,
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**kwargs)
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def findNextSiblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
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**kwargs):
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"""Returns the siblings of this Tag that match the given
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criteria and appear after this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit,
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self.nextSiblingGenerator, **kwargs)
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fetchNextSiblings = findNextSiblings # Compatibility with pre-3.x
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def findPrevious(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the first item that matches the given criteria and
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appears before this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findOne(self.findAllPrevious, name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
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def findAllPrevious(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, limit=None,
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**kwargs):
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"""Returns all items that match the given criteria and appear
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before this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit, self.previousGenerator,
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**kwargs)
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fetchPrevious = findAllPrevious # Compatibility with pre-3.x
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def findPreviousSibling(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the closest sibling to this Tag that matches the
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given criteria and appears before this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findOne(self.findPreviousSiblings, name, attrs, text,
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**kwargs)
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def findPreviousSiblings(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None,
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limit=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the siblings of this Tag that match the given
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criteria and appear before this Tag in the document."""
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return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit,
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self.previousSiblingGenerator, **kwargs)
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fetchPreviousSiblings = findPreviousSiblings # Compatibility with pre-3.x
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def findParent(self, name=None, attrs={}, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the closest parent of this Tag that matches the given
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criteria."""
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# NOTE: We can't use _findOne because findParents takes a different
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# set of arguments.
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r = None
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l = self.findParents(name, attrs, 1)
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if l:
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r = l[0]
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return r
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def findParents(self, name=None, attrs={}, limit=None, **kwargs):
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"""Returns the parents of this Tag that match the given
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criteria."""
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return self._findAll(name, attrs, None, limit, self.parentGenerator,
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**kwargs)
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fetchParents = findParents # Compatibility with pre-3.x
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#These methods do the real heavy lifting.
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def _findOne(self, method, name, attrs, text, **kwargs):
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r = None
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l = method(name, attrs, text, 1, **kwargs)
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if l:
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r = l[0]
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return r
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def _findAll(self, name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs):
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"Iterates over a generator looking for things that match."
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if isinstance(name, SoupStrainer):
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strainer = name
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else:
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# Build a SoupStrainer
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strainer = SoupStrainer(name, attrs, text, **kwargs)
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results = ResultSet(strainer)
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g = generator()
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while True:
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try:
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i = g.next()
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except StopIteration:
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|
break
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if i:
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|
found = strainer.search(i)
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|
if found:
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results.append(found)
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if limit and len(results) >= limit:
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break
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return results
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|
#These Generators can be used to navigate starting from both
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#NavigableStrings and Tags.
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def nextGenerator(self):
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i = self
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while i:
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i = i.next
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yield i
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def nextSiblingGenerator(self):
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i = self
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while i:
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|
i = i.nextSibling
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yield i
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|
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|
def previousGenerator(self):
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i = self
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|
while i:
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|
i = i.previous
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|
yield i
|
|
|
|
def previousSiblingGenerator(self):
|
|
i = self
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|
while i:
|
|
i = i.previousSibling
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|
yield i
|
|
|
|
def parentGenerator(self):
|
|
i = self
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|
while i:
|
|
i = i.parent
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|
yield i
|
|
|
|
# Utility methods
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|
def substituteEncoding(self, str, encoding=None):
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|
encoding = encoding or "utf-8"
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|
return str.replace("%SOUP-ENCODING%", encoding)
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|
|
|
def toEncoding(self, s, encoding=None):
|
|
"""Encodes an object to a string in some encoding, or to Unicode.
|
|
."""
|
|
if isinstance(s, unicode):
|
|
if encoding:
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|
s = s.encode(encoding)
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|
elif isinstance(s, str):
|
|
if encoding:
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|
s = s.encode(encoding)
|
|
else:
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|
s = unicode(s)
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|
else:
|
|
if encoding:
|
|
s = self.toEncoding(str(s), encoding)
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|
else:
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|
s = unicode(s)
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return s
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|
|
|
class NavigableString(unicode, PageElement):
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, attr):
|
|
"""text.string gives you text. This is for backwards
|
|
compatibility for Navigable*String, but for CData* it lets you
|
|
get the string without the CData wrapper."""
|
|
if attr == 'string':
|
|
return self
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|
else:
|
|
raise AttributeError, "'%s' object has no attribute '%s'" % (self.__class__.__name__, attr)
|
|
|
|
def __unicode__(self):
|
|
return self.__str__(None)
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|
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
if encoding:
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|
return self.encode(encoding)
|
|
else:
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|
return self
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|
|
|
class CData(NavigableString):
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
return "<![CDATA[%s]]>" % NavigableString.__str__(self, encoding)
|
|
|
|
class ProcessingInstruction(NavigableString):
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
output = self
|
|
if "%SOUP-ENCODING%" in output:
|
|
output = self.substituteEncoding(output, encoding)
|
|
return "<?%s?>" % self.toEncoding(output, encoding)
|
|
|
|
class Comment(NavigableString):
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
return "<!--%s-->" % NavigableString.__str__(self, encoding)
|
|
|
|
class Declaration(NavigableString):
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
return "<!%s>" % NavigableString.__str__(self, encoding)
|
|
|
|
class Tag(PageElement):
|
|
|
|
"""Represents a found HTML tag with its attributes and contents."""
|
|
|
|
XML_SPECIAL_CHARS_TO_ENTITIES = { "'" : "squot",
|
|
'"' : "quote",
|
|
"&" : "amp",
|
|
"<" : "lt",
|
|
">" : "gt" }
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, parser, name, attrs=None, parent=None,
|
|
previous=None):
|
|
"Basic constructor."
|
|
|
|
# We don't actually store the parser object: that lets extracted
|
|
# chunks be garbage-collected
|
|
self.parserClass = parser.__class__
|
|
self.isSelfClosing = parser.isSelfClosingTag(name)
|
|
self.name = name
|
|
if attrs == None:
|
|
attrs = []
|
|
self.attrs = attrs
|
|
self.contents = []
|
|
self.setup(parent, previous)
|
|
self.hidden = False
|
|
self.containsSubstitutions = False
|
|
|
|
def get(self, key, default=None):
|
|
"""Returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the tag, or
|
|
the value given for 'default' if it doesn't have that
|
|
attribute."""
|
|
return self._getAttrMap().get(key, default)
|
|
|
|
def has_key(self, key):
|
|
return self._getAttrMap().has_key(key)
|
|
|
|
def __getitem__(self, key):
|
|
"""tag[key] returns the value of the 'key' attribute for the tag,
|
|
and throws an exception if it's not there."""
|
|
return self._getAttrMap()[key]
|
|
|
|
def __iter__(self):
|
|
"Iterating over a tag iterates over its contents."
|
|
return iter(self.contents)
|
|
|
|
def __len__(self):
|
|
"The length of a tag is the length of its list of contents."
|
|
return len(self.contents)
|
|
|
|
def __contains__(self, x):
|
|
return x in self.contents
|
|
|
|
def __nonzero__(self):
|
|
"A tag is non-None even if it has no contents."
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def __setitem__(self, key, value):
|
|
"""Setting tag[key] sets the value of the 'key' attribute for the
|
|
tag."""
|
|
self._getAttrMap()
|
|
self.attrMap[key] = value
|
|
found = False
|
|
for i in range(0, len(self.attrs)):
|
|
if self.attrs[i][0] == key:
|
|
self.attrs[i] = (key, value)
|
|
found = True
|
|
if not found:
|
|
self.attrs.append((key, value))
|
|
self._getAttrMap()[key] = value
|
|
|
|
def __delitem__(self, key):
|
|
"Deleting tag[key] deletes all 'key' attributes for the tag."
|
|
for item in self.attrs:
|
|
if item[0] == key:
|
|
self.attrs.remove(item)
|
|
#We don't break because bad HTML can define the same
|
|
#attribute multiple times.
|
|
self._getAttrMap()
|
|
if self.attrMap.has_key(key):
|
|
del self.attrMap[key]
|
|
|
|
def __call__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Calling a tag like a function is the same as calling its
|
|
findAll() method. Eg. tag('a') returns a list of all the A tags
|
|
found within this tag."""
|
|
return apply(self.findAll, args, kwargs)
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, tag):
|
|
#print "Getattr %s.%s" % (self.__class__, tag)
|
|
if len(tag) > 3 and tag.rfind('Tag') == len(tag)-3:
|
|
return self.find(tag[:-3])
|
|
elif tag.find('__') != 0:
|
|
return self.find(tag)
|
|
|
|
def __eq__(self, other):
|
|
"""Returns true iff this tag has the same name, the same attributes,
|
|
and the same contents (recursively) as the given tag.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: right now this will return false if two tags have the
|
|
same attributes in a different order. Should this be fixed?"""
|
|
if not hasattr(other, 'name') or not hasattr(other, 'attrs') or not hasattr(other, 'contents') or self.name != other.name or self.attrs != other.attrs or len(self) != len(other):
|
|
return False
|
|
for i in range(0, len(self.contents)):
|
|
if self.contents[i] != other.contents[i]:
|
|
return False
|
|
return True
|
|
|
|
def __ne__(self, other):
|
|
"""Returns true iff this tag is not identical to the other tag,
|
|
as defined in __eq__."""
|
|
return not self == other
|
|
|
|
def __repr__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
"""Renders this tag as a string."""
|
|
return self.__str__(encoding)
|
|
|
|
def __unicode__(self):
|
|
return self.__str__(None)
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
|
|
prettyPrint=False, indentLevel=0):
|
|
"""Returns a string or Unicode representation of this tag and
|
|
its contents. To get Unicode, pass None for encoding.
|
|
|
|
NOTE: since Python's HTML parser consumes whitespace, this
|
|
method is not certain to reproduce the whitespace present in
|
|
the original string."""
|
|
|
|
encodedName = self.toEncoding(self.name, encoding)
|
|
|
|
attrs = []
|
|
if self.attrs:
|
|
for key, val in self.attrs:
|
|
fmt = '%s="%s"'
|
|
if isString(val):
|
|
if self.containsSubstitutions and '%SOUP-ENCODING%' in val:
|
|
val = self.substituteEncoding(val, encoding)
|
|
|
|
# The attribute value either:
|
|
#
|
|
# * Contains no embedded double quotes or single quotes.
|
|
# No problem: we enclose it in double quotes.
|
|
# * Contains embedded single quotes. No problem:
|
|
# double quotes work here too.
|
|
# * Contains embedded double quotes. No problem:
|
|
# we enclose it in single quotes.
|
|
# * Embeds both single _and_ double quotes. This
|
|
# can't happen naturally, but it can happen if
|
|
# you modify an attribute value after parsing
|
|
# the document. Now we have a bit of a
|
|
# problem. We solve it by enclosing the
|
|
# attribute in single quotes, and escaping any
|
|
# embedded single quotes to XML entities.
|
|
if '"' in val:
|
|
fmt = "%s='%s'"
|
|
# This can't happen naturally, but it can happen
|
|
# if you modify an attribute value after parsing.
|
|
if "'" in val:
|
|
val = val.replace("'", "&squot;")
|
|
|
|
# Now we're okay w/r/t quotes. But the attribute
|
|
# value might also contain angle brackets, or
|
|
# ampersands that aren't part of entities. We need
|
|
# to escape those to XML entities too.
|
|
val = re.sub("([<>]|&(?![^\s]+;))",
|
|
lambda x: "&" + self.XML_SPECIAL_CHARS_TO_ENTITIES[x.group(0)[0]] + ";",
|
|
val)
|
|
|
|
attrs.append(fmt % (self.toEncoding(key, encoding),
|
|
self.toEncoding(val, encoding)))
|
|
close = ''
|
|
closeTag = ''
|
|
if self.isSelfClosing:
|
|
close = ' /'
|
|
else:
|
|
closeTag = '</%s>' % encodedName
|
|
|
|
indentTag, indentContents = 0, 0
|
|
if prettyPrint:
|
|
indentTag = indentLevel
|
|
space = (' ' * (indentTag-1))
|
|
indentContents = indentTag + 1
|
|
contents = self.renderContents(encoding, prettyPrint, indentContents)
|
|
if self.hidden:
|
|
s = contents
|
|
else:
|
|
s = []
|
|
attributeString = ''
|
|
if attrs:
|
|
attributeString = ' ' + ' '.join(attrs)
|
|
if prettyPrint:
|
|
s.append(space)
|
|
s.append('<%s%s%s>' % (encodedName, attributeString, close))
|
|
if prettyPrint:
|
|
s.append("\n")
|
|
s.append(contents)
|
|
if prettyPrint and contents and contents[-1] != "\n":
|
|
s.append("\n")
|
|
if prettyPrint and closeTag:
|
|
s.append(space)
|
|
s.append(closeTag)
|
|
if prettyPrint and closeTag and self.nextSibling:
|
|
s.append("\n")
|
|
s = ''.join(s)
|
|
return s
|
|
|
|
def prettify(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING):
|
|
return self.__str__(encoding, True)
|
|
|
|
def renderContents(self, encoding=DEFAULT_OUTPUT_ENCODING,
|
|
prettyPrint=False, indentLevel=0):
|
|
"""Renders the contents of this tag as a string in the given
|
|
encoding. If encoding is None, returns a Unicode string.."""
|
|
s=[]
|
|
for c in self:
|
|
text = None
|
|
if isinstance(c, NavigableString):
|
|
text = c.__str__(encoding)
|
|
elif isinstance(c, Tag):
|
|
s.append(c.__str__(encoding, prettyPrint, indentLevel))
|
|
if text and prettyPrint:
|
|
text = text.strip()
|
|
if text:
|
|
if prettyPrint:
|
|
s.append(" " * (indentLevel-1))
|
|
s.append(text)
|
|
if prettyPrint:
|
|
s.append("\n")
|
|
return ''.join(s)
|
|
|
|
#Soup methods
|
|
|
|
def find(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
|
|
**kwargs):
|
|
"""Return only the first child of this Tag matching the given
|
|
criteria."""
|
|
r = None
|
|
l = self.findAll(name, attrs, recursive, text, 1, **kwargs)
|
|
if l:
|
|
r = l[0]
|
|
return r
|
|
findChild = find
|
|
|
|
def findAll(self, name=None, attrs={}, recursive=True, text=None,
|
|
limit=None, **kwargs):
|
|
"""Extracts a list of Tag objects that match the given
|
|
criteria. You can specify the name of the Tag and any
|
|
attributes you want the Tag to have.
|
|
|
|
The value of a key-value pair in the 'attrs' map can be a
|
|
string, a list of strings, a regular expression object, or a
|
|
callable that takes a string and returns whether or not the
|
|
string matches for some custom definition of 'matches'. The
|
|
same is true of the tag name."""
|
|
generator = self.recursiveChildGenerator
|
|
if not recursive:
|
|
generator = self.childGenerator
|
|
return self._findAll(name, attrs, text, limit, generator, **kwargs)
|
|
findChildren = findAll
|
|
|
|
# Pre-3.x compatibility methods
|
|
first = find
|
|
fetch = findAll
|
|
|
|
def fetchText(self, text=None, recursive=True, limit=None):
|
|
return self.findAll(text=text, recursive=recursive, limit=limit)
|
|
|
|
def firstText(self, text=None, recursive=True):
|
|
return self.find(text=text, recursive=recursive)
|
|
|
|
#Utility methods
|
|
|
|
def append(self, tag):
|
|
"""Appends the given tag to the contents of this tag."""
|
|
self.contents.append(tag)
|
|
|
|
#Private methods
|
|
|
|
def _getAttrMap(self):
|
|
"""Initializes a map representation of this tag's attributes,
|
|
if not already initialized."""
|
|
if not getattr(self, 'attrMap'):
|
|
self.attrMap = {}
|
|
for (key, value) in self.attrs:
|
|
self.attrMap[key] = value
|
|
return self.attrMap
|
|
|
|
#Generator methods
|
|
def childGenerator(self):
|
|
for i in range(0, len(self.contents)):
|
|
yield self.contents[i]
|
|
raise StopIteration
|
|
|
|
def recursiveChildGenerator(self):
|
|
stack = [(self, 0)]
|
|
while stack:
|
|
tag, start = stack.pop()
|
|
if isinstance(tag, Tag):
|
|
for i in range(start, len(tag.contents)):
|
|
a = tag.contents[i]
|
|
yield a
|
|
if isinstance(a, Tag) and tag.contents:
|
|
if i < len(tag.contents) - 1:
|
|
stack.append((tag, i+1))
|
|
stack.append((a, 0))
|
|
break
|
|
raise StopIteration
|
|
|
|
# Next, a couple classes to represent queries and their results.
|
|
class SoupStrainer:
|
|
"""Encapsulates a number of ways of matching a markup element (tag or
|
|
text)."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, name=None, attrs={}, text=None, **kwargs):
|
|
self.name = name
|
|
if isString(attrs):
|
|
kwargs['class'] = attrs
|
|
attrs = None
|
|
if kwargs:
|
|
if attrs:
|
|
attrs = attrs.copy()
|
|
attrs.update(kwargs)
|
|
else:
|
|
attrs = kwargs
|
|
self.attrs = attrs
|
|
self.text = text
|
|
|
|
def __str__(self):
|
|
if self.text:
|
|
return self.text
|
|
else:
|
|
return "%s|%s" % (self.name, self.attrs)
|
|
|
|
def searchTag(self, markupName=None, markupAttrs={}):
|
|
found = None
|
|
markup = None
|
|
if isinstance(markupName, Tag):
|
|
markup = markupName
|
|
markupAttrs = markup
|
|
callFunctionWithTagData = callable(self.name) \
|
|
and not isinstance(markupName, Tag)
|
|
|
|
if (not self.name) \
|
|
or callFunctionWithTagData \
|
|
or (markup and self._matches(markup, self.name)) \
|
|
or (not markup and self._matches(markupName, self.name)):
|
|
if callFunctionWithTagData:
|
|
match = self.name(markupName, markupAttrs)
|
|
else:
|
|
match = True
|
|
markupAttrMap = None
|
|
for attr, matchAgainst in self.attrs.items():
|
|
if not markupAttrMap:
|
|
if hasattr(markupAttrs, 'get'):
|
|
markupAttrMap = markupAttrs
|
|
else:
|
|
markupAttrMap = {}
|
|
for k,v in markupAttrs:
|
|
markupAttrMap[k] = v
|
|
attrValue = markupAttrMap.get(attr)
|
|
if not self._matches(attrValue, matchAgainst):
|
|
match = False
|
|
break
|
|
if match:
|
|
if markup:
|
|
found = markup
|
|
else:
|
|
found = markupName
|
|
return found
|
|
|
|
def search(self, markup):
|
|
#print 'looking for %s in %s' % (self, markup)
|
|
found = None
|
|
# If given a list of items, scan it for a text element that
|
|
# matches.
|
|
if isList(markup) and not isinstance(markup, Tag):
|
|
for element in markup:
|
|
if isinstance(element, NavigableString) \
|
|
and self.search(element):
|
|
found = element
|
|
break
|
|
# If it's a Tag, make sure its name or attributes match.
|
|
# Don't bother with Tags if we're searching for text.
|
|
elif isinstance(markup, Tag):
|
|
if not self.text:
|
|
found = self.searchTag(markup)
|
|
# If it's text, make sure the text matches.
|
|
elif isinstance(markup, NavigableString) or \
|
|
isString(markup):
|
|
if self._matches(markup, self.text):
|
|
found = markup
|
|
else:
|
|
raise Exception, "I don't know how to match against a %s" \
|
|
% markup.__class__
|
|
return found
|
|
|
|
def _matches(self, markup, matchAgainst):
|
|
#print "Matching %s against %s" % (markup, matchAgainst)
|
|
result = False
|
|
if matchAgainst == True and type(matchAgainst) == types.BooleanType:
|
|
result = markup != None
|
|
elif callable(matchAgainst):
|
|
result = matchAgainst(markup)
|
|
else:
|
|
#Custom match methods take the tag as an argument, but all
|
|
#other ways of matching match the tag name as a string.
|
|
if isinstance(markup, Tag):
|
|
markup = markup.name
|
|
if markup and not isString(markup):
|
|
markup = unicode(markup)
|
|
#Now we know that chunk is either a string, or None.
|
|
if hasattr(matchAgainst, 'match'):
|
|
# It's a regexp object.
|
|
result = markup and matchAgainst.search(markup)
|
|
elif isList(matchAgainst):
|
|
result = markup in matchAgainst
|
|
elif hasattr(matchAgainst, 'items'):
|
|
result = markup.has_key(matchAgainst)
|
|
elif matchAgainst and isString(markup):
|
|
if isinstance(markup, unicode):
|
|
matchAgainst = unicode(matchAgainst)
|
|
else:
|
|
matchAgainst = str(matchAgainst)
|
|
|
|
if not result:
|
|
result = matchAgainst == markup
|
|
return result
|
|
|
|
class ResultSet(list):
|
|
"""A ResultSet is just a list that keeps track of the SoupStrainer
|
|
that created it."""
|
|
def __init__(self, source):
|
|
list.__init__([])
|
|
self.source = source
|
|
|
|
# Now, some helper functions.
|
|
|
|
def isList(l):
|
|
"""Convenience method that works with all 2.x versions of Python
|
|
to determine whether or not something is listlike."""
|
|
return hasattr(l, '__iter__') \
|
|
or (type(l) in (types.ListType, types.TupleType))
|
|
|
|
def isString(s):
|
|
"""Convenience method that works with all 2.x versions of Python
|
|
to determine whether or not something is stringlike."""
|
|
try:
|
|
return isinstance(s, unicode) or isintance(s, basestring)
|
|
except NameError:
|
|
return isinstance(s, str)
|
|
|
|
def buildTagMap(default, *args):
|
|
"""Turns a list of maps, lists, or scalars into a single map.
|
|
Used to build the SELF_CLOSING_TAGS, NESTABLE_TAGS, and
|
|
NESTING_RESET_TAGS maps out of lists and partial maps."""
|
|
built = {}
|
|
for portion in args:
|
|
if hasattr(portion, 'items'):
|
|
#It's a map. Merge it.
|
|
for k,v in portion.items():
|
|
built[k] = v
|
|
elif isList(portion):
|
|
#It's a list. Map each item to the default.
|
|
for k in portion:
|
|
built[k] = default
|
|
else:
|
|
#It's a scalar. Map it to the default.
|
|
built[portion] = default
|
|
return built
|
|
|
|
# Now, the parser classes.
|
|
|
|
class BeautifulStoneSoup(Tag, SGMLParser):
|
|
|
|
"""This class contains the basic parser and search code. It defines
|
|
a parser that knows nothing about tag behavior except for the
|
|
following:
|
|
|
|
You can't close a tag without closing all the tags it encloses.
|
|
That is, "<foo><bar></foo>" actually means
|
|
"<foo><bar></bar></foo>".
|
|
|
|
[Another possible explanation is "<foo><bar /></foo>", but since
|
|
this class defines no SELF_CLOSING_TAGS, it will never use that
|
|
explanation.]
|
|
|
|
This class is useful for parsing XML or made-up markup languages,
|
|
or when BeautifulSoup makes an assumption counter to what you were
|
|
expecting."""
|
|
|
|
XML_ENTITY_LIST = {}
|
|
for i in Tag.XML_SPECIAL_CHARS_TO_ENTITIES.values():
|
|
XML_ENTITY_LIST[i] = True
|
|
|
|
SELF_CLOSING_TAGS = {}
|
|
NESTABLE_TAGS = {}
|
|
RESET_NESTING_TAGS = {}
|
|
QUOTE_TAGS = {}
|
|
|
|
MARKUP_MASSAGE = [(re.compile('(<[^<>]*)/>'),
|
|
lambda x: x.group(1) + ' />'),
|
|
(re.compile('<!\s+([^<>]*)>'),
|
|
lambda x: '<!' + x.group(1) + '>')
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
ROOT_TAG_NAME = u'[document]'
|
|
|
|
HTML_ENTITIES = "html"
|
|
XML_ENTITIES = "xml"
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, markup="", parseOnlyThese=None, fromEncoding=None,
|
|
markupMassage=True, smartQuotesTo=XML_ENTITIES,
|
|
convertEntities=None, selfClosingTags=None):
|
|
"""The Soup object is initialized as the 'root tag', and the
|
|
provided markup (which can be a string or a file-like object)
|
|
is fed into the underlying parser.
|
|
|
|
sgmllib will process most bad HTML, and the BeautifulSoup
|
|
class has some tricks for dealing with some HTML that kills
|
|
sgmllib, but Beautiful Soup can nonetheless choke or lose data
|
|
if your data uses self-closing tags or declarations
|
|
incorrectly.
|
|
|
|
By default, Beautiful Soup uses regexes to sanitize input,
|
|
avoiding the vast majority of these problems. If the problems
|
|
don't apply to you, pass in False for markupMassage, and
|
|
you'll get better performance.
|
|
|
|
The default parser massage techniques fix the two most common
|
|
instances of invalid HTML that choke sgmllib:
|
|
|
|
<br/> (No space between name of closing tag and tag close)
|
|
<! --Comment--> (Extraneous whitespace in declaration)
|
|
|
|
You can pass in a custom list of (RE object, replace method)
|
|
tuples to get Beautiful Soup to scrub your input the way you
|
|
want."""
|
|
|
|
self.parseOnlyThese = parseOnlyThese
|
|
self.fromEncoding = fromEncoding
|
|
self.smartQuotesTo = smartQuotesTo
|
|
self.convertEntities = convertEntities
|
|
if self.convertEntities:
|
|
# It doesn't make sense to convert encoded characters to
|
|
# entities even while you're converting entities to Unicode.
|
|
# Just convert it all to Unicode.
|
|
self.smartQuotesTo = None
|
|
self.instanceSelfClosingTags = buildTagMap(None, selfClosingTags)
|
|
SGMLParser.__init__(self)
|
|
|
|
if hasattr(markup, 'read'): # It's a file-type object.
|
|
markup = markup.read()
|
|
self.markup = markup
|
|
self.markupMassage = markupMassage
|
|
try:
|
|
self._feed()
|
|
except StopParsing:
|
|
pass
|
|
self.markup = None # The markup can now be GCed
|
|
|
|
def _feed(self, inDocumentEncoding=None):
|
|
# Convert the document to Unicode.
|
|
markup = self.markup
|
|
if isinstance(markup, unicode):
|
|
if not hasattr(self, 'originalEncoding'):
|
|
self.originalEncoding = None
|
|
else:
|
|
dammit = UnicodeDammit\
|
|
(markup, [self.fromEncoding, inDocumentEncoding],
|
|
smartQuotesTo=self.smartQuotesTo)
|
|
markup = dammit.unicode
|
|
self.originalEncoding = dammit.originalEncoding
|
|
if markup:
|
|
if self.markupMassage:
|
|
if not isList(self.markupMassage):
|
|
self.markupMassage = self.MARKUP_MASSAGE
|
|
for fix, m in self.markupMassage:
|
|
markup = fix.sub(m, markup)
|
|
self.reset()
|
|
|
|
SGMLParser.feed(self, markup)
|
|
# Close out any unfinished strings and close all the open tags.
|
|
self.endData()
|
|
while self.currentTag.name != self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
|
|
self.popTag()
|
|
|
|
def __getattr__(self, methodName):
|
|
"""This method routes method call requests to either the SGMLParser
|
|
superclass or the Tag superclass, depending on the method name."""
|
|
#print "__getattr__ called on %s.%s" % (self.__class__, methodName)
|
|
|
|
if methodName.find('start_') == 0 or methodName.find('end_') == 0 \
|
|
or methodName.find('do_') == 0:
|
|
return SGMLParser.__getattr__(self, methodName)
|
|
elif methodName.find('__') != 0:
|
|
return Tag.__getattr__(self, methodName)
|
|
else:
|
|
raise AttributeError
|
|
|
|
def isSelfClosingTag(self, name):
|
|
"""Returns true iff the given string is the name of a
|
|
self-closing tag according to this parser."""
|
|
return self.SELF_CLOSING_TAGS.has_key(name) \
|
|
or self.instanceSelfClosingTags.has_key(name)
|
|
|
|
def reset(self):
|
|
Tag.__init__(self, self, self.ROOT_TAG_NAME)
|
|
self.hidden = 1
|
|
SGMLParser.reset(self)
|
|
self.currentData = []
|
|
self.currentTag = None
|
|
self.tagStack = []
|
|
self.quoteStack = []
|
|
self.pushTag(self)
|
|
|
|
def popTag(self):
|
|
tag = self.tagStack.pop()
|
|
# Tags with just one string-owning child get the child as a
|
|
# 'string' property, so that soup.tag.string is shorthand for
|
|
# soup.tag.contents[0]
|
|
if len(self.currentTag.contents) == 1 and \
|
|
isinstance(self.currentTag.contents[0], NavigableString):
|
|
self.currentTag.string = self.currentTag.contents[0]
|
|
|
|
#print "Pop", tag.name
|
|
if self.tagStack:
|
|
self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
|
|
return self.currentTag
|
|
|
|
def pushTag(self, tag):
|
|
#print "Push", tag.name
|
|
if self.currentTag:
|
|
self.currentTag.append(tag)
|
|
self.tagStack.append(tag)
|
|
self.currentTag = self.tagStack[-1]
|
|
|
|
def endData(self, containerClass=NavigableString):
|
|
if self.currentData:
|
|
currentData = ''.join(self.currentData)
|
|
if not currentData.strip():
|
|
if '\n' in currentData:
|
|
currentData = '\n'
|
|
else:
|
|
currentData = ' '
|
|
self.currentData = []
|
|
if self.parseOnlyThese and len(self.tagStack) <= 1 and \
|
|
(not self.parseOnlyThese.text or \
|
|
not self.parseOnlyThese.search(currentData)):
|
|
return
|
|
o = containerClass(currentData)
|
|
o.setup(self.currentTag, self.previous)
|
|
if self.previous:
|
|
self.previous.next = o
|
|
self.previous = o
|
|
self.currentTag.contents.append(o)
|
|
|
|
|
|
def _popToTag(self, name, inclusivePop=True):
|
|
"""Pops the tag stack up to and including the most recent
|
|
instance of the given tag. If inclusivePop is false, pops the tag
|
|
stack up to but *not* including the most recent instqance of
|
|
the given tag."""
|
|
#print "Popping to %s" % name
|
|
if name == self.ROOT_TAG_NAME:
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
numPops = 0
|
|
mostRecentTag = None
|
|
for i in range(len(self.tagStack)-1, 0, -1):
|
|
if name == self.tagStack[i].name:
|
|
numPops = len(self.tagStack)-i
|
|
break
|
|
if not inclusivePop:
|
|
numPops = numPops - 1
|
|
|
|
for i in range(0, numPops):
|
|
mostRecentTag = self.popTag()
|
|
return mostRecentTag
|
|
|
|
def _smartPop(self, name):
|
|
|
|
"""We need to pop up to the previous tag of this type, unless
|
|
one of this tag's nesting reset triggers comes between this
|
|
tag and the previous tag of this type, OR unless this tag is a
|
|
generic nesting trigger and another generic nesting trigger
|
|
comes between this tag and the previous tag of this type.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
<p>Foo<b>Bar<p> should pop to 'p', not 'b'.
|
|
<p>Foo<table>Bar<p> should pop to 'table', not 'p'.
|
|
<p>Foo<table><tr>Bar<p> should pop to 'tr', not 'p'.
|
|
<p>Foo<b>Bar<p> should pop to 'p', not 'b'.
|
|
|
|
<li><ul><li> *<li>* should pop to 'ul', not the first 'li'.
|
|
<tr><table><tr> *<tr>* should pop to 'table', not the first 'tr'
|
|
<td><tr><td> *<td>* should pop to 'tr', not the first 'td'
|
|
"""
|
|
|
|
nestingResetTriggers = self.NESTABLE_TAGS.get(name)
|
|
isNestable = nestingResetTriggers != None
|
|
isResetNesting = self.RESET_NESTING_TAGS.has_key(name)
|
|
popTo = None
|
|
inclusive = True
|
|
for i in range(len(self.tagStack)-1, 0, -1):
|
|
p = self.tagStack[i]
|
|
if (not p or p.name == name) and not isNestable:
|
|
#Non-nestable tags get popped to the top or to their
|
|
#last occurance.
|
|
popTo = name
|
|
break
|
|
if (nestingResetTriggers != None
|
|
and p.name in nestingResetTriggers) \
|
|
or (nestingResetTriggers == None and isResetNesting
|
|
and self.RESET_NESTING_TAGS.has_key(p.name)):
|
|
|
|
#If we encounter one of the nesting reset triggers
|
|
#peculiar to this tag, or we encounter another tag
|
|
#that causes nesting to reset, pop up to but not
|
|
#including that tag.
|
|
popTo = p.name
|
|
inclusive = False
|
|
break
|
|
p = p.parent
|
|
if popTo:
|
|
self._popToTag(popTo, inclusive)
|
|
|
|
def unknown_starttag(self, name, attrs, selfClosing=0):
|
|
#print "Start tag %s: %s" % (name, attrs)
|
|
if self.quoteStack:
|
|
#This is not a real tag.
|
|
#print "<%s> is not real!" % name
|
|
attrs = ''.join(map(lambda(x, y): ' %s="%s"' % (x, y), attrs))
|
|
self.handle_data('<%s%s>' % (name, attrs))
|
|
return
|
|
self.endData()
|
|
|
|
if not self.isSelfClosingTag(name) and not selfClosing:
|
|
self._smartPop(name)
|
|
|
|
if self.parseOnlyThese and len(self.tagStack) <= 1 \
|
|
and (self.parseOnlyThese.text or not self.parseOnlyThese.searchTag(name, attrs)):
|
|
return
|
|
|
|
tag = Tag(self, name, attrs, self.currentTag, self.previous)
|
|
if self.previous:
|
|
self.previous.next = tag
|
|
self.previous = tag
|
|
self.pushTag(tag)
|
|
if selfClosing or self.isSelfClosingTag(name):
|
|
self.popTag()
|
|
if name in self.QUOTE_TAGS:
|
|
#print "Beginning quote (%s)" % name
|
|
self.quoteStack.append(name)
|
|
self.literal = 1
|
|
return tag
|
|
|
|
def unknown_endtag(self, name):
|
|
#print "End tag %s" % name
|
|
if self.quoteStack and self.quoteStack[-1] != name:
|
|
#This is not a real end tag.
|
|
#print "</%s> is not real!" % name
|
|
self.handle_data('</%s>' % name)
|
|
return
|
|
self.endData()
|
|
self._popToTag(name)
|
|
if self.quoteStack and self.quoteStack[-1] == name:
|
|
self.quoteStack.pop()
|
|
self.literal = (len(self.quoteStack) > 0)
|
|
|
|
def handle_data(self, data):
|
|
self.currentData.append(data)
|
|
|
|
def _toStringSubclass(self, text, subclass):
|
|
"""Adds a certain piece of text to the tree as a NavigableString
|
|
subclass."""
|
|
self.endData()
|
|
self.handle_data(text)
|
|
self.endData(subclass)
|
|
|
|
def handle_pi(self, text):
|
|
"""Handle a processing instruction as a ProcessingInstruction
|
|
object, possibly one with a %SOUP-ENCODING% slot into which an
|
|
encoding will be plugged later."""
|
|
if text[:3] == "xml":
|
|
text = "xml version='1.0' encoding='%SOUP-ENCODING%'"
|
|
self._toStringSubclass(text, ProcessingInstruction)
|
|
|
|
def handle_comment(self, text):
|
|
"Handle comments as Comment objects."
|
|
self._toStringSubclass(text, Comment)
|
|
|
|
def handle_charref(self, ref):
|
|
"Handle character references as data."
|
|
if self.convertEntities in [self.HTML_ENTITIES,
|
|
self.XML_ENTITIES]:
|
|
data = unichr(int(ref))
|
|
else:
|
|
data = '&#%s;' % ref
|
|
self.handle_data(data)
|
|
|
|
def handle_entityref(self, ref):
|
|
"""Handle entity references as data, possibly converting known
|
|
HTML entity references to the corresponding Unicode
|
|
characters."""
|
|
data = None
|
|
if self.convertEntities == self.HTML_ENTITIES or \
|
|
(self.convertEntities == self.XML_ENTITIES and \
|
|
self.XML_ENTITY_LIST.get(ref)):
|
|
try:
|
|
data = unichr(name2codepoint[ref])
|
|
except KeyError:
|
|
pass
|
|
if not data:
|
|
data = '&%s;' % ref
|
|
self.handle_data(data)
|
|
|
|
def handle_decl(self, data):
|
|
"Handle DOCTYPEs and the like as Declaration objects."
|
|
self._toStringSubclass(data, Declaration)
|
|
|
|
def parse_declaration(self, i):
|
|
"""Treat a bogus SGML declaration as raw data. Treat a CDATA
|
|
declaration as a CData object."""
|
|
j = None
|
|
if self.rawdata[i:i+9] == '<![CDATA[':
|
|
k = self.rawdata.find(']]>', i)
|
|
if k == -1:
|
|
k = len(self.rawdata)
|
|
data = self.rawdata[i+9:k]
|
|
j = k+3
|
|
self._toStringSubclass(data, CData)
|
|
else:
|
|
try:
|
|
j = SGMLParser.parse_declaration(self, i)
|
|
except SGMLParseError:
|
|
toHandle = self.rawdata[i:]
|
|
self.handle_data(toHandle)
|
|
j = i + len(toHandle)
|
|
return j
|
|
|
|
class BeautifulSoup(BeautifulStoneSoup):
|
|
|
|
"""This parser knows the following facts about HTML:
|
|
|
|
* Some tags have no closing tag and should be interpreted as being
|
|
closed as soon as they are encountered.
|
|
|
|
* The text inside some tags (ie. 'script') may contain tags which
|
|
are not really part of the document and which should be parsed
|
|
as text, not tags. If you want to parse the text as tags, you can
|
|
always fetch it and parse it explicitly.
|
|
|
|
* Tag nesting rules:
|
|
|
|
Most tags can't be nested at all. For instance, the occurance of
|
|
a <p> tag should implicitly close the previous <p> tag.
|
|
|
|
<p>Para1<p>Para2
|
|
should be transformed into:
|
|
<p>Para1</p><p>Para2
|
|
|
|
Some tags can be nested arbitrarily. For instance, the occurance
|
|
of a <blockquote> tag should _not_ implicitly close the previous
|
|
<blockquote> tag.
|
|
|
|
Alice said: <blockquote>Bob said: <blockquote>Blah
|
|
should NOT be transformed into:
|
|
Alice said: <blockquote>Bob said: </blockquote><blockquote>Blah
|
|
|
|
Some tags can be nested, but the nesting is reset by the
|
|
interposition of other tags. For instance, a <tr> tag should
|
|
implicitly close the previous <tr> tag within the same <table>,
|
|
but not close a <tr> tag in another table.
|
|
|
|
<table><tr>Blah<tr>Blah
|
|
should be transformed into:
|
|
<table><tr>Blah</tr><tr>Blah
|
|
but,
|
|
<tr>Blah<table><tr>Blah
|
|
should NOT be transformed into
|
|
<tr>Blah<table></tr><tr>Blah
|
|
|
|
Differing assumptions about tag nesting rules are a major source
|
|
of problems with the BeautifulSoup class. If BeautifulSoup is not
|
|
treating as nestable a tag your page author treats as nestable,
|
|
try ICantBelieveItsBeautifulSoup, MinimalSoup, or
|
|
BeautifulStoneSoup before writing your own subclass."""
|
|
|
|
def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
|
|
if not kwargs.has_key('smartQuotesTo'):
|
|
kwargs['smartQuotesTo'] = self.HTML_ENTITIES
|
|
BeautifulStoneSoup.__init__(self, *args, **kwargs)
|
|
|
|
SELF_CLOSING_TAGS = buildTagMap(None,
|
|
['br' , 'hr', 'input', 'img', 'meta',
|
|
'spacer', 'link', 'frame', 'base'])
|
|
|
|
QUOTE_TAGS = {'script': None}
|
|
|
|
#According to the HTML standard, each of these inline tags can
|
|
#contain another tag of the same type. Furthermore, it's common
|
|
#to actually use these tags this way.
|
|
NESTABLE_INLINE_TAGS = ['span', 'font', 'q', 'object', 'bdo', 'sub', 'sup',
|
|
'center']
|
|
|
|
#According to the HTML standard, these block tags can contain
|
|
#another tag of the same type. Furthermore, it's common
|
|
#to actually use these tags this way.
|
|
NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS = ['blockquote', 'div', 'fieldset', 'ins', 'del']
|
|
|
|
#Lists can contain other lists, but there are restrictions.
|
|
NESTABLE_LIST_TAGS = { 'ol' : [],
|
|
'ul' : [],
|
|
'li' : ['ul', 'ol'],
|
|
'dl' : [],
|
|
'dd' : ['dl'],
|
|
'dt' : ['dl'] }
|
|
|
|
#Tables can contain other tables, but there are restrictions.
|
|
NESTABLE_TABLE_TAGS = {'table' : [],
|
|
'tr' : ['table', 'tbody', 'tfoot', 'thead'],
|
|
'td' : ['tr'],
|
|
'th' : ['tr'],
|
|
'thead' : ['table'],
|
|
'tbody' : ['table'],
|
|
'tfoot' : ['table'],
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
NON_NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS = ['address', 'form', 'p', 'pre']
|
|
|
|
#If one of these tags is encountered, all tags up to the next tag of
|
|
#this type are popped.
|
|
RESET_NESTING_TAGS = buildTagMap(None, NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS, 'noscript',
|
|
NON_NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS,
|
|
NESTABLE_LIST_TAGS,
|
|
NESTABLE_TABLE_TAGS)
|
|
|
|
NESTABLE_TAGS = buildTagMap([], NESTABLE_INLINE_TAGS, NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS,
|
|
NESTABLE_LIST_TAGS, NESTABLE_TABLE_TAGS)
|
|
|
|
# Used to detect the charset in a META tag; see start_meta
|
|
CHARSET_RE = re.compile("((^|;)\s*charset=)([^;]*)")
|
|
|
|
def start_meta(self, attrs):
|
|
"""Beautiful Soup can detect a charset included in a META tag,
|
|
try to convert the document to that charset, and re-parse the
|
|
document from the beginning."""
|
|
httpEquiv = None
|
|
contentType = None
|
|
contentTypeIndex = None
|
|
tagNeedsEncodingSubstitution = False
|
|
|
|
for i in range(0, len(attrs)):
|
|
key, value = attrs[i]
|
|
key = key.lower()
|
|
if key == 'http-equiv':
|
|
httpEquiv = value
|
|
elif key == 'content':
|
|
contentType = value
|
|
contentTypeIndex = i
|
|
|
|
if httpEquiv and contentType: # It's an interesting meta tag.
|
|
match = self.CHARSET_RE.search(contentType)
|
|
if match:
|
|
if getattr(self, 'declaredHTMLEncoding') or \
|
|
(self.originalEncoding == self.fromEncoding):
|
|
# This is our second pass through the document, or
|
|
# else an encoding was specified explicitly and it
|
|
# worked. Rewrite the meta tag.
|
|
newAttr = self.CHARSET_RE.sub\
|
|
(lambda(match):match.group(1) +
|
|
"%SOUP-ENCODING%", value)
|
|
attrs[contentTypeIndex] = (attrs[contentTypeIndex][0],
|
|
newAttr)
|
|
tagNeedsEncodingSubstitution = True
|
|
else:
|
|
# This is our first pass through the document.
|
|
# Go through it again with the new information.
|
|
newCharset = match.group(3)
|
|
if newCharset and newCharset != self.originalEncoding:
|
|
self.declaredHTMLEncoding = newCharset
|
|
self._feed(self.declaredHTMLEncoding)
|
|
raise StopParsing
|
|
tag = self.unknown_starttag("meta", attrs)
|
|
if tag and tagNeedsEncodingSubstitution:
|
|
tag.containsSubstitutions = True
|
|
|
|
class StopParsing(Exception):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class ICantBelieveItsBeautifulSoup(BeautifulSoup):
|
|
|
|
"""The BeautifulSoup class is oriented towards skipping over
|
|
common HTML errors like unclosed tags. However, sometimes it makes
|
|
errors of its own. For instance, consider this fragment:
|
|
|
|
<b>Foo<b>Bar</b></b>
|
|
|
|
This is perfectly valid (if bizarre) HTML. However, the
|
|
BeautifulSoup class will implicitly close the first b tag when it
|
|
encounters the second 'b'. It will think the author wrote
|
|
"<b>Foo<b>Bar", and didn't close the first 'b' tag, because
|
|
there's no real-world reason to bold something that's already
|
|
bold. When it encounters '</b></b>' it will close two more 'b'
|
|
tags, for a grand total of three tags closed instead of two. This
|
|
can throw off the rest of your document structure. The same is
|
|
true of a number of other tags, listed below.
|
|
|
|
It's much more common for someone to forget to close a 'b' tag
|
|
than to actually use nested 'b' tags, and the BeautifulSoup class
|
|
handles the common case. This class handles the not-co-common
|
|
case: where you can't believe someone wrote what they did, but
|
|
it's valid HTML and BeautifulSoup screwed up by assuming it
|
|
wouldn't be."""
|
|
|
|
I_CANT_BELIEVE_THEYRE_NESTABLE_INLINE_TAGS = \
|
|
['em', 'big', 'i', 'small', 'tt', 'abbr', 'acronym', 'strong',
|
|
'cite', 'code', 'dfn', 'kbd', 'samp', 'strong', 'var', 'b',
|
|
'big']
|
|
|
|
I_CANT_BELIEVE_THEYRE_NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS = ['noscript']
|
|
|
|
NESTABLE_TAGS = buildTagMap([], BeautifulSoup.NESTABLE_TAGS,
|
|
I_CANT_BELIEVE_THEYRE_NESTABLE_BLOCK_TAGS,
|
|
I_CANT_BELIEVE_THEYRE_NESTABLE_INLINE_TAGS)
|
|
|
|
class MinimalSoup(BeautifulSoup):
|
|
"""The MinimalSoup class is for parsing HTML that contains
|
|
pathologically bad markup. It makes no assumptions about tag
|
|
nesting, but it does know which tags are self-closing, that
|
|
<script> tags contain Javascript and should not be parsed, that
|
|
META tags may contain encoding information, and so on.
|
|
|
|
This also makes it better for subclassing than BeautifulStoneSoup
|
|
or BeautifulSoup."""
|
|
|
|
RESET_NESTING_TAGS = buildTagMap('noscript')
|
|
NESTABLE_TAGS = {}
|
|
|
|
class BeautifulSOAP(BeautifulStoneSoup):
|
|
"""This class will push a tag with only a single string child into
|
|
the tag's parent as an attribute. The attribute's name is the tag
|
|
name, and the value is the string child. An example should give
|
|
the flavor of the change:
|
|
|
|
<foo><bar>baz</bar></foo>
|
|
=>
|
|
<foo bar="baz"><bar>baz</bar></foo>
|
|
|
|
You can then access fooTag['bar'] instead of fooTag.barTag.string.
|
|
|
|
This is, of course, useful for scraping structures that tend to
|
|
use subelements instead of attributes, such as SOAP messages. Note
|
|
that it modifies its input, so don't print the modified version
|
|
out.
|
|
|
|
I'm not sure how many people really want to use this class; let me
|
|
know if you do. Mainly I like the name."""
|
|
|
|
def popTag(self):
|
|
if len(self.tagStack) > 1:
|
|
tag = self.tagStack[-1]
|
|
parent = self.tagStack[-2]
|
|
parent._getAttrMap()
|
|
if (isinstance(tag, Tag) and len(tag.contents) == 1 and
|
|
isinstance(tag.contents[0], NavigableString) and
|
|
not parent.attrMap.has_key(tag.name)):
|
|
parent[tag.name] = tag.contents[0]
|
|
BeautifulStoneSoup.popTag(self)
|
|
|
|
#Enterprise class names! It has come to our attention that some people
|
|
#think the names of the Beautiful Soup parser classes are too silly
|
|
#and "unprofessional" for use in enterprise screen-scraping. We feel
|
|
#your pain! For such-minded folk, the Beautiful Soup Consortium And
|
|
#All-Night Kosher Bakery recommends renaming this file to
|
|
#"RobustParser.py" (or, in cases of extreme enterprisness,
|
|
#"RobustParserBeanInterface.class") and using the following
|
|
#enterprise-friendly class aliases:
|
|
class RobustXMLParser(BeautifulStoneSoup):
|
|
pass
|
|
class RobustHTMLParser(BeautifulSoup):
|
|
pass
|
|
class RobustWackAssHTMLParser(ICantBelieveItsBeautifulSoup):
|
|
pass
|
|
class RobustInsanelyWackAssHTMLParser(MinimalSoup):
|
|
pass
|
|
class SimplifyingSOAPParser(BeautifulSOAP):
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
######################################################
|
|
#
|
|
# Bonus library: Unicode, Dammit
|
|
#
|
|
# This class forces XML data into a standard format (usually to UTF-8
|
|
# or Unicode). It is heavily based on code from Mark Pilgrim's
|
|
# Universal Feed Parser. It does not rewrite the XML or HTML to
|
|
# reflect a new encoding: that happens in BeautifulStoneSoup.handle_pi
|
|
# (XML) and BeautifulSoup.start_meta (HTML).
|
|
|
|
# Autodetects character encodings.
|
|
# Download from http://chardet.feedparser.org/
|
|
try:
|
|
import chardet
|
|
# import chardet.constants
|
|
# chardet.constants._debug = 1
|
|
except:
|
|
chardet = None
|
|
chardet = None
|
|
|
|
# cjkcodecs and iconv_codec make Python know about more character encodings.
|
|
# Both are available from http://cjkpython.i18n.org/
|
|
# They're built in if you use Python 2.4.
|
|
try:
|
|
import cjkcodecs.aliases
|
|
except:
|
|
pass
|
|
try:
|
|
import iconv_codec
|
|
except:
|
|
pass
|
|
|
|
class UnicodeDammit:
|
|
"""A class for detecting the encoding of a *ML document and
|
|
converting it to a Unicode string. If the source encoding is
|
|
windows-1252, can replace MS smart quotes with their HTML or XML
|
|
equivalents."""
|
|
|
|
# This dictionary maps commonly seen values for "charset" in HTML
|
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# meta tags to the corresponding Python codec names. It only covers
|
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# values that aren't in Python's aliases and can't be determined
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# by the heuristics in find_codec.
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CHARSET_ALIASES = { "macintosh" : "mac-roman",
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"x-sjis" : "shift-jis" }
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def __init__(self, markup, overrideEncodings=[],
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smartQuotesTo='xml'):
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self.markup, documentEncoding, sniffedEncoding = \
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self._detectEncoding(markup)
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self.smartQuotesTo = smartQuotesTo
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self.triedEncodings = []
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if markup == '' or isinstance(markup, unicode):
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self.originalEncoding = None
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self.unicode = unicode(markup)
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return
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|
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u = None
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for proposedEncoding in overrideEncodings:
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u = self._convertFrom(proposedEncoding)
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if u: break
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if not u:
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for proposedEncoding in (documentEncoding, sniffedEncoding):
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u = self._convertFrom(proposedEncoding)
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if u: break
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|
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# If no luck and we have auto-detection library, try that:
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if not u and chardet and not isinstance(self.markup, unicode):
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u = self._convertFrom(chardet.detect(self.markup)['encoding'])
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|
|
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# As a last resort, try utf-8 and windows-1252:
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if not u:
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for proposed_encoding in ("utf-8", "windows-1252"):
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u = self._convertFrom(proposed_encoding)
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if u: break
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self.unicode = u
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if not u: self.originalEncoding = None
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def _subMSChar(self, orig):
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"""Changes a MS smart quote character to an XML or HTML
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entity."""
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sub = self.MS_CHARS.get(orig)
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if type(sub) == types.TupleType:
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if self.smartQuotesTo == 'xml':
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sub = '&#x%s;' % sub[1]
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else:
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sub = '&%s;' % sub[0]
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return sub
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|
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def _convertFrom(self, proposed):
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proposed = self.find_codec(proposed)
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if not proposed or proposed in self.triedEncodings:
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return None
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self.triedEncodings.append(proposed)
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markup = self.markup
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|
|
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# Convert smart quotes to HTML if coming from an encoding
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# that might have them.
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if self.smartQuotesTo and proposed.lower() in("windows-1252",
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"iso-8859-1",
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"iso-8859-2"):
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markup = re.compile("([\x80-\x9f])").sub \
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(lambda(x): self._subMSChar(x.group(1)),
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markup)
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try:
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# print "Trying to convert document to %s" % proposed
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u = self._toUnicode(markup, proposed)
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self.markup = u
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self.originalEncoding = proposed
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except Exception, e:
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# print "That didn't work!"
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# print e
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return None
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#print "Correct encoding: %s" % proposed
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return self.markup
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|
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def _toUnicode(self, data, encoding):
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'''Given a string and its encoding, decodes the string into Unicode.
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%encoding is a string recognized by encodings.aliases'''
|
|
|
|
# strip Byte Order Mark (if present)
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if (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == '\xfe\xff') \
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and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
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encoding = 'utf-16be'
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data = data[2:]
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elif (len(data) >= 4) and (data[:2] == '\xff\xfe') \
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and (data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
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encoding = 'utf-16le'
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|
data = data[2:]
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elif data[:3] == '\xef\xbb\xbf':
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|
encoding = 'utf-8'
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|
data = data[3:]
|
|
elif data[:4] == '\x00\x00\xfe\xff':
|
|
encoding = 'utf-32be'
|
|
data = data[4:]
|
|
elif data[:4] == '\xff\xfe\x00\x00':
|
|
encoding = 'utf-32le'
|
|
data = data[4:]
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|
newdata = unicode(data, encoding)
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|
return newdata
|
|
|
|
def _detectEncoding(self, xml_data):
|
|
"""Given a document, tries to detect its XML encoding."""
|
|
xml_encoding = sniffed_xml_encoding = None
|
|
try:
|
|
if xml_data[:4] == '\x4c\x6f\xa7\x94':
|
|
# EBCDIC
|
|
xml_data = self._ebcdic_to_ascii(xml_data)
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\x00\x3c\x00\x3f':
|
|
# UTF-16BE
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-16be'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data, 'utf-16be').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif (len(xml_data) >= 4) and (xml_data[:2] == '\xfe\xff') \
|
|
and (xml_data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
|
|
# UTF-16BE with BOM
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-16be'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data[2:], 'utf-16be').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\x3c\x00\x3f\x00':
|
|
# UTF-16LE
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-16le'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data, 'utf-16le').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif (len(xml_data) >= 4) and (xml_data[:2] == '\xff\xfe') and \
|
|
(xml_data[2:4] != '\x00\x00'):
|
|
# UTF-16LE with BOM
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-16le'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data[2:], 'utf-16le').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\x00\x00\x00\x3c':
|
|
# UTF-32BE
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-32be'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data, 'utf-32be').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\x3c\x00\x00\x00':
|
|
# UTF-32LE
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-32le'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data, 'utf-32le').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\x00\x00\xfe\xff':
|
|
# UTF-32BE with BOM
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-32be'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data[4:], 'utf-32be').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:4] == '\xff\xfe\x00\x00':
|
|
# UTF-32LE with BOM
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-32le'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data[4:], 'utf-32le').encode('utf-8')
|
|
elif xml_data[:3] == '\xef\xbb\xbf':
|
|
# UTF-8 with BOM
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'utf-8'
|
|
xml_data = unicode(xml_data[3:], 'utf-8').encode('utf-8')
|
|
else:
|
|
sniffed_xml_encoding = 'ascii'
|
|
pass
|
|
xml_encoding_match = re.compile \
|
|
('^<\?.*encoding=[\'"](.*?)[\'"].*\?>')\
|
|
.match(xml_data)
|
|
except:
|
|
xml_encoding_match = None
|
|
if xml_encoding_match:
|
|
xml_encoding = xml_encoding_match.groups()[0].lower()
|
|
if sniffed_xml_encoding and \
|
|
(xml_encoding in ('iso-10646-ucs-2', 'ucs-2', 'csunicode',
|
|
'iso-10646-ucs-4', 'ucs-4', 'csucs4',
|
|
'utf-16', 'utf-32', 'utf_16', 'utf_32',
|
|
'utf16', 'u16')):
|
|
xml_encoding = sniffed_xml_encoding
|
|
return xml_data, xml_encoding, sniffed_xml_encoding
|
|
|
|
|
|
def find_codec(self, charset):
|
|
return self._codec(self.CHARSET_ALIASES.get(charset, charset)) \
|
|
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", ""))) \
|
|
or (charset and self._codec(charset.replace("-", "_"))) \
|
|
or charset
|
|
|
|
def _codec(self, charset):
|
|
if not charset: return charset
|
|
codec = None
|
|
try:
|
|
codecs.lookup(charset)
|
|
codec = charset
|
|
except LookupError:
|
|
pass
|
|
return codec
|
|
|
|
EBCDIC_TO_ASCII_MAP = None
|
|
def _ebcdic_to_ascii(self, s):
|
|
c = self.__class__
|
|
if not c.EBCDIC_TO_ASCII_MAP:
|
|
emap = (0,1,2,3,156,9,134,127,151,141,142,11,12,13,14,15,
|
|
16,17,18,19,157,133,8,135,24,25,146,143,28,29,30,31,
|
|
128,129,130,131,132,10,23,27,136,137,138,139,140,5,6,7,
|
|
144,145,22,147,148,149,150,4,152,153,154,155,20,21,158,26,
|
|
32,160,161,162,163,164,165,166,167,168,91,46,60,40,43,33,
|
|
38,169,170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,93,36,42,41,59,94,
|
|
45,47,178,179,180,181,182,183,184,185,124,44,37,95,62,63,
|
|
186,187,188,189,190,191,192,193,194,96,58,35,64,39,61,34,
|
|
195,97,98,99,100,101,102,103,104,105,196,197,198,199,200,
|
|
201,202,106,107,108,109,110,111,112,113,114,203,204,205,
|
|
206,207,208,209,126,115,116,117,118,119,120,121,122,210,
|
|
211,212,213,214,215,216,217,218,219,220,221,222,223,224,
|
|
225,226,227,228,229,230,231,123,65,66,67,68,69,70,71,72,
|
|
73,232,233,234,235,236,237,125,74,75,76,77,78,79,80,81,
|
|
82,238,239,240,241,242,243,92,159,83,84,85,86,87,88,89,
|
|
90,244,245,246,247,248,249,48,49,50,51,52,53,54,55,56,57,
|
|
250,251,252,253,254,255)
|
|
import string
|
|
c.EBCDIC_TO_ASCII_MAP = string.maketrans( \
|
|
''.join(map(chr, range(256))), ''.join(map(chr, emap)))
|
|
return s.translate(c.EBCDIC_TO_ASCII_MAP)
|
|
|
|
MS_CHARS = { '\x80' : ('euro', '20AC'),
|
|
'\x81' : ' ',
|
|
'\x82' : ('sbquo', '201A'),
|
|
'\x83' : ('fnof', '192'),
|
|
'\x84' : ('bdquo', '201E'),
|
|
'\x85' : ('hellip', '2026'),
|
|
'\x86' : ('dagger', '2020'),
|
|
'\x87' : ('Dagger', '2021'),
|
|
'\x88' : ('circ', '2C6'),
|
|
'\x89' : ('permil', '2030'),
|
|
'\x8A' : ('Scaron', '160'),
|
|
'\x8B' : ('lsaquo', '2039'),
|
|
'\x8C' : ('OElig', '152'),
|
|
'\x8D' : '?',
|
|
'\x8E' : ('#x17D', '17D'),
|
|
'\x8F' : '?',
|
|
'\x90' : '?',
|
|
'\x91' : ('lsquo', '2018'),
|
|
'\x92' : ('rsquo', '2019'),
|
|
'\x93' : ('ldquo', '201C'),
|
|
'\x94' : ('rdquo', '201D'),
|
|
'\x95' : ('bull', '2022'),
|
|
'\x96' : ('ndash', '2013'),
|
|
'\x97' : ('mdash', '2014'),
|
|
'\x98' : ('tilde', '2DC'),
|
|
'\x99' : ('trade', '2122'),
|
|
'\x9a' : ('scaron', '161'),
|
|
'\x9b' : ('rsaquo', '203A'),
|
|
'\x9c' : ('oelig', '153'),
|
|
'\x9d' : '?',
|
|
'\x9e' : ('#x17E', '17E'),
|
|
'\x9f' : ('Yuml', ''),}
|
|
|
|
#######################################################################
|
|
|
|
|
|
#By default, act as an HTML pretty-printer.
|
|
if __name__ == '__main__':
|
|
import sys
|
|
soup = BeautifulSoup(sys.stdin.read())
|
|
print soup.prettify() |